Structural characteristics of the Hungarian Agriculture and Food Industry
1990-2004
Rome
29 June – July 2005
Éva Laczka
Joint UNECE /EUROSTAT/FAO/OECD
Meeting on Food and Agricultural Statistics in Europe
Structure of my presentation
• Introduction • Food consumption in Hungary• Hungarian Agriculture• Hungarian „Farms”• Hungarian Food Industry• Agriculture and Food Industry in the GDP• Agriculture and Food Industry in Employment• Agriculture and Food Industry in External Trade• Conclusion
Population volumes and Agriculture (per cent)
1990-2004(Index: average of years 1999-2001=100,0)
YearWorld Europe Hungary
population agriculture population agriculture population agriculture
1990 86,7 80,6 68,5 82,0 103,5 123,4
1991 88,1 81,0 68,7 81,9 103,2 129,0
1992 89,5 83,1 99,6 106,4 102,9 99,0
1993 90,8 83,6 99,7 103,9 102,6 89,8
1994 92,1 85,7 99,8 97,6 102,3 92,1
1995 93,5 87,6 99,9 97,7 102,0 91,4
1996 94,8 91,4 100,0 100,8 101,7 98,0
1997 96,1 93,5 100,0 100,9 101,3 101,6
1998 97,4 95,1 100,0 98,6 100,9 101,5
1999 98,7 98,2 100,0 100,0 100,4 94,8
2000 100,0 100,2 100,0 100,1 100,0 93,5
2001 101,3 101,6 100,0 99,9 99,6 111,6
2002 102,5 103,0 99,9 101,4 99,1 97,4
2003 103,8 105,8 99,8 98,3 98,7 96,0
2004 109,0 103,8 110,2
Food consumption in Hungary (1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2003)
ProductsFood consumption per capita, kg/capita
1990 1994 1998 2002 2003
Meat, meat products, fish 73,1 69,0 63,7 75,4 72,0
Milk 169,7 140,0 149,6 143,1 138,3
Fats 38,6 38,1 36,2 39,0 39,1
Eggs 21,6 18,8 14,7 16,7 16,5
Flour, rice 110,3 91,3 84,1 87,8 88,1
Potatoes 61,0 58,2 67,4 65,3 64,5
Sugar, honey 38,6 36,2 42,1 32,9 33,2
Vegetables 83,3 85,8 94,3 111,7 113,7
Fruits 72,3 69,6 67,5 91,6 86,4
The Hungarian Agriculture
• Utilised agricultural area 60 per cent
• Utilised agricultural area per capita 0,6 hectare
• Dominance of cereal production
• Limited orchard and vineyard areas
• Decreasing animal husbandry
Agricultural enterprises
• 7 800
• Average agricultural area 503 hectare
• 71 per cent Crop farming• 11 per cent Livestock farming • 18 per cent Mixed farming
• Cattle and pig
Private holdings (1)
• 766 000
• Average agricultural area 3 hectare
• 37 per cent Crop farming
• 25 per cent Livestock farming
• 38 per cent Mixed farming
• Pigs, cattle, sheep, horses
Private holdings (2)
• 59 per cent for family consumption
• 12 per cent for market
• 29 per cent for family consumption and for market
Food processing in enterprises and holdings (2000, 2003)
Denomination
Share of
agricultural enterprises private holdings
engaged in food processing (per cent)
2000 2003 2000 2003
Meat processing 1,15 0,76 0,41 0,40
Milk processing 0,39 0,38 0,13 0,62
Fruit and vegetable processing 1,32 0,78 0,21 0,50
Wine bottling 1,01 1,27 0,04 0,03
The Hungarian Food Industry
DenominationNumber of food processing factories
1990 1994 1998 2002 2003
Meat processing and preservation 87 86 132 232 249
Poultry processing 34 29 42 74 79
Processing of fruits and vegetables
.. 74 102 176 180
Dairy processing 33 47 52 70 66
Production of milling products 48 .. .. 111 102
Production of bread and fresh pasta
127 118 430 948 963
Production of sugar 12 11 8 5 5
Breweries 10 9 11 38 34
Production of soft drinks 24 .. 31 83 96
Key characteristics of the Hungarian Food Industry
• Decreasing state ownership
• Decreasing investment
• Reduction of employment
• Recreasing productivity
Agriculture and Food Industry in the national economy
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
%
Share of Agriculture in GDPShare of manufacture of food product in GDP
Agriculture and Food Industry in Employment
02468
10121416
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
%
Share of employed persons in food industry
Share of employed persons in agriculture
External Trade of cereals and cereal products
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1996 2000 2004
Thousand tons
Import Export
External Trade of vegetables and fruit products
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1996 2000 2004
Thousand tons
Import Export
External Trade of meat and meat products
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1996 2000 2004
Thousand tons
Import Export
External Trade of dairy products
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1996 2000 2004
Thousand tons
Import Export
Conclusion
• The change-over to the market economy hit the Agriculture and Food Industry
• The share of Agriculture and Food Industry in the GDP declined
• The share of Agriculture and Food Industry in Employment declined
• The transformation process continues
• Agriculture and Food Industry should find the place and role in the EU economy
Thank you for your attention