![Page 1: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition)
By Edward A. Polloway
James R. PattonLoretta Serna
![Page 2: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 1 Special Education In An Era Of
Inclusion and Standards
![Page 3: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Special Education today
• Dominant themes in special education is Inclusion
• Appropriate supports in the general education classroom (Supported Education)
![Page 4: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Target populations and Associated Concerns
• 93% of school age students served under the IDEA Act in the following groups: – Learning Disabilities – Speech or language impairments– Mental retardation – Emotional disturbance
![Page 5: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Matching Curriculum design and Instructional methods
1. Categorical groups is influenced by public policy decisions, research informed, and non- research professional decisions.
2. Categorical labels convey little about curriculum design and specific teaching strategies
3. Ensure an appropriate curriculum
![Page 6: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Federal and State legislation
• No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA)
• Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
![Page 7: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
IDEA components
• Appropriate Evaluation
• Individualized Education Program
• Least Restrictive Environment
• Parent and student participation
• Procedural Safeguards
• Section 504
![Page 8: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Americans with Disabilities Act
• Represents broad civil rights coverage for individuals with disabilities.
• The law establishes guidelines for:– Employment– Public accommodations, – Transportation, – State and local government operations, and– Telecommunications.
![Page 9: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Standards- Based Education
• Content standard– Knowledge, skills, and understanding attain in
academic subjects
• Performance standard– Levels of achievement to demonstrate their
proficiency in the subjects
![Page 10: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Multi- Tier system
• Tier 1: – High quality core instruction
• Tier 2: – High quality targeted supplemental instruction
• Tier 3: – High quality intensive intervention
![Page 11: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Access to the General Education Curriculum
Statements that are reflected on the IEP:
• Present level statement
• Measurable annual goals
• Special education and related services and supplementary aids
• Program modifications or supports from school personal
• Explain the extent to which the child will not participate with non- disabled children
![Page 12: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Universal Design for Learning
• Attends to individual needs in a general fashion
• Proactive rather than reactive• Curricula and materials that attend to the
needs of students with special needs • Capitalizes on new technologies and
electronic resources• Provides a new way of looking at students
with disabilities
![Page 13: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Differentiated Instruction
A process to approach teaching and learning for students of differing abilities in the same class.
![Page 14: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Evidence Based Practice
Interventions that displays evidence with the population with whom they are being used
![Page 15: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Diversity Considerations
• Diversity implies that many students do not represent the stereotypic image of the typical student
• Teachers must develop a sensitivity to the needs of a diverse group of students
• Acquiring specific knowledge about diverse student populations is essential
![Page 16: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Empowerment
• Related to self- determination of individuals with disabilities
• A multifaceted concept that embraces many necessary aspects of what it truly means to be respected and given dignity
![Page 17: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Self- determination
• Self- instruction • Self- understanding • Self- advocacy and
leadership • Positive self- efficacy
and outcome expectancy
• Internal locus of control
• Self- awareness
• Decision- making • Choice- making • Problem solving • Independent living • Goal setting and
attainment • Self- observation,
evaluation, and reinforcement
![Page 18: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Effective Teaching
• The amount of learning the child masters • The nature of the teaching behaviors • Teaching activities validated from research:
– A review or check of the previous day’s work– Presentation of new content/ skill – Guided student practice – Feedback and correction – Independent student practice – Weekly and monthly reviews
![Page 19: Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022072014/56649e7b5503460f94b7c5aa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0-13-179157-5Polloway, Patton, & SernaStrategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Special Education Teachers Today
• Teacher As Advocate– Change agents
• Ethical decisions – Decision making about specific educational
interventions
• Special educator role– Function with a multi tier instructional system
• Professional development – Continuum of professional development