Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
This study guide includes all material from the study guide for Part I.
Masculine nouns in a
Singular Plural
Nom. naro narā
Acc. naraṃ nare
Ins. narena narebhi, narehi
Dat. narāya, narassa narānaṃ
Abl. narā, naramhā, narasmā narebhi, narehi
Gen. narassa narānaṃ
Loc. nare, naramhi, narasmiṃ naresu
Voc. nara, narā narā
Masculine nouns in i
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. aggi aggī, aggayo
Acc. aggiṃ aggī, aggayo
Ins. agginā aggībhi, aggīhi
Dat., Gen. aggino, aggissa aggīnaṃ
Abl. agginā, aggimhā, aggismā aggībhi, aggīhi
Loc. aggimhi, aggismiṃ aggīsu
Revision 1 (2 January 2009)
Masculine nouns in ī
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. pakkhī pakkhī, pakkhino
Acc. pakkhinaṃ, pakkhiṃ pakkhī, pakkhino
Ins. pakkhinā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi
Dat., Gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhīnaṃ
Abl. pakkhinā, pakkhimhā, pakkhismā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi
Loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismiṃ pakkhīsu
Masculine nouns in u (1)
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. garu garū, garavo
Acc. garuṃ garū, garavo
Abl., Ins. garunā garūbhi, garūhi
Dat., Gen. garuno, garussa garūnaṃ
Loc. garumhi, garusmiṃ garūsu
* Bhikkhu has an additional form “bhikkhave” in the Vocative plural.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 1
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Masculine nouns in u (2)
Singular Plural
Nom. nattā nattāro
Acc. nattāraṃ nattāre, nattāro
Abl., Ins. nattārā nattārebhi, nattārehi
Dat., Gen. nattu, nattuno, nattussa nattārānaṃ, nattānaṃ
Loc. nattari nattāresu
Voc. natta, nattā nattāro
Masculine nouns in u (3)
Singular Plural
Nom. bhātā bhātaro
Acc. bhātaraṃ bhātare, bhātaro
Abl., Ins. bhātarā bhātarebhi, bhātarehi, bhātūbhi, bhātūhi
Dat., Gen. bhātu, bhātuno, bhātussa bhātarānaṃ, bhātānaṃ, bhātūnaṃ
Loc. bhātari bhātaresu, bhātusu
Voc. bhāta, bhātā bhātaro
Pitu (father) is similarly declined.
Masculine nouns in ū
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. vidū vidū, viduno
Acc. viduṃ vidū, viduno
Ins., Abl. vidunā vidūbhi, vidūhi
Dat., Gen. viduno, vidussa vidūnaṃ
Loc. vidumhi, vidusmiṃ vidūsu
Masculine noun: mana
Singular Plural
Nom. mano manā
Acc. manaṃ mane
Ins. manasā, manena manebhi, manehi
Dat., Gen. manaso, manassa manānaṃ
Abl. manasā, manā, manamhā, manasmā manebhi, manehi
Loc. manasi, mane, manamhi, manasmiṃ manesu
Voc. mana, manā manā
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 2
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Masculine noun: attan
Singular Plural
Nom. attā attāno
Acc. attānaṃ, attaṃ attāno
Ins. attanā, attena attanebhi, attanehi
Abl. attanā attanebhi, attanehi
Dat., Gen. attano attānaṃ
Loc. attani attanesu
Voc. atta, attā attāno
Masculine noun: rājan
Singular Plural
Nom. rājā rājāno
Acc. rājānaṃ, rājaṃ rājāno
Ins. raññā, rājena rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi
Abl. raññā, rājamhā, rājasmā rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi
Dat., Gen. rañño, rājino raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ
Loc. raññe, rājini, rājamhi, rājasmiṃ
rājusu, rājūsu, rājesu
Voc. rāja, rājā rājāno
Masculine noun: go
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. go, gavo gāvo
Acc. gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvuṃ gāvo
Ins. gāvena, gavena gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi
Dat., Gen. gāvassa, gavassa gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ
Abl. gāvā, gavā, gāvamhā, gavamhā, gāvasmā, gavasmā
gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi
Loc. gāve, gave, gāvamhi, gavamhi, gāvasmiṃ, gavasmiṃ
gāvesu, gavesu, gosu
Feminine nouns in ā
Singular Plural
Nom. vanitā vanitā, vanitāyo
Acc. vanitaṃ vanitā, vanitāyo
Abl., Ins. vanitāya vanitābhi, vanitāhi
Dat., Gen. vanitāya vanitānaṃ
Loc. vanitāyaṃ, vanitāya vanitāsu
Voc. vanite vanitā, vanitāyo
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 3
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Feminine nouns in i
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. bhūmi bhūmī, bhūmiyo
Acc. bhūmiṃ bhūmī, bhūmiyo
Abl., Ins. bhūmiyā, bhūmyā bhūmībhi, bhūmīhi
Dat., Gen. bhūmiyā bhūmīnaṃ
Loc. bhūmiyaṃ, bhūmiyā bhūmīsu
Feminine nouns in ī
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. kumārī kumārī, kumāriyo
Acc. kumāriṃ kumārī, kumāriyo
Abl., Ins. kumāriyā kumārībhi, kumārīhi
Dat., Gen. kumāriyā kumārīnaṃ
Loc. kumāriyaṃ, kumāriyā kumārīsu
Feminine nouns in u (1)
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. dhenu dhenū, dhenuyo
Acc. dhenuṃ dhenū, dhenuyo
Abl., Ins. dhenuyā dhenūbhi, dhenūhi
Dat. Gen. dhenuyā dhenūnaṃ
Loc. dhenuyaṃ, dhenuyā dhenūsu
Feminine nouns in u (2)
Singular Plural
Nom. mātā mātaro
Acc. mātaraṃ mātare, mātaro
Abl., Ins. mātarā, (mātuyā) mātarebhi, mātarehi, mātūbhi, mātūhi
Dat., Gen. mātuyā mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ
Loc. mātari mātaresu, mātusu
Voc. māta, mātā, māte mātaro
Dhītu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are declined like mātu.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 4
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Neuter nouns in a
Singular Plural
Nom. nayanaṃ nayanā, nayanāni
Acc. nayanaṃ nayane, nayanāni
Ins. nayanena nayanebhi, nayanehi
Dat. nayanāya, nayanassa nayanānaṃ
Abl. nayanā, nayanamhā, nayanasmā nayanebhi, nayanehi
Gen. nayanassa nayanānaṃ
Loc. nayane, nayanamhi, nayanasmiṃ nayanesu
Voc. nayana, nayanā nayanāni
Neuter nouns in i
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. aṭṭhi aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni
Acc. aṭṭhiṃ aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni
Ins. aṭṭhinā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi
Dat., Gen. aṭṭhino, aṭṭhissa aṭṭhīnaṃ
Abl. aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhimhā, aṭṭhismā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi
Loc. aṭṭhini, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhismiṃ aṭṭhisu, aṭṭhīsu
Neuter nouns in u
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. cakkhu cakkhū, cakkhūni
Acc. cakkhuṃ cakkhū, cakkhūni
Abl., Ins. cakkhunā cakkhūbhi, cakkhūhi
Dat., Gen. cakkhuno, cakkhussa cakkhūnaṃ
Loc. cakkhumhi, cakkhusmiṃ cakkhūsu
Notes:
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 5
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Adjectival nouns (masculine/neuter)
Singular Plural
Nom. guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavante
Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi
Dat., Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ
Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantasmā
guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi
Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantasmiṃ
guṇavantesu
Voc. guṇavaṃ, guṇava, guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā
* Those ending in -mantu should be declined as: cakkhumā, cakkhumanto, cakkhumatā, and so on.
Adjectival nouns (feminine)In the feminine, guṇavā becomes guṇavatī/guṇavantī, and is declined like kumārī.
First personal pronoun
Singular Plural
Nom. ahaṃ mayaṃ, amhe
Acc. maṃ, mamaṃ amhe, amhākaṃ, no
Ins. mayā, me amhebhi, amhehi, no
Dat., Gen. mama, mayhaṃ, me, mamaṃ amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, no
Abl. mayā amhebhi, amhehi
Loc. mayi amhesu
Second personal pronoun
Singular Plural
Nom. tvaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe
Acc. taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe, tumhākaṃ, vo
Ins. tvayā, tayā, te tumhebhi, tumhehi, vo
Dat., Gen. tava, tuyhaṃ, te tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, vo
Abl. tvayā, tayā tumhebhi, tumhehi
Loc. tvayi, tayi tumhesu
(Te, me and vo, no should not be used at the beginning of a sentence.)
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 6
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Relative pronoun (masculine)
Singular Plural
Nom. yo ye
Acc. yaṃ ye
Ins. yena yebhi, yehi
Dat., Gen. yassa yesaṃ, yesānaṃ
Abl. yamhā, yasmā yebhi, yehi
Loc. yamhi, yasmiṃ yesu
Relative pronoun (feminine)
Singular Plural
Nom. yā yā, yāyo
Acc. yaṃ yā, yāyo
Ins., Abl. yāya yābhi, yāhi
Dat., Gen. yassā, yāya yāsaṃ, yāsānāṃ
Loc. yassaṃ, yāyaṃ yāsu
Relative pronoun (neuter)
Nom., Acc. yaṃ ye, yāni
The rest is similar to that of masculine.
Demonstrative pronoun ta (masculine)
Singular Plural
Nom. so te
Acc. taṃ, naṃ te, ne
Ins. tena tebhi, tehi
Dat., Gen. tassa tesaṃ, tesānaṃ
Abl. tamhā, tasmā tebhi, tehi
Loc. tamhi, tasmiṃ tesu
Demonstrative pronoun ta (feminine)
Singular Plural
Nom. sā tā, tāyo
Acc. taṃ, naṃ tā, tāyo
Ins., Abl. tāya tābhi, tāhi
Dat., Gen. tassā, tāyo tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ
Loc. tassaṃ, tāyaṃ tāsu
Demonstrative pronoun ta (neuter)
Nom., Acc. taṃ te, tāni
The rest is similar to that of the masculine. Eta is declined like ta.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 7
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Demonstrative pronoun ima (masculine)
Singular Plural
Nom. ayaṃ ime
Acc. imaṃ ime
Ins. anena, iminā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi
Dat., Gen. assa, imassa esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ
Abl. asmā, imamhā, imasmā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi
Loc. asmiṃ, imamhi, imasmiṃ esu, imesu
Demonstrative pronoun ima (feminine)
Singular Plural
Nom. ayaṃ imā, imāyo
Acc. imaṃ imā, imāyo
Ins., Abl. imāya imābhi, imāhi
Dat., Gen. assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, imāya
āsaṃ, āsānaṃ, imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ
Loc. assaṃ, imissaṃ, imāyaṃ imāsu
Demonstrative pronoun ima (neuter)
Nom., Acc. idaṃ, imaṃ ime, imāni
The rest is similar to that of the masculine.
Present participle, active (masculine)
Singular Plural
Nom. gacchaṃ, gacchanto gacchanto, gacchantā
Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante
Ins. gacchatā, gacchantena gacchantebhi, gacchantehi
Dat., Gen. gacchato, gacchantassa gacchataṃ, gacchantānaṃ
Abl. gacchatā, gacchantamhā, gacchantasmā
gacchantebhi, gacchantehi
Loc. gacchati, gacchante, gacchantamhi. gacchantasmiṃ
gacchantesu
Voc. gacchaṃ, gaccha, gacchā gacchanto, gacchantā
Present participle, active (feminine)
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. gacchantī gacchantī, gacchantiyo
Acc. gacchantiṃ gacchantī, gacchantiyo
Ins., Abl. gacchantiyā gacchantībhi, gacchantīhi
Dat. Gen. gacchantiyā gacchantīnaṃ
Loc. gacchantiyaṃ, gacchantiyā gacchantīsu
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 8
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Present participle, active (neuter)
Singular Plural
Nom. gacchaṃ gacchantā, gacchantāni
Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante, gacchantāni
The rest is similar to that of the masculine.
All these have another form ending in -māna, like gacchamāna. In that form they are declined like nara in the masculine, vanitā in the feminine, and nayana in the neuter.
● ataramāna = not being hurried● anuppadiyamāna = being given● kampamāna = trembling● kurumāna = doing● khipanta = sneezing● taramāna = crossing [a stream]● namassamāna = worshipping● patiṭṭhāpayamāna = establishing● ravamāna = making [a noise]● visuṃ karonta = separating● vuccamāna = saying● honta = being
Present participle, passiveThe passive present participle is formed by adding ī+ya to the root before the active terminations.
● pacīyamāna = being cooked
Potential (future) participle, passiveThe potential participle is formed by adding tabba and anīya to the verbal base.
● appameyya = immeasurable● alabbhaneyya = that cannot be obtained● asaṅkheyya = innumerable● kattabba = must/to/should be done● karaṇīya = must/to/should be done● kātabba = must/to/should be done● kāriya = should be done● kicca = should be done● khajja = should be eaten● gantabba = should be gone● gamma = should be understood● gayha = should be taken● gārayha = should be despised
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 9
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
● cālanīya = movable● cinteyya = thinkable● jeyya = should be conquered● ñātayya = should be known● taraṇīya = crossable● daṭṭhayya = should be seen● dātabba = must/to/should be given● deyya = should be given● neyya = should be led● pattayya = should be arrived or attained● pariyodapetabba = must be cleansed● peyya = should be drunk● bhavitabba = ought to be● māriya = should be killed● yogga = should be yoked● leyya = should be licked● vajja = should be said● vākya = should be spoken● savaṇīya = must/to/should be heard● sikkhitabba = should be practised, observed● sotabba = must/to/should be heard● hāriya = should be carried
Past participle● akkuṭṭha = rebuked ● āditta = ablaze● atikkanta = gone over, elapsed ● ānīta = brought● ativisiṭṭha = exquisite ● āraddha = begun● atthata = spread ● ārūḷha = mounted, got into● anugata = followed by ● āsīna = sat● anuññāta = allowed ● āhaṭa = brought● anudita = not arisen ● udita = risen● anuppatta = arrived, attained ● upakkiliṭṭha = dirty● anūhata = not destroyed ● upanīta = represented● antarahita = disappeared ● upasaṅkanta = approached● apakkanta = gone away ● uppanna = arisen, born● apanīta = removed ● uppādita = raised, produced● appatīta = vexed ● ubbigga = agitated● abbūḷha = drawn out, removed ● otiṇṇa = descended● abhikkanta = far spent ● onīta = removed from● kaṭhita = boiling hot ● kaṭṭha = ploughed● abhiññāta = distinguished, ● kata = done, made well-known ● kārita (causative) = built● abhitthuta = praised ● kālakata = dead● abhipīḷita = ailing, oppressed ● kilanta = fatigued● avasiṭṭha = remaining ● kīta = bought● avasitta = besprinkled ● kuddha = enraged, angry● ākiṇṇa = full of, scattered with ● khacita = studded● āgata = come ● khaṇḍākhaṇḍikajāta = dashed● āṇatta = bidden into pieces
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 10
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
● khata = wounded ● naṭṭha = lost● khanta = forgiven ● nahāta = bathed● gutta = protected ● nikkhitta = kept, placed● ghuṭṭha = proclaimed ● nikhāta = dug out● cita = collected ● nipanna = lying down● cuta = passed away ● nipphanna = made, conditioned● channa = covered ● nibbatta = born● chinna = cut, broken ● nibbuta = tranquilled, peaceful● jalita = glowing ● nimmita = created● jāta = born, grown ● nivattha = clad, clothed with,● jiṇṇa = old, decayed dressed● jita = subdued, conquered ● nisinna = sat, seated● ñāta = known ● nīta = led, carried● ṭhita = stood ● nhāta = bathed● tatta = heated ● pakka = cooked, boiled, heated● tasita = thirsty ● pakkanta = gone● tiṇṇa = crossed, gone ashore ● paññatta = prepared (bed,● daṭṭha = bitten, stung seat), pointed out, made known,● daḍḍha = burnt laid down, ordained● danta = subdued ● paṭicchanna = covered● diṭṭha = seen ● paṭimaṇḍita = decorated,● dinna = given endowed● dīna = miserable, mean ● paṭiyatta = prepared, made ready● duṭṭha = corrupted ● patta = attained, arrived● duddha = milked ● patthaṭa = extensive● dubbinīta = badly trained ● paduṭṭha = corrupt
● pamudita = greatly delighted ● maggapaṭipanna = journeying● parikkhitta = surrounded by ● maṭṭha = polished● parikkhīṇa = exhausted ● mata = dead● parippuṇṇa = completely filled ● mata = thought, known, idea● parivuta = accompanied by, ● matta = intoxicated followed by, surrounded by ● malina = soiled● paviṭṭha = entered ● mita = measured● pahaṭa = beaten ● mutta = released, freed● paharita = wounded ● mūḷha = gone astray, foolish● pahīna = eliminated ● yāta = gone● paṃsumakkhita = soiled ● yutta = joined, connected with,● pātubhūta = manifested endowed with, would be fitting● pihita = shut ● yojita = yoked● pipāsita = thirsty ● rata = delighted, amused● pīta = drunk ● ruṭṭha = vexed, provoked, angry,● puṭṭha = asked, questioned enraged● puṭṭha = brought up ● ruddha = obstructed● puṇṇa = filled, full ● rūḷha = ascended● baddha = yoked, trapped ● lagga = adhered● buddha = enlightened, known ● laddha = received, obtained● bhagga = broken ● luddha = covetous, greedy● bhanta = swerving ● lūna = cut, mowed● bhinna = broken ● vaṇita = wounded● bhīta = frightened, afraid ● vāsita = scented● bhutta = eaten ● vippamutta = released● bhūta = become, been ● visiṭṭha = distinguished,
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 11
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
diversified ● suvibhatta = well divided● vutta = told, said, spoken ● susajjita = well prepared● vuttha = lived, dwelt ● susamāhita = well performed● vupakaṭṭha = secluded ● susikkhita = skilful● vyathita = wavering ● haṭa = carried● saṅkiṇṇa = mixed ● haṭṭha = delighted● saṅgamita = united ● hata = killed● sajjita = prepared● sañchanna = covered with● santa = calmed● sannipatita = assembled● samāgata = assembled● samuṭṭhita = arisen● sampatta = arrived● sampanna = abundant● sammaṭṭha = swept● saraṇagata = taken refuge● saṃvigga = agitated● saṃvuta = closed● sītibhūta = cooled● suciṇṇa = well practised or gathered● suta = heard● sutta = slept● sunivattha = well dressed● supāruta = well robed● suppatiṭṭhita = well established
Present tense, active (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th conjugations)
Singular Plural
3rd pacati pacanti
2nd pacasi pacatha
1st pacāmi pacāma
Present tense, active (5th conjugation)
Singular Plural
3rd vikkiṇāti vikkiṇanti
2nd vikkiṇāsi vikkiṇātha
1st vikkiṇāmi vikkiṇāma
Present tense, active (7th conjugation)
Singular Plural
3rd pāleti, pālayati pālenti, pālayanti
2nd pālesi, pālayasi pāletha, pālayatha
1st pālemi, pālayāmi pālema, pālayāma
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 12
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Verb to be: atthi
Singular Plural
3rd atthi santi
2nd asi attha
1st amhi, asmi amha, asma
Present tense, passive
Singular Plural
3rd paharīyati paharīyanti
2nd paharīyasi paharīyatha
1st paharīyāmi paharīyāma
● agghīyati = is esteemed ● chijjati = is cut, is broken● acchindīyati = is plundered ● ḍayhati = is burnt● avāpurīyati = is opened ● dīyati = is given● icchīyati = is wished ● nikhaṇīyati = is buried● upanīyati = is served up ● nidhīyati = is deposited● olambīyati = is hung ● niyyati = is led or carried● karīyati = is done ● nīyati = is led or carried● kiṇīyati = is bought ● paccati = is cooked● khajjati = is eaten ● paṭhīyati = is read● cajīyati = is avoided ● patimānīyati = is admired● cīyati = is collected ● parivārīyati = is accompanied
● pavuccati = is said● paharīyati = is attacked● pīyati = is drunk● bajjhati = is bound or confined● bhijjati = is broken● bhuñjīyati = is eaten● bhūyati = is becoming● bhojīyati = is fed● mārīyati = is killed● muccati = is released● labbhati = is gotten● vaṇīyati = is wounded● vajjīyati = is avoided● vāsīyati = is perfumed● vimhayena olokīyati = is admired● vuyhati = is floated, is carried away by water● sarīyati = is remembered● suyyati = is heard● sūyati = is heard● haññati = is killed● hasīyati = is laughed at● hiṃsīyati = is tormented
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 13
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Aorist, active (1st, 2nd, 5th conjugations)
Singular Plural
3rd apacī, pacī, apaci, paci apaciṃsu, paciṃsu, apacuṃ, pacuṃ
2nd apaco, paco apacittha, pacittha
1st apaciṃ, paciṃ apacimha, pacimha, apacimhā, pacimhā
Aorist, active (7th conjugation)
Singular Plural
3rd pālesi, pālayi pālesuṃ, pālayuṃ, pālayimsu
2nd pālayo pālayittha
1st pālesiṃ, pālayiṃ pālayimha, pālayimhā
Future tense
Singular Plural
3rd pacissati pacissanti
2nd pacissasi pacissatha
1st pacissāmi pacissāma
Past conditional
Singular Plural
3rd apacissā, apacissa apacissaṃsu
2nd apacisse apacissatha
1st apacissa apacissamhā
Parokkhā bases (3rd person singular)
● āha = has said● jagāma = has gone● jahāra = has carried● babhūva = has been● susoca = has mourned
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 14
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Imperative mood
Singular Plural
3rd pacatu pacantu
2nd paca, pacāhi pacatha
1st pacāmi pacāma
Optative mood
Singular Plural
3rd paceyya paceyyuṃ
2nd paceyyāsi paceyyātha
1st paceyyāmi paceyyāma
Optative mood (attanopada)
Singular Plural
3rd pacetha paceraṃ
2nd pacetho paceyyavho
1st paceyyaṃ paceyyāmhe
Causatives● acchādeti = puts on● alaṅkāreti = causes to dress, robe● āgameti = expects● uggaṇhāpeti = teaches● upanāmeti = presents● uyyojeti = sends back, sends away● ussāpeti = raises● okirāpeti = strews● kampeti = causes to flutter● kāreti = builds, erects, causes to do● [puna] kāreti = rebuilds● khepeti = wastes● gāhāpeti = causes to take● corāpeti = causes to steal● chādeti = covers● ṭhapeti = places● dasseti = shows, pays [homage]● dāpeti = causes to give● dhāreti = possesses● nahāpeti = causes to bathe● nipajjāpeti = lays down● nivatteti = makes stay● nivāreti = avoids● nivāsāpeti = causes to dress, robe● nivāseti = robes/dresses oneself
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 15
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
● nivedeti = informs ● yojāpeti = causes to harness● pakkosāpeti = sends for ● roseti = makes angry, enrages● paññāpeti = lays down, prepares ● vaḍḍhāpeti = advances● paṭicchāpeti = hands over ● vaḍḍheti = increases● paṭisāmeti = sets in order ● vatteti = adopts● pabbājeti = causes to become a ● vasāpeti = causes to dwell, makes monk stay● sanṭhapeti = adjusts ● vināseti = destroys● payojeti = engages in ● vilimpāpeti = causes to be toiletted● palāpeti = drives away ● vissajjeti = leaves● pavatteti = begins rolling ● sannipāteti = assembles● paveseti = enters, takes in ● samassāseti = consoles● pasāreti = stretches ● sodheti = clears, inquires● pājeti = drives ● soseti = causes to dry● pāpeti = brings, advances● pāyeti = feeds, causes to drink● pāheti = causes to send● phāleti = splits, tears● bhūsāpeti = causes to be decorated● bhūseti = decks, adorns● bhojāpeti = causes to eat● bhojeti = causes to eat● makkheti = smears● māreti = kills, slays● mārāpeti = causes to kill● moceti = unties, releases
Infinitives● āvāhetuṃ = to marry (to a woman)● kattuṃ = to do● kātave = to do● kātuṃ = to do● gantuṃ = to go● chettuṃ = to cut● ñātuṃ = to know● ṭhātuṃ = to stand● dātuṃ = to give● paṭiladdhuṃ = to attain● pattuṃ = to arrive, to attain● pātuṃ = to drink● boddhuṃ = to perceive● bhottuṃ = to eat, to enjoy● yātuṃ = to go● laddhuṃ = to get, to obtain● vattuṃ = to say● vikketuṃ = to sell● vivāhetuṃ = to marry (a woman away)● sotuṃ = to hear● hattuṃ = to carry
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 16
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Absolutives● akkamma = having trodden● aññāya = having known or understood● anuvicca = having known or considered● abhirūhana = embarking, ascending, mounting● avecca = having understood● āgamma = having come● ādāya = having taken● ānīya = having brought● ārabbha = having begun, on account of, concerning● āruyha = having ascended● āhacca = having knocked or struck● uggahetvāna = having learned● upasampajja = having attained, being ordained● upecca = having come near● uṭṭhāya = having risen [from the seat]● upalabbha = having got● upahacca = having vexed● uppajja = having been born or arisen● okkamma = having gone aside● oruyha = having descended● katvā = having done● kārāpetvā = having (caused to be) done● gantvā = having gone● gayha = having taken● gahetvā = having taken
● catvā = having abandoned● chādāpetvā = having caused to be covered or thatched● chetvā = having cut or broken● ñatvā = having known● ṭhatvā = having stood or stayed● ṭhapetvā = having placed, except● datvā = having given● disvā = having seen● dhovana = washing● nahātvā = having bathed● nikkhamma = having come out● nipacca = having bowed down● nimantiya = having invited● nisajja = having sat● nihacca = having knocked down● nītvā = having carried● netvā = having carried● paggayha = having raised up or held up● patvā = having come or arrived● paṭiggahetvā = having received or taken● paṭissutvā = having replied● paṭihata = having knocked against● pamajja = having delayed, being negligent● pavissa = having entered● pasādetvā = having converted● pahāya = having left or abandoned
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 17
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
● pātvā = having drunk● pesetvā = having sent● butvā = having eaten● bhetvā = having broken or opened● mantvā = having thought● yātvā = having gone● laddhā = having got● vidhāya = having commanded or done● vibhajja = having divided● viceyya = having considered● vineyya = having removed● vivicca = having separated● vuṭṭhāya = having risen up● saṅgamma = having gathered together● saṅgahetvā = having treated● sammuyha = having forgotten● sutvā = having heard● hatvā = having killed● hutvā = being, having being● hantvā = having killed
Notes:
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 18
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Vocabulary
m* indicates masculine nouns of the mano-group.
[ a ]
akā (v) did.akusala (n) bad deed.akkamati (v) treads upon.akkosati (v) scolds.akkharasamaya (m) science of reading and writing.akkhi (n) eye.agāra (n) house.agga (adj) chief, foremost, highest, top.aggamahesi (f) chief queen.aggala (n) cross-bar, latch.aggi (m) fire.aṅgaṇa (n) open space.aṅgarakkhaka (m) body-guard.aṅgāra (m) charcoal.aṅgula (m) inch.aṅguli (f) finger.acala (adj) unshakable.accanta (adj) sheer.accanta-namassanīya (adj) most worshipful.accayena (ins of accaya) after death.acci (n) flame.accha (m) bear.aja (m) goat.ajja (adv) today.
ajjatana (adj) belonging to this day.ajjhāvasati (v) dwells.añña (pron/adj) other, another.aññatara (pron/adj) certain.aññatitthiya (m) person of other faith.aññatra (adv) without, in another place.aññathā (adv) in another way.aññāsi (v) knew.añño koci (phrase) someone else.aṭavi (f) forest.aṭṭha (num) eight.aṭṭhakathā (f) commentary.aṭṭhama (adj) eighth.aṭṭhi (n) bone, seed.aṇḍa (n) egg.aṇḍaja (m) born from an egg, bird or serpent.atikaṭuka (adj) very severe.atikkamati (v) goes beyond, surpasses, leaves behind.atikkameti (v) spends [time].atichatta (n) special umbrella.atithi (m) guest.atidukkara (adj) very difficult.atibhāriya (adj) very serious.atimahant (adj) immense.atirocati (v) shines very much.ativuṭṭhi (f) excess of rain.atisundara (adj) excellent.atīte (indec) once upon a time.attaja (m) son.attan (pron) own, self.
attano attano (phrase) their own, their respective.attabhāva (m) state.attamana (adj) glad.attha (m) necessity.atthaṅgacchati (v) disappears, [sun] sets.atthannū (m) knower of the meaning.attharati (v) spreads.atthāya (dat) for.atthi (v) verb to be.atra (adv) here.atha (indec) thereupon.atha kho (phrase) and then.athavā (conj) or.atho (indec) also.adinnādāna (n) theft. [lit. taking what is not given.]addha (num) half.addhan (m) interval of time.addhamāsa (m) fortnight.addharattaṃ (adv) middle of the night.addhā (m) long time. (adv) certainly, [is] sure.addhānamagga (m) high road.adhana (adj) poor.adhika (adj) exceeding.adhikatarussāha (m) utmost care.adhigacchati (v) attains, obtains, gets.adhiṭṭhāti (v) resolves, determines.adhiṭṭhāna (n) determination.adhipati (m) lord, leader, superior.adhirājan (m) emperor.adhivasati (v) lives in.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 19
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
adhivāsanā (f) assent, endurance.adho (adv) below.adhogaṅgaṃ (adv) down the river.anagāriya (n) homelessness.anagāriyaṃ pabbajati (phrase) leaves the household life.anattamana (adj) irritated.ananucchavika (adj) inappropriate.anapāyinī (f) which does not leave.anariya (adj) ignoble, low.anasana (n) abstinence from food.anāgata (m) future.anātha (adj) helpless.anicca (adj) impermanent.aniṭṭha (adj) not agreeable.anu (prep) along.anukampati (v) sympathises.anukaraṇa (n) imitation.anukkama (m) order.anukkamati (v) follows.anukkamena (adv) gradually, by degrees.anugacchati (v) follows, accompanies.anugharaṃ (adv) house after house.anucchavika (adj) fit, suitable.anujānāti (v) agrees.anuññā (f) consent.anutappati (v) repents.anudisā (f) intermediate quarter.anupaddava (adj) free from danger, safe.anupubbena (adv) in regular order, in due course, in turn.
anuppabandha (m) recurring series.anubandhati (v) chases.anubhavati (v) enjoys, suffers.anumati (f) consent, approval, assent.anuyuñjati (v) gives oneself up, practises, pursues.anurathaṃ (adv) behind the chariot.anuvattati (v) obeys.anuvassaṃ (adv) year by year, annually.anuvātaṃ (adv) following or with the wind.anuvāte (loc) in the direction of the wind.anuvādeti (v) translates.anuvitakketi (v) ponders over.anusaya (m) predisposition.anusāsati (v) admonishes, advises.anusāsana (n) admonition.anussarati (v) remembers.aneka (adj) many.anopamavaṇṇa (adj) of peerless beauty.anta (m) end.antamaso (adv) at least.antaradhāyati (v) disappears.antarā (adv) between.antarāya (m) danger.antare (adv) among.antima (adj) last, final.ante (loc) finally.antevāsika (m) resident pupil.anto (adv) inside, within.antogāma (n) inside the village, inner village.antonivesanaṅgaṇa (n) inner court, surrounded
compound.antovassam (adv) within the rainy season.andha (adj) blind.andha-bāla (adj) very foolish [lit. blindly].annadāyin (m) giver of rice or food.anvaddhamāsaṃ (adv) once in a fortnight.anvāyika (n) follower.anveti (v) follows.apakāra (m) injury, mischief.apakkamati (v) goes inside, deviates.apagacchati (v) goes away, moves aside, moves off, departs, retires, abstains.apagatakāḷaka (adj) removed or cleansed of dark spots.apaciti (f) reverence.apacināti (v) makes less, diminishes.apadatā (f) footlessness.apara (pron/adj) other, western.aparabhāge (loc) afterwards.aparādha (m) crime.apāpurati (v) opens.apāya (m) state of suffering.api (conj) too, even, also.apidhāna (n) lid.apilāpeti (v) talks idly, boasts.apiḷandha (adj) adorned.apeti (v) moves aside.appaka (adj) few, a little [collective].appasadda (adj) quiet.appassuta (adj) ignorant.appoṭheti (v) claps hands.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 20
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
abbuda (m) contention, dissension. [lit. tumour]abbha (n) cloud.abbhañjati (v) anoints.abbhantara (n) inner part.abbhantara[-gabbha] (m) vault.abbhuggacchati (v) jumps up.abbhuṇha (adj) warm.abbhuyyāti (v) marches against.abhikkanta (adj) brilliant.abhikkamati (v) goes ahead, proceeds.abhijjhā (f) covetousness.abhijjhālu (adj) covetous.abhiṇhaṃ (adv) constantly, not seldom.abhitthavati (v) applauds.abhitthunati (v) praises.abhidhamma (m) special doctrine.abhidhāvati (v) runs against.abhinandati (v) rejoices, expresses approval.abhinikkhamati (v) leaves the household life, retires from the world.abhinīharati (v) brings forth, takes out.abhinīhāra (m) aspiration.abhimukha (n) presence. (adj) facing, opposite.abhirati (f) delight, satisfaction.abhiramati (v) enjoys.abhirūpa (adj) handsome, very beautiful.abhivaḍḍhati (v) increases.abhivādeti (v) salutes, bows down.abhivisiṭṭharūpa (adj) supremely beautiful.abhisanda (m) result.
abhisambujjhati (v) attains perfect knowledge.abhisambodhi (f) perfect knowledge.abhiseka (m) coronation.amacca (m) councillor.amata (n) ambrosia.amanussa (m) non-human being.amātāpitika (adj) orphan.amba (m,n) mango.ambu (n) water.ambho (particle used in addressing equals).ammā (f) mother.aya (m*) iron.ayutta (n) injustice.ayoguḷa (m) iron ball.ayopeḷā (f) iron safe.ayomaya (adj) made of iron.ayya (m) lord.arañña (n) forest.araññavihāra (m) forest-dwelling.araha (adj) worthy of.arahatta (n) the highest stage of the Path.arahant (m) saint.ari (m) enemy.ariya (adj) noble.ariyasacca (n) noble truth.ariyasāvaka (m) a disciple who has attained the path.aroga (adj) free from sickness.alaṅkaroti (v) adorns, decorates.alaṅkāra (m) ornament.alattha (v) got.
alaṃ (indec) enough.alāta (n) firebrand.allīna (adj) clinging.avajānāti (v) despises.avatthā (f) occasion.avamāneti (v) despises.avaṃsira (adj) head downward.avarodhaka (m) besieger.avasarati (v) arrives at.avasiṭṭha (adj) remaining.avasesa (adj) remaining.avaharati (v) takes away, steals.avidūra (adj) near.avisesaṃ (adv) alike.avera (m) benevolence, friendliness.asaṅkheyya (n) the highest number.asani (f) thunder-bolt.asappurisa (m) wicked person.asamattha (adj) not able.asi (m) sword.asuci (m) dung, dirt. (adj) impure.asnāti (v) eats.assa (m) horse.assattha (m) fig tree.assabhaṇḍaka (n) horse trappings. (m) groom.assama (m) hermitage.assamaṇa (m) not a monk.assasālā (f) stable.assu (n) tear.aha (n) day.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 21
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
ahata (adj) new.ahi (m) serpent.aho (indec) alas!ahosi (v) was.
[ ā ]
ākaṅkhati (v) wishes.ākaḍḍhati (v) pulls, drags.ākara (m) deposit.ākāsa (m) sky.ākirati (v) scatters, pours.ākoṭeti (v) knocks upon.ākhu (m) rat.āgacchati (v) comes.āgantuka (m) stranger.āgantukāma (adj) willing to come.āgamana (ger) arrival.ācariya (m) teacher, commentator.ācikkhati (v) tells, says, informs.āṇā (f) command.āṇāpeti (v) bids, orders.ātapa (m) heat of the sun.ādi (m) beginning. (n) et cetera, and so on.ādicca (m) sun.... ādiṃ katvā (phrase) from ... on.ādhāvati (v) runs here and there.ādhipacca (n) lordship, government.ādhipateyya (n) lordship, power.ānisaṃsa (m) result.
ānubhāva (m) power, splendour.āneti (v) brings.āpaṇa (m) shop, market.āpabbatā (phrase) as far as the mountain.āpānamaṇḍala (n) drinking or banquet hall.ābādha (m) sickness.ābharaṇa (n) ornament.ābhujati (v) bends.āma (adj) unripe. (indec, voc) yes.āmanteti (v) calls, addresses.āyasmantu (adj) venerable.āyāti (v) approaches.āyu (n) age.āyudha (n) weapon.ārabhati (v) begins.ārāma (m) garden, monastery.āruhati (v) ascends, climbs. mounts.ārogya (n) health.āroceti (v) announces, informs.ārohaṇa (n) ascending.ālinda (m) terrace.āloka (m) light.āvapati (v) gives away.āvasathāgāra (n) resthouse.āvahāti (v) brings.āvāṭa (m) pit.āvāha-vivāha-sambandha (m) matrimonial alliance.āvuṇāti (v) strings, fixes on.āvuso (indec, voc) brethren, friend.āsana (n) seat.
āsanna (adj) near.āsannaṭṭhāna (n) neighbourhood.āsamuddaṃ (adv) as far as the sea-coast.āsaya (m) deposit.āsava (m) passion.āsiñcati (v) sprinkles, pours.āsiṃ (v) [I] was.āha (v) said, told.āharati (v) brings.āhāra (m) food.āhiṇḍati (v) wanders, roams, travels.
[ i ]
icchati (v) wishes, wants.iṭṭha (adj) agreeable.iṇa (n) debt.itara (pron/adj) the other.iti (indec) thus.iti jāni (phrase) knew that.ito (adv) hence.itthaṃ (adv) thus.itthī (f) woman.idāni (adv) now.iddhibala (n) supernatural power.iddhimantu (adj) possessed of supernatural power.idha (adv) here.indriya (n) sense.ima (pron) this.iriyāpatha (m) posture.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 22
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
iva (indec) like, as.isi (m) sage, hermit.issara (m) ruler.iha (indec) here.
[ u ]
ukkā (f) torch.ukkāsati (v) coughs, clears the throat.ukkujjati (v) turns up.ukkhipati (v) raises up, throws up.uggaṇhāti (v) learns, studies.uggaṇhitukāma (adj) willing to learn.ugghoseti (v) shouts.ucca (adj) high, tall.uccaṭṭhāna (n) high position.uccināti (v) selects.ucchindati (v) cuts off, breaks up, destroys.ucchu (m) sugarcane.uju (adj) straight.uṭṭhahati (v) rises, stands up.uṭṭhāpeti (v) raises, awakens.uḍḍeti (v) flies.uṇha (adj) hot.utuguṇa (m) climate.uttama (adj) highest, greatest.uttamaṅgaruha (m) hair [on the head].uttara (adj) northern.uttaritara (adj) higher, nobler.uttariṃ (adv) further.
uttāna (adj) shallow.udaka (n) water.udadhi (m) ocean, sea.udaya (m) increase, rise.udara (n) stomach.udariya (n) undigested food.udeti (v) [the sun or moon] rises.uddhaṃ (indec) zenith.uddhaṃpāda (adj) feet upward.upakaraṇa (n) thing.upakāra (m) help.upakkama (m) means, expedient, attack, plan.upacināti (v) collects, gathers.upajjhāya (m) preceptor [to a monk].upaṭṭhāka (m) servitor.upaṭṭhāti (v) approaches.upatthambheti (v) helps.upadhāreti (v) looks out for.upanagara (n) suburb.upanagaraṃ (adv) near the town.upanayhati (v) wraps, twists round.upanisīdati (v) sits near.upanissāya (abs) depending on, close by.upaneti (v) brings up, presents.upaparikkhati (v) examines, enquires, inspects.upabbajati (v) visits.upamāna (n) comparison.upari (adv) up, over, on top, overhead.uparima (adj) uppermost.upalimpeti (v) bedaubs.
upavattati (v) takes place.upavāda (m) blaming, finding fault.upasaṅkamati (v) approaches, draws near.upasampadā (f) [higher] ordination.upasampādeti (v) ordains.upasevati (v) takes [medicine].upasevanā (f) keeping company, pursuit.upassaya (m) house.upāgacchati (v) approaches, comes to, arrives at, reaches.upāyakusala (adj) clever.upāsaka (m) devotee, layman.upāsikā (f) female devotee.upāhana (m) sandals.uposathakamma (n) keeping of the Uposatha, obervance of eight precepts.uppakkamati (v) strives, plans.uppajjati (v) is born, arises.uppaṭṭhāna (n) attending, nursing.uppala (n) water-lily.uppādeti (v) makes, obtains.ubhaya (pron/adj) both.ubhayathā (adv) in both ways.ummagga (m) wrong path, a tunnel.uyyāna (n) park, pleasance.uyyānapāla (m) gardener.uyyānabhūmi (f) park, garden.uyyojeti (v) sends away.ura (m*) breast.uraga (m) serpent.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 23
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
ussava (m) festival.ussahati (v) tries, attempts, strives, endeavours.ussāraṇā (f) causing to move back.uḷunka (m) ladle.
[ e ]
ek'evā (indec) each.eka (pron/adj) one, certain.ekaka (adj) single, alone.ekakkhattuṃ (adv) once.ekakkhika (adj) one-eyed.ekacca (adj) some.ekato (adv) together.ekattha (adv) in one place.ekadā (adv) one day, once.ekadhā (adv) in one way.ekamantaṃ (adv) aside, on one side.ekameka (pron) each one.ekaṃsena (adv) in all probability.ekībhāvam-upaneti (v) unites.ekeka (adj) one by one.eta (pron) this, that.etad ahosi (phrase) this [thought] arose [in him].eti (v) comes.ettaka (adj) this much.ettha (adv) here.eva (adv) surely, so, only.evam eva (phrase) just so.evam evaṃ (phrase) just so.
evaṃ (adv) thus, as follows, so, yes.evarūpa (adj) such, of this sort.eḷamūga (m) idiot.
[ o ]
okāsa (m) space, room, place.okirati (v) strews.okkamati (v) descends, leaves [the road].ocināti (v) gathers [together], collects.oja (m*) splendour.ojavanta (adj) rich in sap, nourishing.otarati (v) gets down.otāra (m) chance, fault.odana (m) cooked rice.odhi (m) limit.onamati (v) bends down.obhāsa (m) lustre, light.omuñcati (v) takes off [shoes, etc.], removes, unfastens.oruhati (v) descends.orodha (m) harem.olambati (v) hangs.oloketi (v) looks at, watches.ovadati (v) admonishes.ovaraka (m) apartment, inner chamber.osāne (loc) finally.
[ k ]
ka (pron) who?
kakkhaḷa (adj) cruel.kaṅkhā (f) doubt.kacavara (m) refuse.kacchapa (m) tortoise, turtle.kacchu (f) itch.kañcuka (m) mantle.kaññā (f) girl, maiden, young woman.kaṭacchu (m) spoon.koṭṭhaka (m) an enclosure, a closet.kaṇiṭṭha (adj) youngest.kaṇeru (f) she-elephant.katama (pron/adj) which [of the many].katara (pron/adj) which [of the two].katidhā (adv) in how many ways?katipaya (adj) few [distributive].kattar (m) doer, maker, builder, author.kattha (adv) where?kathaṃ (adv) how? in what way?kathā (f) speech, sermon.katheti (v) tells, says, speaks, talks, answers.kadalī (f) plantain; pennant.kadā (adv) when?kanaka (n) gold.kantati (v) spins.kantāra (m) desert.kandati (v) cries aloud.kapi (m) monkey.kappa (m) an aeon.kappeti (v) caparisons.kama (n) course, order.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 24
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
kampati (v) shakes.kambala (m,n) [woollen] blanket.kamma (n) action, deed.kammakāra (n) worker, labourer.kammakkhaya (m) exhaustion of karma.kammaja (m) arisen through a previous action.kammaṭṭhāna (n) topic for meditation.kammanta (m) business, work.karaṇḍa (m) casket.karī (m) elephant.karuṇā (f) compassion.karoti (v) does, acts, performs, builds.kavi (m) poet.kasati (v) ploughs.kasana (ger) ploughing.kasmā (adv) why?kassaka (m) farmer.kahāpaṇa (m) florin, coin.kāka (m) crow.kākī (f) she-crow.kāṇa (adj) blind [in one eye].kāma (m) sensual pleasure. (suffix/adj) desirous.kāmatā (f) desire.kāmaṃ (indec) surely.kāya (m) body.kāyika (adj) bodily.kāraka (m) builder.kāraṇa (n) reason.kāriya (n) work.kāretar (m) one who causes to do.
kāla (m) time.kālass'eva (indec) early.kālaṃ karoti (v) dies.kāsāva (n) orange-coloured garment, monk's robe.kāsu (f) pit.kāḷa (adj) black.kikī (f) blue jay.kicca (n) work, business.kiñci (indec) something.kiṇāti (v) buys.kittaka (adj) how much.kitti (f) fame.kiṃ su (indec) an interrogative particle.kira (narrative) you know.kilañja (m) mat.kilanta (adj) weary.kīḷati (v) plays.kukkuṭī (f) hen.kucchi (m) belly.kuñjara (m) elephant.kuṭṭha (n) leprosy.kuṭṭhī (m) leper.kuṇi (adj) crooked-handed, having a paralysed arm.kuṇḍikā (f) pitcher.kuto (adv) from where?kudācanaṃ (indec) sometimes. [na kudācanaṃ = never]kuppati (v) is angry.kubbati (v) does.kumāra (m) boy, prince.
kumārī (f) girl, princess, damsel.kumuda (n) white water-lily.kumbha (m) pot.kumbhakāra (m) potter.kumbhaghosaka (m) name of a person.kula (n) family, caste, household.kulaparivaṭṭa (n) generation.kulaputta (m) clansman, son of a respectable family.kulavantu (adj) of high caste.kusa (m) a kind of fragrant grass.kusala (n) good, meritorious deed.[upāya-]kusala (adj) clever.kuhaṃ (adv) where?kuhiṃ (adv) where?kūjati (v) sings [of birds].kūṭa (m) mass, heap.kūpa (m) well.kūla (n) bank [of a river, etc.]ketu (m) banner.kesa (m) hair.kesadhātu (f) hair-relic.kesava (adj) having much hair.kokila (m) cuckoo.koci (indec) whoever, someone.koṭi (num) crore = 10 million.kodha (m) anger.kosalla (n) cleverness.koḷambanagara (m) Colombo.
[ kh ]
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 25
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
khajja (n) hard food.khajjopanaka (m) fire-fly.khaṇa (m) moment.khaṇati (v) digs.khaṇḍa (m) piece.khattiya (adj) of warrior caste.khanti (f) patience.khandha (m) shoulder. aggregate, great mass, trunk [of a tree].khandhāvāra (m) camp.khara (adj) rough, coarse.khalu (indec) indeed.khāṇu (m) stump.khādati (v) eats.khinnacitta (adj) disappointed.khipati (v) throws, casts, hurls.khippaṃ (adv) quickly.khīṇasava (m) saint.khīra (n) milk.khīrapāyāsa (m) meal of rice-milk.khīrapāyin (m) mammal, one who drinks milk.khudā (f) hunger, famine.khuddaka (adj) small.khetta (n) field.kheda (m) despair.kho (indec) indeed.
[ g ]
gaṅgā (f) river.gacchati (v) goes.gajjati (v) roars.gaṇa (m) crowd, sect.gaṇikā (f) courtesan.gaṇī (m) one who has a following.gaṇhāti (v) takes.gantar (m) goer.gantukāma (adj) anxious to go.ganthakāra (m) author of a book.ganthāvali (f) literature.gandha (m) smell, fragrance, odour.gandhodaka (n) scented water.gabbha (m) chamber.gamana (n) going, walking.gamanamagga (n) the path that is to be gone.gambhīra (adj) deep.garahati (v) despises.garu (m) teacher.garukaroti (v) pays reverence.garugabbhā (f) pregnant.gavesati (v) seeks.gahana (n) taking, holding.gahapati (m) householder.gāthā (f) verse.gāma (m) village.gāmavāsī (m) villager.gāmika (n) villager, peasant.gāyati (v) sings.gārava (m) respect, homage, reverence, heaviness.
gāravaṃ dassetuṃ (phrase) to pay homage.gāravena (ins) in homage.gāvī (f) cow.gāha (m) taking.gāhaka (m) taker, bearer.gāhāpaka (m) one who causes to take.gimhika (adj) suited for the summer.giri (m) mountain, hill.gilāna (adj) sick [person].gilānūpama (adj) similar to a patient.gihī (m) layman.gīta (n) song, hymn, singing.gīvā (f) neck.guṇa (m) virtue.guṇavantu (adj) virtuous.gumbantara (n) enclosure [of trees].guhā (f) cave.gelañña (n) sickness.geha (m,n) house, building.go (m) cattle.gocara (m) food, object.goṇa (m) ox, bull.godhā (f) iguana.gopānasī (f) roof-gable.gopuraṭṭha (adj) stood on the gate-tower.gopeti (v) guards, protects.
[ gh ]
ghaṭa (m) water-pot.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 26
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
ghata (n) ghee.ghanaṃ (adv) thickly.ghara (n) house.gharāvāsa (m) household life.ghātika (adj) mixed with ghee.ghāna (n) nose.ghāyati (v) smell.
[ c ]
ca (conj, enclitic) and, also.cakka (n) wheel.cakkamagga (m) track of a wheel.cakkavattī (m) universal monarch.cakkāyudha (n) sceptre-javelin.cakkumantu (adj) possessor of eyes.cakkhu (n) eye.cajati (v) abandons.catu (num) four.catuttha (adj) fourth.catuppada (adj) quadruped, that which has four feet.catubbidha (adj) fourfold.canda (m) moon.candana (n) sandal-wood.camarī (m) the yak.camma (n) skin.carati (v) walks, travels.carapurisa (m) spy.carita (n) living, life, wandering.cavati (v) passes away.
cāga (m) charity, leaving, forsaking.cārikaṃ carati (v) travels.cārikā (f) wandering, journey.citta (n) mind.cittaṃ karoti (v) makes up the mind.cittaṃ paṇidahati (v) makes up the mind.cintayati (v) thinks.cintā (f) thought.cinteti (v) thinks.ciraṃ (adv) for a long time.ce (conj, enclitic) if.ceta (m*) thought.cetiya (n) shrine, pagoda.cetiyaṅgaṇa (n) platform around a shrine.cetopasāda (m) gratification.cuṇṇeti (v) powders.cora (m) thief, robber, bandit.coreti (v) steals.
[ ch ]
cha (num) six.chaṭṭha (adj) sixth.chaḍḍeti (v) throws away.chaṇa (m) festival.chatta (n) umbrella.chattagāhin (m) bearer of an umbrella.chattī (m) possessor of an umbrella.chanda (m*) metrics.chavi (f) upper skin.
chaḷabhiññāppatta (adj) one who has attained the six supernatural powers.chādeti (v) covers, conceals.chāyā (f) shadow, shade.chindati (v) cuts.chettar (m) cutter.cheda (m) loss.
[ j ]
jaṅghā (f) calf of the leg shank.jaṭā (f) plaiting.jaṭiya (m) ascetic.jaṭila (m) ascetic.jaṇṇu (n) knee.jaṇṇumatta (adj) knee-deep.jatu (n) sealing wax.jana (m) person, people.janatā (f) populace.janapada (m) country, territory, province, district.jambudīpa (m) India.jayaggāhaka (adj) conquering.jayati (v) conquers, is victorious.jarā (f) decay.jala (n) water.jalati (v) blazes, shines, burns.jahati (v) leaves, abandons.jahāti (v) leaves, abandons.jalaṭṭha (m) situated in or on the water.java (m) speed.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 27
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
jāti (f) species, class.jānapadika (m) peasant.jānāti (v) knows.jānu (n) knee.jāyati (v) arises, is born.jāyā (f) wife.jālika (m) one who lives by fishing with a net.jāleti (v) kindles, lights.jina (m) victor.jināti (v) conquers, wins.jivhā (f) tongue.jīvati (v) lives.jīvikaṃ kappeti (phrase) gains a livelihood.jīvita (n) life.jeṭṭha (adj) elder.jeti (v) conquers.jetar (m) victor, winner, conqueror.jotati (v) glows.
[ jh ]
jhāna (n) trance, meditation.jhāpeti (v) burns over, sets on fire.jhāma (adj) charred.jhāyati (v) ponders.
[ ñ ]
ñāṇa (n) wisdom.ñātar (n) knower.
ñāti (m) relation.
[ ṭh ]
ṭhapeti (v) keeps, places, sets up, fixes.ṭhāna (n) place.ṭhānaso (adv) according to the place or cause.
[ ḍ ]
ḍasati (v) bites.
[ t ]
ta (pron) that.takkika (m) logician.taṇḍula (m,n) rice (uncooked).taṇḍulika (m) rice merchant.taṇhā (f) lust, thirst.tata'eva (indec) similarly.tatiya (adj) third.tato (adv) from there.tato nidānam (phrase) on that account, through that.tato paṭṭhāya (phrase) thence, since then.tattaka (adj) same amount.tatth'eva (adv) on the spot.tattha (adv) there, in that state.tattha tattha (phrase) here and there.tatra (adv) there.tath'eva (indec) likewise.
tathā (adv) just so, so that, like that, in that way.tathā pi (indec) but, but perhaps.tathāgata (m) the Buddha.tad eva (phrase) same thing.tadā (adv) then.tanoti (v) expands.tantavāya (m) weaver.tapati (v) shines.tapa (m*) religious austerity.tapassī (m) hermit.tapodhana (m) monk.tama (m*) darkness.tamonuda (adj) dispelling darkness.tamba (m) brass.tambūla (n) betel [leaf].taya (n) triad.tarati (v) crosses.taru (m) tree.taruṇī (f) young woman.tala (n) level.tasmā (indec) therefore.tahaṃ (adv) there.tahiṃ (adv) there.tāta (m) dear son or father.tāpasa (m) hermit.tāpasī (f) female hermit.tāpeti (v) heats.tārakā (f) star.tālapaṇṇa (n) palmyra leaf, ola.tālavana (n) palmyra grove.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 28
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
tāva (indec) till then, so long.tāvataka (adj) that much.tāḷa (m) music.ti (num) three.tika (n) triad.tiṭṭhati (v) stands, remains, stays, waits.tiṇa (n) grass.titti (f) satisfaction.titthiya (m) heretical teacher.tipiṭakapāḷi (f) the text of the Buddhist Canon.tipu (n) lead.tiriyaṃ (adv) across.tiro (adv) across.tiṃsati (num) thirty.tīra (n) bank.tuṭṭha (adj) glad.tuṭṭhi (f) pleasure.tuṭṭho bhava (voc) be merry.tuṇḍa (n) beak.tuṇḍila (m) pecker.tuṇhī bhavati (v) keeps silence.tutta (n) a pike for guiding an elephant.turita-turitam (adv) quickly.turiyabhaṇḍa (n) musical instrument.tulā (f) scale, balance.teja (m*) heat, power.tejassī (adj) brilliant, powerful.tena kho pana samayena (phrase) at that time.tena hi (indec) therefore.temeti (v) gets wet.
tela (n) oil.telappadīpa (m) oil lamp.telika (m) dealer in oil.
[ th ]
thanapa (m) infant.thambha (m) pillar.thala (n) land.thalaja (m) born or arisen on the land.thalaṭṭha (m) situated or living on the land.thāma (m*) strength.thāmadassī (m) one who knows his strength.thāla (n) dish, plate.thuti (f) praise.thera (m) elder, senior monk.thoka (adj) a little, smallthokaṃ (adv) a little.thometi (v) praises.
[ d ]
dakkhiṇa (adj) right, southern.daṇḍa (m) staff.daṇḍaka (m) twig.daṇḍadīpikā (f) torch.daṇḍa-parāyaṇa (adj) leaning on a staff.dadāti (v) gives.daddu (f) eczema.dadhi (n) curd.
danta (m) tusk.dantakaṭṭha (n) toothbrush, a stick to cleanse teeth.danta-kalyāṇa (n) splendour of teeth.dantadhātu (f) tooth relic.dantī (m) elephant.dabba (n) material.damiḷa-rājan (m) Tamil king.dameti (v) subdues.dayā (f) kindness.dayālu (adj) compassionate.dasa (num) ten.dasama (adj) tenth.dassana (n) seeing, sight.dassanīya (adj) beautiful, handsome.dahara (adj) young.daḷidda (adj) poor.daḷha (adj) tight, firm.daḷhaṃ (adv) tightly, strictly.dāṭhā (f) tusk.dāṭhī (m) tusker.dātar (m) giver.dāna (n) charity, alms.dānadāya (m) alms-giver.dānapati (m) liberal donor, philanthrophist.dāpeti (v) gives.dāpetu (m) one who causes to give.dāma (m) wreath.dāyaka (n) giver, donor.dāyāda (m) inheritance.dāra (m) wife.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 29
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
dāraka (m) boy, child, baby.dārikā (f) girl.dāru (n) firewood, wood, timber.dārumaya (adj) wooden.dāsa (m) slave, servant.dāsī (f) slave woman.dāḷiddiya (n) poverty.diguṇa (adj) twofold.dija (m) bird, brahman [lit. twice-born].dijagaṇa (m) flock of bird.dinakara (m) sun, maker of the day.dinnasuṅka (m) tax officer.dibba (adj) divine, celestial.dibbati (v) plays.dibbasampatti (f) heavenly bliss.divasa (m) day.disā (f) direction, quarter.disāpāmokkha (adj) famed far and wide, eminent in a district.dissati (v) appears.dīgha (adj) long.dīghajīvī (m) possessor of a long life.dīpa (m) island, lamp.dīpi (m) leopard, tiger.duccarita (n) vice, bad conduct.dukkara (adj) difficult to do.dukkha (n) suffering, trouble, pain, misery.dukkhaṃ (adv) with difficulty, miserably.dukkhita (adj) poor, weary.duggandha (m) bad smell.
duṭṭha (adj) wicked, evil.dutiya (adj) second.duddasa (adj) difficult to see.dundubhi (f) drum.dubbaṇṇa (adj) ugly.dubbala (adj) feeble, weak.dubbhikkha (n) scarcity of food, famine.duma (m) tree.dumagga (n) treetop.dullabha (adj) rare, difficult to get.duvidha (adj) of two kinds.dussa (n) cloth.dussati (v) vexes.dussīla (adj) of bad character.duhitu (f) daughter.dūta (m) envoy, messenger.dūrato (indec) from afar.dūraṃ (adv) far.dūseti (v) corrupts.deti (v) gives.deva (m) god, deity, sire.devatā (f) deity.devadūta (m) heavenly messenger.devasika (adj) daily.devāyatana (n) temple.devī (f) queen, goddess.desanā (f) discourse, preaching.deseti (v) preaches.dehanissita (adj) connected with the body.doṇi (f) boat.
dolā (f) palanquin.dovārika (m) gate-keeper.dosa (m) fault, misdeed.dohaḷa (m) longing [of a pregnant woman].dvaya (n) pair.dvādasa (num) twelve.dvāra (n) door, gate.dvi (num) two.dvika (n) pair.dvikkhattuṃ (adv) twice.dvidhā (adv) into two.dve vāre (acc, plural) twice.dvedhā (adv) in two.
[ dh ]
dhaja (m) streamer, banner.dhañña (n) corn.dhaññaphala (n) harvest.dhaññamāya (m) measurer of corn.dhana (n) wealth.dhanavantu (adj) rich, wealthy, well-to-do.dhanu (n) bow.dhanuggaha (m) archer.dhanena (ins) in point of wealth.dhamma (m) doctrine, norm.dhammakathika (m) preacher.dhamma-cakkhu (m) eye of wisdom.dhammacārī (m) observer of the Dhamma.dhammaṭṭha (adj) righteous.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 30
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
dhammadesanā (f) religious discourse.dhammadhara (m) learned in the doctrine.dhammarāja (m) king of righteousness.dhammavādin (m) preacher, righteous person.dhamma-vinaya (m) doctrine and discipline.dhammasangīti (f) rehearsal of the Dhamma.dhammāsana (n) pulpit.dhammika (adj) righteous.dhaṃsati (v) falls from, sinks down.dhātu (f) element, relic.dhārā (f) blade.dhāreti (v) knows by heart, bears.dhāvati (v) runs.dhītu (f) daughter.dhuṇāti (v) shakes, destroys.dhura (n) office, responsibility.dhuvaṃ (adv) [is] sure.dhūli (f) dust.dhenu (f) cow [of any kind].dhovati (v) washes.dhovana (n) washing.
[ n ]
na kiñci (indec) naught.na koci (indec) nobody.na cirass'eva (phrase) shortly after.nagara (n) city, town.nagaravāsī (m) citizen.nagga (adj) naked.
naṅgala (n) plough.naṅguṭṭha (n) tail.nacca (n) dance.naccati (v) dances.nattu (m) grandson.nadī (f) river.nandana (n) rejoicing.nabha (m*) sky, air.namassati (v) bows down.nayati (v) leads.nara (m) man.nava (num) nine. (adj) fresh.navakathā (f) novel.navaṅga (adj) that which has nine divisions.navappabandha (m) novel.navama (adj) ninth.nahāyati (v) bathes.nahuta (n) ten thousand.nāga (m) elephant.nāgara (m) citizen.nāginda (m) nāga chief.nāṭakitthī (f) dancing-girl.nāṭikā (f) female musician.nātha (m) lord. (adj) able.nānappakāra (adj) of various kinds.nānā (adv) separately. (indec) various.nānāvaṇṇa (adj) multi-coloured, of various colours.nānāsattha (n) various sciences.nānāsippa (n) various arts.nāma (n) name. (indec) indeed.
nāyaka (m) leader.nārī (f) woman.nāvā (f) ship.nāvika (m) sailor.nāsā (f) nose.nāsikā (f) nose.nāḷi (f) corn-measure.nāḷikera (m,n) coconut.nikāya (m) sect.nikāyattaya (n) three sections or sects.nikūjati (v) chirps, warbles.nikkujjati (v) turns down.nikkhamati (v) departs, sets forth, comes out of, goes out.nikhanati (v) digs.nikhila (adj) whole.nikhilavijjālaya (m) university.nigacchati (v) goes down to, undergoes, suffers.nigaṇṭha (m) naked ascetic.niggata (adj) departing from.nigrodha (m) Banyan tree.nicaya (m) heaping up, a heap.nidahati (v) deposits.niddā (f) sleep.nidhi (m) hidden treasure.nindati (v) despises.nipajjati (v) lies down.nipuṇa (adj) clever.nibaddhaṃ (adv) always.nibbattati (v) is born.nibbatteti (v) produces.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 31
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
nibbāṇa (n) the summum bonum of the Buddhists.nibbindati (v) becomes disgusted [with locative].nimanteti (v) invites.nimittapāṭhaka (m) soothsayer.nimmala (adj) stainless.nimmināti (v) creates.niyāmeti (v) assigns, allots.niyuttaka-purisa (m) officer-in-charge.niyojeti (v) commissions.niyyāti (v) goes out.niyyānika (adj) leading to [salvation].niraya (m) hell.niravasesa (adj) entire.nirupaddava (adj) free from danger.niroga (adj) healthy.nivāseti (v) wears, dresses.nivesana (n) house, lodging, dwelling.nisākara (m) moon.nisinnaka (adj) sitting.nisīdati (v) sits, stays.nissāya (indec) on account of, close to, concerning.nissitaka (adj) dependent.nisseṇī (f) ladder.nīca (adj) inferior, low, vulgar.nīcapurisa (m) dwarf, vulgar man.nītigantha (m) law-book.nīla (adj) blue.nīvaraṇa (n) hindrance to the progress of the mind.nīharati (v) ejects, takes out.nu (indec) [interrogative particle]
nūnam (adv) certainly.neka-koṭisata (adj) counted by many crores.neti (v) carries, leads.netar (m) leader.nepuñña (n) skill, experience.nerayika (m) inhabitant of hell.no ce (indec) else.
[ p ]
pakāseti (v) expresses, declares, makes known, manifests.pakka (adj) ripe.pakkamati (v) goes forth/away.pakkosati (v) summons, calls near.pakkhāleti (v) washes.pakkhipati (v) puts in, throws in.pakkhī (m) bird.paggaṇhāti (v) raises up, holds out.paṅka (m) mud.paṅkaja (m) lotus.paṅkeruha (n) lotus.pacati (v) cooks.pacana (n) cooking.paccakkhaṃ (adv) face to face.paccantima (adj) remote.paccassosi (v) replied.paccāgacchati (v) goes back, returns.paccājāta (adj) reborn.paccuggamanaṃ karoti (phrase) goes forth to meet.
paccuṭṭheti (v) rises from the seat.paccuttaram adāsi (v) replied.paccupaṭṭhāpeti (v) retains, regains.pacchato (indec) behind.pacchā (adv) afterwards.pacchābhattaṃ (indec) afternoon [lit. after the meal].pacchāsamaṇa (m) attendant [monk].pacchima (adj) western, last.pacchimayāma (m) last watch.pacchimābhimukha (adj) facing the west.pajahati (v) leaves.pajānāti (v) knows clearly.pañca (num) five.pañcadhā (adv) in five ways.pañcama (adj) fifth.pañcaso (adv) five by five.pañña (adj) wise.paññā (f) wisdom.paññavantu (adj) wise.paññāvuddhi (f) increase of wisdom.paññāsā (num) fifty.pañha (m) question.paṭikkamati (v) goes back, steps backwards, retreats.paṭikkūla (adj) disgusting.paṭikkhipati (v) refuses.paṭigaṇhāti (v) accepts.paṭicca (indec) on account of, following upon [with acc.].paṭicchādeti (v) clothes.paṭijaggati (v) looks after.paṭijānāti (v) promises.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 32
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
paṭiññā (f) consent, promise.paṭinivattati (v) returns, goes back.paṭinissajati (v) gives up.paṭipajjati (v) practises.paṭipāṭi (f) order.paṭipāṭiyā (adv) in succession.paṭipāṭiyā ṭhatvā (phrase) ranging in order.paṭibhāti (v) dawns on, comes to one's mind.paṭiyādeti (v) prepares, makes ready.paṭirāja (m) hostile king.paṭilabhati (v) attains, wins, regains.paṭivacana (n) reply.paṭivacanaṃ dadāti (v) answers.paṭivasati (v) stays.paṭivāte (loc) against the wind.paṭivijjhati (v) penetrates.paṭivedeti (v) informs.paṭivedha (m) attainment, insight.paṭisaṅkharoti (v) repairs.paṭisāmeti (v) puts in order.paṭisotaṃ (adv) against the current.paṭissuṇāti (v) assents, [replies].paṭu (adj) sharp, clever.paṭṭa (m) cloth.[-kālato] paṭṭhāya (indec) since.paṭhama (adj) first.paṭhamaṃ (adv) first.paṭhavi (f) earth.paṭhavojā (f) savoury earth.paṇidahati (v) longs for, aspires to.
paṇīta (adj) delicious, sweet, high.paṇḍicca (n) scholarship, erudition.paṇḍita (adj) wise.paṇḍitācariya (m) professor.paṇṇa (n) leaf.paṇṇasālā (f) leaf hut.paṇṇākāra (m) present.patati (v) falls, falls down.patākā (f) flag.pati (m) husband, master.patikula (n) husband's family.patigaṇhāti (v) receives, takes in.patiṭṭhāpeti (v) establishes, locates.patidinaṃ (adv) daily.patipucchati (v) asks again.patirūpa (adj) befitting, suitable, resembling, disguised as.patirūpaka (m) imposter.patta (n) [alms-] bowl, leaf.pattagāha (m) bearer of a bowl.patta-cīvara (n) bowl and robe.patti (f) infantry.pattika (m) infantry.patthanā (f) aspiration, wish.pattharati (v) spreads.patthitaṭṭhāna (n) destination.patthodana (m) a pasata measuring of rice.patha (m) path.pathika (m) traveller.pada (n) foot, word.
padakkhiṇā (f) circumambulation, going round.padaso (adv) word by word.padika (m) pedestrian.padīpa (m) lamp, light.paduma (n) lotus.padesa (m) province, district.padhaṃsiya (adj) violated.padhāna (adj) chief, foremost.pana (indec) but, yet, moreover.panasa (m,n) jackfruit.panti (f) line, class.panthaghātaka (m) highwayman.pannā (f) wisdom.pappoti (v) attains, comes.pabodheti (v) awakens.pabbajati (v) leaves the household life, becomes a monk.pabbajita (m) monk, recluse. (adj) ecclesiastical.pabbajjā (f) renunciation, ordination of a monk.pabbajjāsamaya (m) time to become a monk.pabbata (m) mountain, rock.pabbatarāji (f) range of hills.pabhaṇkara (m) sun.pabhavati (v) begins, springs from.pabhā (f) light.pabhāseti (v) brightens.pabhū (m) overlord.pamajjati (v) neglects.pamāṇa (n) measure, length.paya (m*) milk, water.payirupāsati (v) attends on, keeps company with.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 33
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
payojayati (v) performs, engages in, employs, carries on [business].payojāna (n) need.payonidhi (m) ocean.para (pron/adj) other, the latter.parakkama (m) exertion, strife.parakkamati (v) strives, makes an effort.[andha-] paramparā (f) string [of blind].paraṃ (adv) after.paraloka (m) other world.parasuve (adv) day after tomorrow.parahīyo (adv) day before yesterday.parājaya (m) defeat.parājeti (v) vanquishes, overcomes.parābhava (m) ruin, disgrace.parāmasati (v) touches, deals with.parikkhipati (v) encircles.parikkhepa (m) encircling.paricarati (v) serves, attends.paricāraka (adj) attendant.paricārikā (f) maid.pariccājati (v) gives up.paricchindati (v) marks out, makes a limit.parijana (m) servant.parijānāti (v) knows perfectly.paridahati (v) wears.paridevati (v) weeps.paridhāvati (v) runs around.paridhāvana (ger) running about.parinibbāti (v) finally passes away.
parinibbāna (n) final passing away.paribbaya (m) provision, cost.paribbājaka (m) wandering ascetic.paribhāsati (v) abuses, reviles.paribhuñjati (v) partakes.pariyaṭaka (m) pilgrim.pariyāya (m) method, manner, synonym.pariyesati (v) seeks, hunts.pariyodapanā (f) cleansing, purification.parivajjeti (v) avoids, removes.parivattati (v) rolls, turns around.parivatteti (v) translates.parivāra (m) following.parivāritthī (f) attendant woman.parivāreti (v) surrounds.parivisati (v) feeds, serves while eating.parisamantato (indec) round and round.parisā (f) company, following, retinue.parisodheti (v) cleanses.pariharati (v) uses, bears.parihāyati (v) decreases, dwindles.parodati (v) weeps.palāyati (v) flees.palāla (n) straw.paluddha-bhāva (m) allurement.pallaṅka (m) cross-legged posture, couch, sofa.pavatti (f) news, report.pavattati (v) lasts.pavisati (v) enters.pavedana (n) announcement.
pavedhati (v) totters, trembles.pasattha (adj) excellent.pasanna (adj) clear, joyful.pasaṃsati (v) praises.pasayha (abs) by force, forcibly.pasāda (m) devotion, love.pasādeti (v) gladdens.pasibbaka (m) purse.pasīdati (v) becomes clear or glad.pasu (m) beast.passa (m, n) side.passati (v) sees, views, looks at, beholds.pahaṭāvakāsa (adj) obstructed, being not given a place.paharati (v) beats, strikes, hits.pahiṇati (v) sends.pahūtajivha (m) one whose tongue is broader than others.pahoti (v) is able.pāka (m) cooking.pākaṭa (adj) well-known, manifest.pākaṭatama (adj) most famous.pākāra (m) rampart.pācana (n) goad.pājeti (v) drives.pāṭaliputta (n) Patna.pāṭihāriya (n) miracle.pāṭava (n) dexterity, expertness.pāṭhasālā (f) school.pāṇaka (m) living being, insect.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 34
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
pāṇi (m) hand.pāṇī (m) being.pāteti (v) fells, drops down.pātukāma (adj) wishing to drink.pāturahosi (v) manifested.pāto (adv) in the morning.pāto'va (indec) early.pātheyya (n) provision for a journey.pāda (m) leg, foot.pādika (m) pedestrian.pāna (m) drink.pānaka (n) syrup.pānīya (n) drink.pāpa (n) sin, evil. (adj) sinful.pāpakārin (m) evil-doer, sinner.pāpuṇāti (v) attains, comes to.pāmojja (n) joy.pālaka (m) protector.pālana (n) protection, observation.pāletar (m) protector.pāleti (v) protects, governs.pāvaka (m) fire.pāsa (m) snare.pāsāṇa (m) rock, stone.pāsāda (m) palace, mansion, building.pāsādika (adj) lovely.pi (conj) too.piṇḍa (m) alms.piṭṭha (n) surface.pitu (m) father.
pitusantaka (adj) paternal, belonging to father.pidahati (v) closes.pidhāna (n) lid.pipāsā (f) thirst.piya (adj) beloved, dear.piyāyaka (m) lover.pivati (v) drinks.piḷandhati (v) dons, adorns.pīṭha (n) chair.pīta (adj) yellow.pīti (f) delight, pleasure.pīḷeti (v) oppresses, teases.puggala (m) person.pucchati (v) asks.pucchā (f) question.puñña (n) merit, good action.puññakamma (n) meritorious deed.puññakkhaya (m) exhaustion of merit.puññavantu (adj) fortunate.puṇḍarīka (n) white lotus.puṇṇa (adj) full.puṇṇacanda (m) full-moon.puṇṇanadī (f) overflowing river.puṇṇamī (f) full moon day.putta (m) son.puthujjana (m) unconverted person.puna (adv) again.punappunaṃ (adv) again and again.punabbhava (m) rebirth.puppha (n) flower.
pubba (pron/adj) former, eastern.pubbaṇha (m) forenoon.pubbe viya (phrase) as before.pubbenivāsa (m) former life/lives.puman (m) male.pura (n) town, city.purakkharoti (v) has in front, looks at.purato (prep) in the front of, before.puratthābhimukha (adj) with the face towards the east.puratthima (adj) eastern.purā (adv) formerly, in former days, previously, in olden days.purātana (adj) belonging to olden days, old.purima (adj) former, first.purisa (m) man.pure (indec) formerly.puretaraṃ (adv) beforehand.pulina (n) sand.puṃgava (m) the chief bull.pūjā (f) offering.pūjeti (v) offers, respects, honours.pūti (adj) putrid, foul.pūreti (v) fills.pema (m/n) love.pemanīya (adj) dear.peseti (v) sends, dispatches.pokkharaṇī (f) pond.potaka (m) young one.potthaka (m) book.potthakālaya (m) library.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 35
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
potheti (v) dashes, hits, strikes.porisa (adj) manual.posāvānika (n) fee for bringing [somebody] up.poseti (v) supports, brings up.
[ ph ]
pharati (v) suffuses, diffuses.pharasu (m) axe.phala (n) fruit.phalavantu (adj) fruitful.phalika (m) crystal.phāṇita-khaṇda (m) a crystal of candy, piece of juggery.pheṇa (n) foam.pheṇila (adj) frothy.
[ b ]
bajjhati (v) becomes bound.bandhati (v) binds, ties, confines.bandhana (n) bond, binding, confinement.bandhava (m) kinsman, relative.bandhu (m) relation, kinsman, relative.bandhumantu (adj) with many relations.bala (n) power, strength, force, army.balakkāra (m) force.balada (adj) giver of strength.balavantu (adj) powerful.balisa (n) fish hook.balī (m) a powerful person.
bavhābādha (adj) much ailing, sickly.bahi (adv) outside.bahinagaraṃ (adv) outside the town.bahu (adj) many, much.bahuka (adj) many, much.bahukkhattuṃ (adv) many times.bahudhā (adv) in many ways.bahuso (adv) in many ways, almost.bahussuta (adj) much learned.bāla (adj) foolish, young. (m) fool.bālisika (m) fisherman.bāhā (f) arm.bāhu (m) arm.bujjhati (v) knows, understands, is convinced.Buddha (m) the Enlightened One.buddhatta (n) enlightenment.buddhapamukha (adj) with Buddha at its head.buddhasāsana (n) Buddhism.buddhāsana (n) seat for the Buddha.buddhimantu (adj) intelligent, wise.buddhuppāda (m) time when a Buddha appears.bodhi (m) Bo tree.bodhisatta (m) a being destined to attain Buddhahood.brahmacariyaṃ carati (phrase) leads a holy life.brahmacariyā (f) celibacy.brahmaṇa (m) brahmin.brāhmaṇī (f) brahmin woman.
[ bh ]
bhagavantu (adj) the Blessed/Exalted One, fortunate.bhaginī (f) sister.bhañjati (v) breaks.bhaṭa (m) soldier.bhaṇe (indec) "I say".bhaṇḍa (n) goods, ware, thing.bhaṇḍāgārika (m) treasurer.bhatta (n) food, meal, rice.bhatti (f) devotion.bhattar (m) husband, supporter.bhadra (adj) good, worthy.bhante (voc) Reverend Sir, Lord.bhaya (n) fear.bhayadassāvin (m) one who sees danger.bharati (v) supports.bharavāhī (adj) bearer of a burden.bhariyā (f) wife.bhava (m) existence.bhavati (v) verb to be, becomes.bhavana (n) becoming, mansion.bhāga (m) piece, portion.bhāgineyya (m) sister's son, nephew.bhāgineyyī (f) sister's daughter, neice.bhāgī (m) sharer.bhājana (n) vessel.bhājeti (v) distributes, divides, shares.bhātika (m) brother.bhātu (m) brother.bhānumantu (adj) sun, luminous.bhāyati (v) fears (abl. follows).
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 36
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
bhāriya (adj) serious.bhāveti (v) develops.bhāsati (v) says, speaks.bhāsā (f) language.bhāsita (n) saying.bhikkhā (f) alms.bhikkhu (m) monk.bhikkhunī (f) nun.bhitti (f) wall.bhindati (v) breaks.bhiyyo (indec) more.bhisa (n) sprout of a lotus.bhisaja (m) physician.bhīyo (indec) more [than].bhuja (m) hand.bhujaga (m) serpent.bhuñjati (v) eats.bhūpati (m) king.bhūpāla (m) king.bhūmaka (adj) storeyed.bhūmi (f) earth, ground, floor, stage.bhūmibhāga (m) plot of ground.bhedana (n) breach.bhesajja (n) medicine.bho (indec, voc) my dear! sir! venerable.bhoga (m) property, wealth.bhogī (m) serpent. (adj) wealthy.bhojana (n) food, feeding.bhoti (voc) my dear.
[ m ]
makuṭa (n,m) crown.makkaṭa (m) monkey.magga (m) path, road.maṅgala (n) [marriage] ceremony. (adj) royal. [lit. auspicious]maṅgalasilā (f) royal resting stone.maṅḍita (adj) adorned, beautiful.maccha (m) fish.majjapa (adj) one who drinks intoxicating liquors, drunkard.majjha (m) middle.majjhima (adj) medium, middle, central.mañca (m) bed.mañcaka (m) couch.maññati (v) thinks.manjūsā (f) box.maṇi (m) gem.maṇipallaṅka (m) jewelled throne.maṇiratana (n) a precious gem.maṇḍapa (m) pavilion.maṇḍūka (m) frog.maṇḍeti (v) adorns.matakadoṇi (f) coffin.matakalebara (n) corpse.mati (f) wisdom.mattannū (m) temperate, one who knows the measure.mattikā (f) clay.mattikāmaya (adj) earthen.
matthaka (m) top.matthake (loc) at the end.maddati (v) trods.madhu (n) honey.mana (m*) mind.manasi karoti (v) keeps in mind.manasikāra (m) attention.manaṃ gaṇhati (v) wins the hearts.manussa (m) human being, person, man.manoti (v) thinks.manta (m) charm.mantar (m) perceiver.manteti (v) advises, consults.mantī (m) minister.mandālokena (adv) dimly.mayūra (m) peacock.maraṇa (n) death.marati (v) dies.mala (n) rust, dirt.mahati (v) honours.mahattama (adj) greatest.mahanta (adj) big, large, huge, great.mahapphala (adj) bringing great results.mahallaka (adj) elderly, old, aged.mahāgaṇī (m,n) having a great following.mahājana (m) the public, crowd.mahājānika (adj) thoroughly deprived of, undergone a great loss.mahādīpa (m) continent.mahāniraya (m) great hell.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 37
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
mahānisaṃsa (adj) greatly beneficial.mahāpañña (m) one who has great wisdom.mahāpurisa (m) the great being.mahābodhi (m) the great Bodhi tree.mahāmagga (m) highway.mahāraha (adj) costly, precious, very valuable.mahāsamūha (m) great crowd.mahisa (m) buffalo.mahī (f) earth, the river of that name.mahogha (m) a mighty torrent.maṃsa (n) flesh.mā (indec) don't.māgadhabhāsā (f) the language of Magadha.māṇava (m) youth.māṇavaka (m) lad.māṇavikā (f) maiden.māṇavī (f) lass.mātāpitara (m) parent(s).mātu (f) mother.mātukucchi (m/f) mother's womb.mātulānī (f) aunt.mānasa (n) thought.mānasika (adj) born of the mind, mental.māneti (v) honours, pays respect.māpeti (v) constructs.māyā (f) jugglery.māyāvī (m) juggler.māretar (m) killer.māreti (v) kills, slains.mālā (f) garland.
mālākāra (m) gardener.mālī (m) one who has a garland.māluta (m) wind, breeze.māsa (m) month.miga (m) deer, beast.migadāya (m) deer-park.migī (f) [female] deer.micchādiṭṭhika (m) heretic. (adj) heretical.miṇāti (v) measures.mitta (m) friend.mithubheda (m) dissent among themselves.mukha (n) face.mukhavaṭṭi (f) edge.mukhodaka (n) water to wash the face.muccati (v) is [set] free.muñcati (v) releases.muṭṭhi (m) fist, hammer.muṭṭhimatta (adj) a handful [amount that a fist can hold].mudu (adj) soft.muni (m) monk, sage.musā (adv) falsely, untruthfully.muhutta (m) a minute.muḷāla (n) the edible root of lotus kinds.mūla (n) money, cash, root, foot [of tree], cause.meṇḍa (m) sheep.mettacitta (n) loving heart.mettā (f) love.mettāsahagata (adj) benevolent.medhā (f) wisdom.medhāvī (adj) wise.
meyya (adj) measurable.meraya (n) liquor [fermented].mokkha (m) deliverance.
[ y ]
ya (pron) which, who, whichever, whoever.yañña (m) sacrifice.yaṭṭhi (m) stick.yaṭṭhi (f) [walking] stick.yattha (adv) wherever.yattha... tattha (correlatives) where... there.yattha katthaci (indec) wherever, anywhere about.yathā (adv) just as, just so, like, in the same way.yathā... tathā (correlatives) as... so.yathākkamaṃ (adv) according to the order.yathābalaṃ (adv) to the best of one's ability.yathābhirantaṃ (adv) as long as one pleases [to stay].yathāvuddhaṃ (adv) following seniority.yadā (adv) when, whenever.yadā... tadā (correlatives) when... then.yadi (conj) if.yamaka (adj) twin.yasa (m*) fame, glory.yasagga (m) highest fame.yasavantu (adj) famous.yasassī (adj) famous.yasoladdha (adj) got through fame.yasmā (indec) as.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 38
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
yāgu (f) rice gruel.yācaka (m) beggar.yācati (v) begs, asks for.yāti (v) goes.yāna (n) conveyance, vehicle.yānada (adj) giver of conveyance.yāma (m) a watch of the night.yāva (indec) till then, until, so long.yāva... tāva (correlatives) until, as long as.yāvajīvaṃ (adv) as long as life lasts.yāvataka (adj) as much [as].yāvadatthaṃ (adv) as much as desired, to the full.yuga (n) pair.yugala (n) pair.yujjhati (v) fights.yuñjati (v) yokes, joins.yutti (f) justice.yuddha (n) war.yuddhabhūmi (f) battlefield.yuvati (f) maiden.yogga (n) chariot, fitting.yojana (n) league.yojanika (adj) having a league in height or length.yojanantara (n) as far as a yojana.yojeti (v) yokes, makes ready.yodha (m) soldier.yoni (f) origin.yoniso (adv) according to origin or insight.
[ r ]
rakkhati (v) protects, safeguards, watches, observes [precepts], practises.raja (m*) dust.rajata (n) silver.rajana (n) dye.rajokiṇṇa (adj) full of dust.rajja (n) kingship, kingdom, realm.rajjakāla (m) reign.rajjaṃ anusāseti (v) reigns.rajjaṃ karoti (v) reigns.rajjābhiseka (m) coronation of a king, appointment to the kingship.rajju (f) rope.raṭṭha (n) country.ratana (n) precious thing.ratanattaya (n) three precious objects, the Buddha, Dhamma, and His Order.ratta (adj) red.ratti (f) night.ratha (m) chariot, car.rathakāra (m) chariot maker, carpenter.ramaṇīya (adj) delightful.ramanīyākārena (adv) delightfully.ramma (adj) delightful, charming.rava (m) noise.ravati (v) screams, crows.ravi (m) sun.rasa (m) taste.rassa (adj) short, dwarf.
raha (m*) secret.rahogata (adj) gone to seclusion or privacy.rājakumāra (m) prince.rājadūta (m) envoy.rājadhāni (f) metropolis, capital, royal city.rājan (m) king.rājaputta (m) prince.rājabhavana (n) palace.rājābharaṇa (n) royal apparel.rājinī (f) queen.rājisi (m) royal sage.rāsi (m) heap, mass.rukkha (m) tree.rundhati (v) obstructs, traps.rūpa (n) form, image, picture.rūpasiri (f) beauty.rūhati (v) grows.roga (m) illness, disease.rogin (adj) sick.rogupaddava (m) calamity by disease.rodati (v) cries.ropa (m) planter.
[ l ]
lakuṇṭaka (adj) dwarf.lakkha (num) lakh = 100 thousand.lakkhaṇa (n) characteristic.lagati (v) adheres.laṅkā (f) Ceylon.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 39
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
laṅkika (adj) born in Ceylon.latā (f) creeper.laddaka (m) hunter.labuja (m) bread-fruit.labhati (v) gets, receives, acquires, obtains, attains.lahu (adj) light.lābha (m) gain.lābhagga (m) highest gain.likhati (v) writes.liṅga (n) gender.ludda (m) hunter.luddha (adj) miserly.lekhaka (m) clerk.leṇadvāra (n) entrance of the caveloka (m) world.lokanāyaka (m) universal lord, i.e. the Buddha.lokiya (adj) worldly.locana (n) eye.loṇa (n) salt.loṇika (adj) salty.lobha (m) greed.loha (n) metal.lohita (n) blood.lohitavaṇṇa (adj) crimson.
[ v ]
va (indec) as, like.vagga (m) group.vaca (m*) word, saying.
vacana (n) word, speaking, utterance.vajja (n) fault, musical instrument.vaḍḍhakī (m) carpenter.vaḍḍhati (v) grows, increases.vaṇṇa (m) colour.vaṇṇita (adj) praised.vaṇṇada (adj) giver of complexion.vata (indec) certainly.vattati (v) prevails.vattante (indec) during.vatti (v) speaks, says.vattar (m) sayer, speaker.vattha (n) cloth, garment.vatthābharaṇa (n) garments and ornaments.vatthu (n) ground, base.vadati (v) tells, says.vadana (n) face, mouth.vadannū (m) charitable person.vadhū (f) woman.vana (n) forest.vanakammika (m) worker in the forest.vanacara (m) forester, wanderer in forests.vanantara (n) denser forest.vanappati (m) a tree which bears fruit without flowers.vanitā (f) woman.vandati (v) pays homage, worships, bows down.vapati (v) sows.vapu (n) body.vamma (n) armour.vammī (m) warrior.
vaya (m*) age.vayovuddha (adj) come to old age.vayohara (adj) snatching the life.vara (adj) noble.varāha (m) pig.vasa (m) power.vasati (v) lives, dwells.vasu (n) wealth.vasudhā (f) earth.vassa (m,n) rain, year.vassāna (m) rainy season.vassika (adj) suited for the rainy season.vahati (v) bears.vaḷavā (f) mare.vaṃsa (m) flute.vaṃsika (m) flutist.vā (conj, enclitic) or.vākya (n) sentence.vācasika (adj) done through speech, verbal.vācā (f) word, speech.vācāla (adj) talkative, garrulous.vāṇija (m) merchant.vāṇijjāya āhiṇḍati (v) hawks.vāta (m) wind.vādita (n) music.vādeti (v) sounds [a drum, etc.].vānara (m) monkey.vānarī (f) she-monkey.vāpī (f) tank.vāma (adj) left.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 40
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
vāyati (v) [wind] blows, weaves, smells.vāyamati (v) tries.vāra (m) turn. [dve vāre = twice]vāri (n) water.vāritaka (m) lover.vāladhi (m) tail.vālikā (f) sand.vālukā (f) sand.vāsa (m*) cloth, perfume.vāhana (n) vehicle.vāhanāgāra (m,n) garage.vikati (f) sort, kind.vikirati (v) scatters.vikkiṇāti (v) sells.vigacchati (v) departs, goes away.vighāṭana (ger) unfastening, opening.vicarati (v) moves.vicikicchā (f) doubt.vicitta (adj) ornamented, diversified.vijahati (v) casts off.vijātā (f) [a woman] who has given birth to a child.vijānāti (v) knows, understands.vijānana (ger) recognition, knowledge.vijjati (v) is, exists.vijju (f) lightning.viññū (adj) wise.vitakketi (v) ponders.vitarati (v) comes through.vitāna (n) canopy, awning.vitta (n) wealth.
vitthata (adj) wide, broad.vitthāreti (v) explains.vidati (v) knows.vidahati (v) assigns.vidū (m) wise man, knower.vidhūma (adj) smokeless.vinaya (m) disciplinary code, discipline.vinassati (v) perishes, disappears.vinā (indec) except, without, but.vināti (v) weaves.vināseti (v) squanders.vinicchayāmacca (m) judge.vinetu (m) instructor.vindati (v) suffers, gets.vinnātu (m) knower.vipatti (f) misfortune.vipassin (adj) wise.vipāka (m) result.vipula (adj) great, immense.vibhajati (v) distributes, divides.vimāna (m,n) mansion.viya (indec) like, just as.viya [cintetvā] (correlation) as if ... were.viyogāsaṃsanaṃ katvā (phrase) bidding goodbye.viraja (adj) passionless, free from dust.virati (f) abstinence.viramati (v) abstains.viruddham ācarati (v) acts against.virūpa (adj) ugly.vilapati (v) laments.
vilepana (n) toilet perfume.vivadati (v) disputes.vivarati (v) uncovers.vividha (adj) various.visavegavantu (adj) possessing the destructive power of poison.visārada (adj) unconfused, bold.visāla (adj) large, huge.visikhā (f) street.visiṭṭhākārena (adv) magnificently.visuddhi (f) purity [from the passions].visuṃ (adv) separately, severally.visuṃ visuṃ (indec) severally.vissajjeti (v) distributes, spends, releases, dispatches, leaves.vihaññati (v) is afflicted, takes trouble.viharati (v) lives, resides, dwells, stays.vihāyati (v) fails.vihāra (m) monastery.viheseti (v) troubles.vīṇā (f) lute.vītamala (adj) stainless, clean.vītināmeti (v) spends [time].vīsati (num) twenty.vīhi (m) paddy.vuṭṭhahati (v) rises.vuṭṭhi (f) rain.vuttanta (m) account.vuttappakāra (adj) of the given description.vuddha (adj) aged.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 41
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
vuddhi (f) increase, progress, prosperity.ve (indec) surely.vega (m) speed.vegena (adv) quickly, speedily.vejja (m) doctor, physician.veṇika (m) lutanist.vetana (n) fees, wages.vetanika (m) labourer.vedanā (f) pain.venayika (m) one who studies vinaya.vepulla (n) increase, abundance.veyyākaraṇa (m) grammarian.vera (n) enmity.vesālivāsī (m) dweller in the city of Vesālī.veḷu (m) bamboo.veḷuriya (n) turquoise.voropeti (v) takes away.vyaggha (m) tiger.vyādhi (m) sickness.vyāma (m) fathom.
[ s ]
saka (adj) own.sakaṭa (m) cart.sakanāgarika (m) fellow townsman.sakala (adj) whole, entire.sakiṃ (adv) once.sakuṇa (m) bird.sakuṇī (f) [female] bird.
sakkacca (indec) carefully, respectfully.sakkatabhāsīya (adj) sanskrit.sakkaroti (v) treats, pays honour.sakkā (indec) impossible.sakkāra (m) hospitality, feast.sakkuṇāti (v) is able.sakkoti (v) is able.sakkharā (f) gravel, pebble.sakkhi (indec) face to face.sakyaputtiya (adj) belonging to the sons of Sākyas.sakhī (f) woman-friend.sagāravaṃ (adv) in reverence.sagga (m) heaven.saggagāmin (m) one who goes to heaven.saṅkamati (v) moves from place to place.saṅkhāra (m) aggregation, component [thing], matter, phenomenon.saṅgaṇhāti (v) treats.saṅgameti (v) unites.saṅgha (m) community [of monks], fraternity.sace (conj) if.sajjhāyati (v) recites.sañcarati (v) travels, moves, proceeds.sañcāraka (m) wanderer.saññamayati (v) restrains, trains oneself.saññaṃ karoti (v) thinks.saññāpeti (v) convinces.saṭṭhi (num) sixty.saṭha (adj) fraudulent.saṇgaṅhāti (v) entertains, supports.
saṇḍa (m) grove.sata (num) hundred.satatakārin (m) constant worker.satataṃ (adv) constantly, always.satama (adj) hundredth.satavassa (n) century.sati (f) memory.satimantu (adj) mindful, sensible.satta (m) being. (num) seven.sattama (adj) seventh.sattāha (n) week.sattāha-karaṇīya (adj) business that should be settled within a week.sattu (m) enemy.sattha (n) science.satthar (m) master.satthavāha (m) caravan leader.satthasālā (f) school.satthi (n) thigh.satthu (m) advisor, teacher.sadā (adv) ever, always.sadisa (adj) similar, equal.sadeha (m) own body.sadda (m) sound.saddha (adj) believing, faithful.saddhā (f) faith.saddhiṃ (prep) with.sanantana (adj) ancient.sanābhika (adj) having a nave or hub.sanikaṃ (adv) slowly.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 42
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
sanemika (adj) having a tyre.santaka (n) property.santajjeti (v) menaces.santappeti (v) satisfies.santika (adj) near.santikaṃ (adv) towards.santikā (adv) from.santhāgāra (m) council hall.sandiṭṭhika (adj) seen in this life.sannipatati (v) assembles, meets together.saparivāra (adj) together with the following or retinue.sappa (m) serpent, snake.sappi (n) ghee.sabba (pron/adj) all.sabbajātika (adj) every kind of.sabbaññutañāṇa (n) supreme knowledge.sabbaññutā (f) omniscience.sabbannū (m) the omniscient one.sabbattha (adv) everywhere.sabbatra (adv) everywhere.sabbathā (adv) in every way.sabbada (m) donor of everything.sabbadā (adv) always, ever.sabbapacchima (adj) hindermost.sabbapaṭhama (adj) foremost.sabbapaṭhamaṃ (adv) originally.sabbaso (adv) in every way.sabbākāra-paripūra (adj) complete in every way.sabhā (f) society, assembly, meeting.sama (adj) equal, even.
samaṇa (m) monk, recluse.samattha (adj) able.samanuñño bhavati (v) agrees.samantā (adv) on all sides, around.samaṃ (adv) evenly. (prep) with.samaṃ karoti (phrase) smooths.samaya (m) time, religion.samāgacchati (v) encounters, joins, gathers together.samāgama (m) assembly.samācāra (m) rules of conduct.samāna (adj) same.samāpatti (f) concentration.samijjhati (v) prospers, flourishes, becomes successful.samitatta (n) state of being calmed.samīpa (n) proximity. (adj) near, adjacent.samīpavāsī (m) neighbour.samudda (m) sea.samuddapāra (n) abroad.samekkhakārī (adj) sensible.sampatti (f) fortune, bliss.sampādeti (v) provides, supplies with, performs.sampāpuṇāti (v) arrives.sambandhati (v) connects, ties.sambodhi (f) perfection, complete knowledge. [lit. perfect enlightenment]sambhuṇāti (v) attains.samma (voc) friend.sammajjati (v) sweeps.sammati (v) calms itself, appeases.sammad eva (adv) very well.
sammukha (adj) face to face with, present.sammuti (f) common consent, convention.sayati (v) sleeps.sayanaṭṭhāna (n) sleeping place.sayanāgāra (n) bedroom.sayaṃ (adv) by oneself.sara (m*) lake.saraṇa (n) refuge.sarīra (n) body, remains.saroruha (m) lotus.salla (n) arrow.sallakkheti (v) considers.savaṇa (n) listening, hearing.sa-saṅgha (adj) together with the community.sasī (m) moon.sasura (m) father-in-law.sassa (n) crop.sassu (f) mother-in-law.saha (prep) with.saha bhavati (phrase) joins.sahati (v) endures.sahasā (adv) suddenly.sahassa (num) thousand.sahassāra (adj) having one thousand spokes.saṃvasati (v) lives together.saṃvijjamāna (adj) existing.saṃvibhajati (v) shares.saṃsaraṇa (ger) moving or going about.saṃsarati (v) moves about continuously, transmigrates.sākacchā (f) interview, discussion.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 43
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
sākaṭika (m) carter.sākhā (f) branch.sāṭaka (m/n) cloth.sāṭheyya (n) craft, fraud.sāṇi (f) curtain.sādhāraṇa (adj) common.sādhu (indec) very well.sādhu, deva (phrase) all right, my lord!sādhukaṃ (adv) well.sāmaññaphala (n) fruit of the life of a recluse.sāmaṇaka (adj) things that are suitable for the use of monks.sāmaṇera (m) novice [monk].sāmanta (n) neighbourhood.sāmika (m) husband, owner, master.sāminī (f) mistress.sāmī (m) lord.sāmuddika (adj) marine.sāyaṃ (adv) in the evening.sārathī (m) charioteer.sāradika (adj) autumnal.sārasa (m) lotus, water-bird.sālavana (m) Sal-grove.sālā (f) hall.sāvaka (m) disciple, hearer.sāvatthi (f) city of Sāvatthi.sāvikā (f) female disciple.sāsana (n) religion, admonition, message, letter.sāsanahāraka (m) messenger.sāhasika (adj) hasty.
sikkhā (f) rules of conduct.sikkhāpaka (m) tutor.sikkhāpada (n) precept.sikkhāpeti (v) teaches.sikhī (m) peacock.siṅga (n) horn.siṅgi (adj) having a horn.siṅghāṭaka (n) junction.siñcati (v) sprinkles, pours down.sineha (m) love.sindhu (m) sea.sippī (m) artisan.sibbati (v) sews.simbalī (m) silk cotton tree.siyā (v) may be [optative form of atthi].sira (m*) head.sirigabbha (m) royal chamber.sirisayana (n) state couch.siroruha (m) hair.silā (f) stone.silesikā (f) gum.sissa (m) student.sīgha (adj) rapid.sīghayāyin (m) going quickly.sīghaṃ (adv) quickly, soon.sītala (adj) cool.sīla (n) precept, virtue.sīlavantu (adj) virtuous, observant of precepts.sīlasampanna (adj) virtuous, observing the precepts.sīsa (n) head.
sīsābādha (m) headache.sīsacchavi (f) scalp.sīha (m) lion.sīhaḷa (adj) Sinhalese.sīhāsana (n) throne.sīhī (f) lioness.sukara (adj) easily done.sukha (n) comfort, happiness, bliss.sukhakāma (adj) seeking comfort.sukhaṃ (adv) comfortably, happily.sukhita (adj) well-to-do, happy.sukhī (m) receiver of comfort, happy.sukhumāla (adj) delicate.sugati (f) happy state.sugandha (m) fragrance. (adj) fragrant, sweet-smelling, scented.suṅka (m) tax.sujjhati (v) becomes purified.suṇāti (v) hears.suṇoti (v) hears.sutta (n) sermon.suttanta (n) discourse.sudassa (adj) easy to see.sudukkara (adj) very difficult.suddha (adj) clean.sunakha (m) dog.sundara (adj) good.sundaratara (adj) better.sundaratama (adj) best.supaṇṇa (m) a kind of fairy bird.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 44
Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
supina (n) dream.subbaññū (adj) all-knowing.subhikkha (adj) plentiful with food.sumana (adj) glad.sumanā (f) jasmine.sura (m) god.surā (f) liquor [distilled], intoxicant.suriya (m) sun.suriyatthaṅgama (m) sunset.suriyuggamana (n) sunrise.surūpa (adj) beautiful, handsome.suvaṇṇa (n) gold.suvaṇṇakāra (m) goldsmith.suvaṇṇamaya (adj) golden.suvaṇṇālitta (adj) gilded.suve (adv) tomorrow.susāna (n) cemetery.susu (m) young one.susoca (v) has grieved.sussati (v) dries up.sūkara (m) swine, pig.sūda (m) cook.sūdajeṭṭha (m) chief cook.sūpa (m) curry.sūra (m) hero.seṭṭha (adj) highest, noble.seṭṭhatā (f) greatness.seṭṭhī (m) millionaire, treasurer.seṇiya (adj) possessing armies.seta (adj) white, fair.
setacchatta (n) white parasol.setu (m) bridge.sena (m) hawk.senā (f) army, multitude.senāpati (m) chief of the army.senāsana (n) sleeping place.seyya (adj) better.seyyathā pi (phrase) just as.seyyathā pi nāma (phrase) just as if.sevaka (m) attendant, servant.sevikā (f) attendant woman.soka (m) sorrow.sokara (m) pork.sogata (adj) Buddhist.socati (v) becomes sorrow.soṇḍā (f) [elephant's] trunk.sota (m) stream, current. (n) ear.sotar (m) hearer, listener.sodheti (v) cleanses.sopāṇa (n) stair.sobhaṇa (adj) beautiful.sobhanavattha (n) beautiful array.somanassa (n) joy. (adj) joyful.sohajja (n) friendliness.svātana (adj) belonging to tomorrow.sve (adv) tomorrow.
[ h ]
hattar (m) carrier.
hattha (m) hand.hatthinī (f) she-elephant.hatthī (m) elephant.hatantarāya (adj) having avoided the danger or removed the obstacles.hadaya (n) heart.hanati (v) kills, attacks, beats.hanukā (f) jaw.hanti (v) kills.harati (v) carries, takes, leads, steals.haliddā (f) turmeric.hasati (v) laughs.haṃsa (m) swan.hā (voc) ah!hāra (m) carrying.hāretar (m) one who causes to carry.hāsakāla (m) time to be joyful.hi (indec) indeed.hitakara (m) benefactor. (adj) advantageous.himavantu (adj) the Himalaya, possessor of ice.hīna (adj) vulgar.hīyattana (adj) belonging to yesterday.hīyo (adv) yesterday.heṭṭhā (indec) under.heṭṭhābhāga (m) lower part.heṭṭhima (adj) lowest.hetu (m) cause.hemantika (adj) suited for the winter.hoti (v) verb to be.
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 45