Choice = good- marketing- politics- education- psychology
So the more choices the better?
ResultsWhen choice is demotivating (Iyengar & Lepper, 2001)
Follow-up study: How likely are people to complete extra credit?
1. Students offered an extra credit assignment: one of 6 topics or one of 30 topics
More likely to do extra credit when fewer choices
ResultsWhen choice is demotivating (Iyengar & Lepper, 2001)
Introductions• I want to see development in intros:
• Paragraphs should not be committed to single citation but instead focus on a theme
• Make sure to connect each citation to over-arching research question
• Subtitles can help with organization, but make sure you have transitions!
• Make beginning interesting! Hook in the• Start broad explicitly state research question hypotheses
Introductions
• Look at lit reviews in empirical articles for e.g.s• No operational information in intros• Don’t need a lot of methods details about cited
studies – just main point • Adhere to APA structure• Make sure you cite when making big claims
Content is more important than length
Using Other People’s Ideas
• Should be used to support your ideas
• If using someone else’s words directly, you must use quotations and a citation
• It’s much better to rephrase into your own words, as this conveys understanding• Citations still required!
Giving Credit
• If you can’t put an idea into your own words, you shouldn’t write about it
• After reading an interesting idea, look away from it and write your own version• Does it summarize an important point?• Is it short and sweet?• If not, re-read and try again!
In-Text Citations
• If borrowing an idea from previous research or theory, it must be cited when:• Paraphrasing an author’s ideas• Sharing information that is not common
knowledge• Directly quoting a source
Examples
• Iyengar and Lepper (2001) “Studies 1, 2, and 3 provide compelling empirical evidence that
the provision of extensive choices, though initially appealing to choice-makers, may nonetheless undermine choosers' subsequent satisfaction and motivation.”
• Although many choices are attractive, individuals are more motivated and satisfied when given fewer options (Iyengar &Lepper, 2001).