Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
Berlin 24 May 2001
Martin Jackson, Bombardier Aerospace
Jeremiah Woolsey, Interactive Documents International
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Aviation Industry Paradoxes
• Aircraft need support over 30 years
– the older the aircraft the more customers and configurations to support • Myriad of publications systems and formats
– the older the system the more expensive it is to migrate
• Engineering data is authority for revisions– The older the engineering system the greater the disconnect to publications
• Modern aircraft are increasingly complex– The experience age of technicians is declining
• Aircraft grounded are huge cost burdens– Customers require ever more efficient information retrieval
IETM stagnationdynamic text - static graphics
Graphics are created, stored and presented as static visuals
Usability of manuals have stagnated (interactivity is text based)
No links available from manuals to additional data on the web
Customers print wiring manuals from electronic version to be usable
No interfaces from IPC to parts ordering
35% increase in trouble shooting
efficiency via interactive documents
not achievable without dynamic
graphics
What is a Technical Illustration?
It is not:
• strictly engineering data
• art for art’s sake
It is:
• a communicator of technical information
• the most efficient means of passing on spatial information
An intelligent graphic is also:
• a navigation tool
• the most efficient means of passing on spatial and textual information
0102030405060708090
%
understanding by senses
visualhearingsmelltouch
Technological Convergencewhy the time is right for intelligent graphics
• Web CGM– Vector intelligent technical graphics viewable via browsers
• ATA CGM– Vector technical graphic data interchange proven to be reliable across
applications and platforms
• Industry graphic style guide– The industry accepts visual communication standards
• e-Business– Provides opportunities to link to / from customer information processes
• Human issues– The modern mechanic has less time, is relatively inexperienced but
more computer literate
4 Key Business Strategies • Quality Controls
– from 14 to 26 secondary and 50 tertiary vendors per program
• reliable digital data and quality controls
• Change Process Management– 4 revisions per year 50,000 revisions to illustrations during publications life
• structured graphic data and efficient change process
• Engineering Synergies– 50% of all publications work is research
• synergy between publications and engineering
• Single Source Graphics– Each illustration tells a unique story
– Each illustrated component is the same
• component based illustrating
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Why CGM?
• Platform independent
• ISO standard
• Web enabled
• Industry profiles available
• Efficient data sizes
• Conformance test suites established
• Large existing legacy data sets
CGM Standard (ISO/IEC 8632) Version 1• The original 1992 standard -vector data including polygons, lines,
rectangles, circles, arcs, text plus uncompressed raster data.
Version 2• Corrections to v1 and some minor improvements
Version 3 • Advanced curves support (Bezier, conic arcs, B-splines), improved
text handling, line attributes, raster compression, more colour models.
Version 4• Application structures that enable intelligent graphics, more precise
line type support
CGM Profiles• ATA - Air Transport Association
GREXchange Graphics Exchange standard for version 1and 3 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile
IGEX Intelligent Graphics Exchange standard for version 4 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile
• WebCGMThe intelligent web-enabled profile
January 99 - recommended for use by W3C
• CALS - (Continuous Acquisition & Life-Cycle Support)– MIL-D-28003A
Standards for the exchange of military graphics for technical publications
• PIP - Petroleum Industry ProfileGeophysical and trace mapping usage with extensive use of colour and patterning.
• SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) SAE J2008 Profile
The quality triangleSqueezing through the quality
loop
ISO 8632ISO 8632
Industry Industry ProfileProfile
NIST & NIST & syntax checkerssyntax checkers
GoodnessGoodness
Goodness How can a syntactically correct CGM not be good?
• Line styles
• Text alignment
• Circles and curves
• Layers - corporate handshakes
• Colour precision
• Line continuation
• Inherited quality issues
AA BB AA
LOSSLOSSCGMCGM CGMCGM
Supplier Graphic DataTypical problems
• differing visual clues
• uncertain locations
• confusing detail
• huge fragmented CAD
files
• different layering
schemes
CGMCGM• fonts• scaling• colour maps• line fonts• ellipses• masks• fragmentation• huge CAD files
Graphic Style About 50% of supplier errors are style related
• Why does it matter?– Visual communication
– Goodness controls
– Visual coding
– Use of illustration fragments
• Cost versus Quality– $2m+/ yr in Aerospace spent reworking graphics for style purposes (1997 ATA
Survey)
– Limits reuse of illustration fragments
• ATA Graphics Style Standard– Recommended for use in 2000
– Created by all major manufacturers and component vendors with input from AECMA.
– In use now within Aerospace community
Colour Standards
• Video display units • Training courses• Single source graphics• Exchanging colour graphics• Reliable results • Print and display • ATA Colour standard• Web safe colours Black 70% 99 99
Black 50% 149 149
Black 30% 0 20
Black 0 0
99
149
0
0
Gray 70%
Gray 50%
Gray 30%
Black
255 255 255White
255 0 255
513
238
141 33 141
701 233 511 173
Magenta
Violet
Lilac
Warm Red 255 0
1385 216 128
1585 255 116
375375
362
416
00
48
141
255255
150
151
3245
290
0
191
255
226
Yellow 255 255
0
0
66
00
66
122
255
247
0
465 195 172 130
266
647
Red
Amber
Orange
GreenGreen
Dark Green
Olive
Cyan
Light Blue
Yellow
Beige
Blue
Dim Blue
0
60
0
86
255
110
Color NamePantoneMatchingSystem
R G B
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
An e-Business model
CUSTOMER INFORMATION CENTRE
SPARESdBase
ENGINEERINGDIGITALMOCK UP
SPARESINVENTORIES
ORDERING
INTEGRATED SERVICESPRODUCT & SERVICES INTEGRATED
TO PROVIDE UP TO DATE DATAINTER LINKED TO RELATED DATA
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
FLEET SUPPORTFSR
HOT TIPSCUSTOMER RECORD
ACCOUNT REPS
TRAININGCOURSE SCHEDULES
ANIMATIONSVIDEOS
COURSE ORDERING
PUBLICATIONSMANUALS
INFO SERVICESERVICE BULLETINS
TECH SERVICESMAINTENANCE
PLANNING
PARTSPARTS
WARRANTYORDERING
INTRANETENGINEERING CONTRACTS SALES WORKFLOW TOOLS SUPPORTSINTRANET AND FLOW TO C.I.C.
EBOM
AS MAINTAINEDAS DELIVERED
M BOM
WEB BROWSER INTERFACE
WORKFLOWS
PROFILE FILTERING www.cic.bombardier.com
ORGANIZATIONS
FIREWALL FIREWALLFIREWALLFIREWALL
FIREWALLFIREWALL FIREWALL FIREWALL
FAULTDIAGNOSTIC
INFO SERVICE
FAQ
CHAT
MARKETING
SERVICES
HUMP
CIMMS
EMP
EHUMP
SPARE PARTS
FRACAS
INVENTORYLEVELS
PARTS
ORDERING
IPC
REMOVALS &INSTALLATIONS
SBS
MANUALS
CMM
TRAINING
3D MODELS
VIDEO
ANIMATION
MM
CUSTOMERS PARTNERSVENDORSEMPLOYEES
PC ONBOARDLAP
REMOTE
INTERNAL
ENGINEERING
PUBS
3D VIRTUAL AIRCRAFTPUBLISH & SUBSCRIBEDATA VIEWAS MAINTAINED CONFIGURATION
CGM as e-Business enabler
TRAINING
CGM V1-4MultimediaPhotosAnimations
WEBSITE
PROFILE ACCESS
ENGINEERINGDIGITAL
MOCK UP
LMS
CUSTOMER SUPPORT MANUFACTURING
ORDERING IETM
MM SB WM IPC TRAINING MODULES• PILOT• MAINTENANCE
ANALYSIS
VENDORSEMPLOYEES TECH. MANUALS
REMOTE
INTERNAL
GRAPHICdBase
BASIC STATIC INTERFACE
WEB CGM
CGM V3
CGM V1-4MultimediaPhotos
AnimationsWEB CGM
Navigation Navigation byby detail detail andand component component
• Navigation by detail for interactive delivery
• Navigation by static visual clues by core paper delivery
• Details reused in multiple occurrences
• Locator controls navigation relationships
Effectivity on the flyEffectivity on the fly• User login activates profile and User login activates profile and
aircraft effectivityaircraft effectivity
• Effectivity recorded on XML Effectivity recorded on XML companion filecompanion file
• Returns rendering of Returns rendering of component based on effectivity component based on effectivity and size, view parametersand size, view parameters
• Parts list and ordering Parts list and ordering mechanism synchronized from mechanism synchronized from companion file to return correct companion file to return correct meta data.meta data.
Variations in Paper and Digital Delivery
• Paper delivery WILL still be required 10 years from now
• Intelligent content and paper incompatible
• Regulatory bodies need to synchronise all media deliveries
• Concept of core data and extended data
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods
ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks
Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of
engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2D orthographic
drawings to task-specific view
Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods
ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks
Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of
engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2orthographic
engineering drawings to task-specific view
Graphics Creation (con’t)new tools -- old methods
Extraction of geometry 2D-3D & HLR, part metadata is typically not captured
Context is not saved, re-used, must repeat process - task configuration (BOM) and orientation
Illustrated components/fragments not reused -no ‘where-used’ of part in (SGML/XML) task instance
Intelligence in graphic is manually authored Customer Support-specific attributes not at source
Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision
• Capturing component intelligence from:– Engineering design data CAD/CAM/PDM
• Maintenance View of product structure needed– subset of complete bill of materials - LRUs & SSIs
• Geometry (both 2D and 3D where existing) static & kinematic visualizations
• Transport (via XML) metadata elements used by Customer Support:
– e.g. part number, material spec, CAGE code, service effectivity, interchangeability (1 & 2-way)
Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision (con’t)
• Supplier data – Supplier Engineering data– Supplier Product Support (SGML/XML/CGM)
• Legacy illustrations - leverage commonality of parts – 30% for derivative programs
• Automating grobject creation for legacy Gfx – Using scripts to find patterns (text/fonts/layers)– Revisit CAD conversion process - extract native entity
attributes, serialize to XML– Direct linking to source PDM intelligence
Opportunities for Efficiency Gains
• Reduction of research activities (50% of current efforts)
• Build task-specific views of product structure automatically, save as context– IPC becomes customer support Bill of Material
• Reusing detail views and components – increases reuse by a factor of 200
– average of 2.5 locator views per sheet
– improves consistency and reliability of data
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Engineering SourceGraphic Data Extraction
PUBLISHINGdBase
GRAPHIC\ dBase
ENGINEERINGDIGITAL MOCK-UP
WIRINGDIAGRAM
WIRINGLIST
XML
WIRINGDIAGRAM
WIRINGLIST
XML
WIRINGDIAGRAM
WIRINGLIST
XML
COREDESIGN
VIEWCONTEXT
PUBLISH &SUBSCRIBE
WHERE USEDANALYSIS(AMTOSS)
EFFECTIVITY/APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS
PARSE REPLICATE PUBLISH
BAGD0301_001.cdr
XMLMETADATA
CONTEXTFILTERING APPROVAL
GRAPHICSTYLEGUIDE
AUTO-EXTRACTION
CGMCONVERSION
CGM V4
XML
Interfacing with Engineering• Managing product change - impact analysis
– Individuals or Customer Support units can set change notification rules based on specific: ATA systems, aircraft zones, approval level, etc...
• Re-Use 3D Graphic Models– for illustration and/or maintenance task simulation
• Customer Support view vs “best-so-far”– All aircraft configurations need to be supported, not
just the most current design
Engineering to illustration process - new illustrations
WORK STATIONPC & THIN CLIENT
DocumentDocument
PartPart
PartPart
PartPart
PartPart
ProductProduct
Standard PartStandard Part
VPDM SystemVPDM System
Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views
Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views
Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics
Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics
Import CGM v4 into illustration application
Import CGM v4 into illustration application
Filter by VIEWS /Work areaFilter by VIEWS /Work area
Close unwanted models
Close unwanted models
Open models in viewer Open models in viewer
Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in illustration
Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in illustration
Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper)
Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper)
Create Axis, eliminate extraneous dataCreate Axis, eliminate extraneous data
Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to find the parts to include in illustration
Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to find the parts to include in illustration
Analysis Phase
Orientation Phase
ExtractionPhase
Engineering to illustration process - revising illustrations
WORK STATIONPC & THIN CLIENT
DocumentDocument
PartPart
PartPart
PartPart
PartPart
ProductProduct
Standard PartStandard Part
VPDM SystemVPDM System
Engineering changes the product
Check illustration(s) using part to see if they need to be revised
Check illustration(s) using part to see if they need to be revised
Load task/contextLoad task/context
Refresh task/context to display variancesRefresh task/context to display variances
User receives and acknowledges Email notification
User receives and acknowledges Email notification
System compares revision with previous task/context and notifies owner by email
System compares revision with previous task/context and notifies owner by email
Load models from Context and auto style extract updated master component or view
Load models from Context and auto style extract updated master component or view
Consult change documents Consult change documents
No
Yes
End
System identifies which tasks/contexts are affected by the change in near real-time
System identifies which tasks/contexts are affected by the change in near real-time
ChangeNotification
Verification of Applicability
Revise Illustration
Update illustration?
Developing a ‘Customer Support’ Bill Of Material
• create “as-maintained” task-based view (link parts to tasks)
• engineering validity vs production effectivity vs service effectivity
• unified effectivity model
• operator input - updating in-service configuration– recording part removals and installations
Building Customer Support View of Product Structure
Global Express
GC219-1900-1
GC211-0039-1
GC211-0046-1
GC211-0047-2
GC211-0048-5
GC211-0166-3
GC211-0046-2
GC211-0047-1
GC211-0039-1
GC211-0039 NC
GC211-0039 NC
GC211-0046 -A
GC211-0046 -A
GC211-0047 NC
GC211-0047 NC
GC211-0048 -B
GC211-0166 -A
SAVED TASK/CONTEXT
•Graphical Mfg Assembly/Fab aids
•On-line Spares
•eTask Cards
•Interactive Training
•Portable Maintainance Systems (CRDC)
FRAMEWORK FOR e-
BUSINESS LINKS
ILLUSTRATION FOR PRODUCTION VISUAL AIDS,
TECH PUB MANUALS, TRAINING MANUALS
CONFIGURED DIGITAL
MOCK-UP
90
85140
100
145
135
125130
130120
115
80
85
90
95
105
110
120 11580 95
LBL10.00
LBL30.00
FS281.65
FS260.00
FS240.00
RBL30.00
RBL10.00
BL0.00
10
10
Enabling Legacy Engineering Data
• Enhance use of conversions - graphics, plus:
• Metadata extraction - XML can facilitate by:– common structured data format– support for external applications– provide conversion bridge between CGM,
SGML, web and engineering systems.
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for Intelligent Delivery
• Business issues
• Standards, goodness and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary
Organizational Change
• Process– authoring more rigorous
– graphics much more structured
– link resolution needs to be validated
– revision cycle more complex
– create once use many
• Human Issues– are publications staff equipped and ready for change in work
process?
XMLthe metadata key
• transporting engineering metadata from partners/suppliers
• transporting product support metadata from partners & suppliers
• transporting data between de-coupled departmental databases
Design ==> Manufacturing ==> Customer Support
• transforming SGML to XML and XSLT for Web presentation
SGML-XML-WebCGM based IPC
PUBLISHINGdBaseGRAPHIC\
dBase
SGML/XMLEDITOR
SHEET 1 SHEET 2
METADATA
SHEET 3
V4IMBEDDED
ON CALLOUTS
LINKMANAGEMENT
DOCUMENTLINKS
LINKRESOLUTION
EXTERNALLINKSPARTS
ORDERING GRAPHICPOOL
PUBLICATIONSDTD
PARTSLIST
IMPORT
WEBCGM/XML
INTERNALILLUSTRATIONS
TEMPLATES
TEMPLATES
SUPPLIERILLUSTRATIONS
ENGINEERINGPSD or SAP
dBaseLEGACY
PUBLICATIONS
XMLTRANSFORMATION
PARSE
STYLESHEETS
CGM v3 2100
CGM v3 2100
CGM v4
INTELLIGENTGRAPHIC
AUTHORINGAPPLICATION
AUTO LINKINGSCRIPTS
LINKRESOLUTION
PUBLISH
CD-ROM
WEB
WEB LINKS
SGML
<SHEET GNBR=”gip1121000_001” SHEETNBR=”1” XNBR=”gip1121000_001”
LIVE LINKING
bagd022001_002.cdrPAPER
INTERACTIVEFORMAT
GRAPHICIDENTIFIER
PAR
SE
STY
LES
HE
ETS
PAR
SE
Summarythe time is right
• WebCGM as core graphic format – supplemental formats: .avi, .mpeg, .jpeg, .svg etc..
• WebCGM can support static paper as well as interactive media: Web-CD-ROM-DVD
• WebCGM and XML enable essential quality controls– batch goodness checking possible on structured graphics
• XML facilitates metadata linking to graphic objects
• XML enables synergy between related standards:– Maintenance Steering Group (MSG-DTD), Component Reliability Data
Collection (CDRC) Validate, STEP Engineering BOM
Summary
• Achieve most accurate, up-to-date snapshot of A/C configuration in a highly dynamic change
• Design Customer Support authoring/delivery systems with regard for end-user needs, provide the maintenance and flight crews:– right data
– at the right time
– in the media most appropriate to the task