WWF NepalProgram OfficeP.O. Box 7660Baluwatar, KathmanduNepal
Tel: 977 1 4410942/4434820/4434970Fax: 977 1 4438458E-mail: [email protected]: www.wwfnepal.org
WWF’s Mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environmentand to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature by:� Conserving the world’s biological diversity;� Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable; and� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption
1986 P
anda symbol W
WF
- World W
ide Fund F
or Nature (F
ormerly W
orld Wildlife F
und) "W
WF
and "Living Planet" are R
egistered Tradem
arks
WW
F
NE
PA
L S
trategic Pla
n 2
00
6-
20
11
for a living planet ®
for a living planet ®
W W F N E P A L
Strategic Plan2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 1
II
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Prepared by WWF Nepal Programme Office
Published July 2006 by WWF-World Wide Fund ForNature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund), Kathmandu,Nepal.
Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication mustmention the title and credit the above-mentionedpublisher as the copyright owner.© WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006-2011)(July 2006). All rights reserved
The material and the geographical designations in thisreport do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, or area, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Cover photographs (clockwise from top):Mountains © WWF Nepal; Snow leopard © WWF-Canon /KLEIN & HUBERT; Daphne, Mani in the mountains,Rhododendrons © WWF Nepal / Rajendra GURUNG;Girls planting © WWF Nepal; Amchis, Child carrying wood© WWF Nepal / Thomas L KELLY; Tiger © WWF-Canon /Martin HARVEY; Kingfisher, Children swimming, Tharuwoman © WWF-Canon/ Jeff FOOTT; Asian elephant ©WWF Nepal; Rhino © WWF - Canon/Michel GUNTHER
Designed and Printed by Power Communication,Kathmandu, Nepal.
W W F N E P A L
Strategic Plan2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 1
ContentsAcronyms ivForeword vWWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006–2011) Development Team viExecutive Summary viiAcknowledgement xiii
INTRODUCTION 2
THE NEPALI CONTEXT 4Conservation Challenges in Nepal 8
WWF IN NEPAL 10Progress Made (2002-2006) 13Lessons Learned 15Vision - Mission - Goal 17Conservation Priorities 18Priority Thematic Programs 18Priority Working Areas 19
CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 26Forests 28Species 29Climate Change and Energy 30Freshwater 31Support ProgramsPolicy and Advocacy 32Sustainable Livelihoods 33Education and Capacity Building 35Communications and Marketing 36Expected Outcomes 37
BUSINESS PLAN 40Program Implementation: Improved Paradigms 42Human Resource Development 46Staff Accountability Setting 49Organizational Structure 49Fund Mobilization and Strategy 53Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 54Redressing Risks and Scenarios 56Summary of Financial Projections 58
ANNEXES 60
APPENDICES 86
IV
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
ADB Asian Development BankBDS- MaPS Business Development Services and Marketing and Production ServicesCBOs Community-based organizationsCR Country RepresentativeDDCs District Development CommitteesDHM Department of Hydrology and MeteorologyDNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationDoF Department of ForestsEHEC Eastern Himalayan Ecoregion ComplexF&A Finance and administrationFY Fiscal yearGAA Government aid agencyGDP Gross domestic productGIS Geographic information systemGLOF Glacier lake outburst floodHR Human resourcesICDP Integrated Conservation and Development ProgrammeICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentINGOs International non-governmental organizationsIUCN The World Conservation UnionKm KilometerKm2 Square kilometersMAPs Medicinal and aromatic plantsMFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil ConservationMoEST Ministry of Environment, Science and TechnologyMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingNBS Nepal Biodiversity StrategyNGOs Non-governmental organizationsNM Northern MountainsNTFPs Non-timber forest productsOA Organizational assessmentPC Personal computerSHL Sacred Himalayan LandscapeSPNP Shey Phoksumdo National ParkSpp SpeciesSWC Social Welfare CouncilTAL Terai Arc LandscapeTMI The Mountain InstituteUN United NationsVDCs Village Development CommitteesWTLB/CP Western Terai Landscape Building/ Complex ProjectWWF World Wide Fund for Nature
Acronyms
V
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
There is but one way to face the future –with optimism and confidence that we cando what we aim for if we have a strongand true foundation.
The WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006 –2011) is not only our roots for the nextfive years but is also the dream that willguide us to important gains forbiodiversity conservation in Nepal. Inmore than four decades that WWF hasbeen in the nation, we have thought big,started strong and seen things through.
This is apparent in our recent past whenwe contributed to the vision andimplementation of the Terai ArcLandscape. Innovation means a certainamount of risk and WWF Nepal has takenon several challenges so that futuregenerations too will benefit from naturethat is still vibrant and rich.
The conflict situation that marked morethan a decade of Nepal’s recent historyimpacted people and nature, often inways that were linked together. Despiteadverse situations, we were able to forgeahead because of strong partnerships andgrassroots support, which remains of vital
Forewordimportance. Conservation, likedemocracy, must be of the people and forthe people to truly succeed.
Along with our major areas of work inspecies, forests, and freshwaterconservation, WWF Nepal will continue towork in the areas of climate change andsustainable livelihoods. We remaincommitted to acting locally, thinkingglobally, and introducing innovativeapproaches to deliver conservation resultsthat will have impacts from local to global.
WWF Nepal journeys into the next fiveyears with a set of goals and a plan thathas been put together through extensiveconsultations among stakeholders andpartners as well as in consultation withinthe WWF Network.
Together we can and will make adifference for a living planet.
Chandra P Gurung, PhDCountry Representative
VI
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Guidance and SupervisionDr. Chandra P Gurung, Country RepresentativeMr. Anil Manandhar, Conservation Program DirectorMr. Prasant Singh, Director - Business Relations and Operation
Conservation Strategies and Related ComponentsMs. Neera Pradhan, Program Officer- FreshwaterMr. Sandeep C. Rai, Program Officer- Climate ChangeDr. Sarala Khaling, Director-Development, Research and MonitoringMr. Shubash Lohani, Planning and Monitoring OfficerMs. Trishna Gurung, Communication and Education Manager
Business Plan and Related ComponentsMs. Bandana Y Lepcha, Human Resource OfficerMr. Ghana Shyam Gurung, Director- Mountain UnitMr. Rajendra Gurung, Program Officer-Terai Arc Landscape, NepalMs. Rudriksha Parajuli, Program Officer- MountainMr. Santosh Nepal, Coordinator- Terai Arc Landscape, NepalMr. Sunil Mani Dahal, Project Support OfficerMs. Yeshi Choden Lama, Senior Program Officer- Mountain
WWF Nepal Strategic Plan(2006–2011)
Development Team
VII
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
I. Although Nepal accounts for only 0.09per cent of the Earth’s land mass, it isendowed with an amazingly rich andvaried biodiversity. This is largely attribut-able to its unique geographic location andwide altitudinal and climatic variations.Nepal also has a unique and diversepopulation made up of more than 100ethnic/caste groups with a variety ofcultures, languages, and religions.
II. Nepal is predominantly an agrariancountry. Irrigation methods are almostentirely traditional and little moderninfrastructure is available. The fertility ofNepal’s agricultural lands depends largelyon the health of water retention and otherecological services provided by thecountry’s vast natural resources, predomi-nantly its mountains and forests. WWFNepal strongly believes that efforts toconserve these critical resources shouldbe an integral part of any serious develop-ment initiative in Nepal.
III. This view is largely shared by policymakers and development agencies inNepal. Despite being one of the leastdeveloped countries, Nepal has con-ceived of and implemented some of mostunique and effective management modelsfor harnessing and protecting naturalresources. The management of conserva-tion areas and a significant proportion of
Nepal’s national forests by local commu-nities is one example of the innovativeapproaches taken by the Government ofNepal.
IV. However, the forests in Nepal areconstantly under threat from unsustain-able practices. Uncontrolled grazing, theover-harvesting of timber and fuelwood,encroachment due to population pres-sure, lack of awareness about conserva-tion issues due to high levels of povertyand illiteracy, and the lack of economicstimuli in recent times all threatenNepal’s forests. Such overexploitationeventually increases the vulnerability ofdependent populations of both wildlifeand humans.
V. For wildlife, the challenges do notstop just at fragmentation and loss ofhabitat. Conflict with humans leading toretaliatory killings and wide-scale poach-ing fuelled by the illegal wildlife tradefurther endanger their existence.
VI. Freshwater ecosystems are beingcontaminated by the use of in-organicfertilizers and by toxic residue fromchemical pesticides used to enhanceshort-term agriculture productivity. Thisis fast reaching a situation that couldseriously imperil the fertility of agricul-tural land in Nepal and have a far-
Executive Summary
VIII
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
reaching negative impact on biodiversityin general. In addition, global warning andclimate change are likely to have adevastating effect on Nepal’s fragilemountain ecosystems. The threat ofmajor glacier lake outburst floods(GLOFs) already appears imminent.GLOFs in Nepal have the potential todevastate, not only adjoining mountainareas, but also the fertile plains of Nepal’sTerai and a large part of Northern India.
VII. Conservation experts have seenthese challenges on the horizon for a longtime. WWF Nepal and its partners havebeen undertaking programs to addressthese challenges. While these effortshave significantly helped to prevent thesituation from spiralling out of control,nonetheless, much more remains to bedone. Programs must continue to addressthe root causes of biodiversity loss iningenuous and innovative ways. Financialand technical resources are urgentlyneeded now and over the long term tosupport such programs.
VIII. The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL)Program is one such ambitious initiativeembarked on by WWF Nepal, together withthe Government of Nepal. The TAL Pro-gram is based on a grand vision to bringabout the sustainable and peaceful co-existence of a significant portion of Nepal’sbiodiversity with one-quarter of its humanpopulation. This is a fascinating programcapable of setting yet another example forthe world to follow. The Terai is home to
magnificent endangered species like theBengal tiger, Asian elephant, and GreaterOne-horned rhinoceros. Accordingly, a highdegree of significance has been tagged tothis program and WWF Nepal and severalother agencies have been able to mobilizesizeable support. The program is producingexciting results well ahead of target, pavingway for WWF Nepal to replicate similarambitious landscape level initiatives.
IX. Towards the end of the last troubleddecade (1996–2006) most of the develop-ment efforts of the government andvarious international agencies came to avirtual standstill. Security became the toppriority for the government. Internationalagencies struggled to maintain theirneutrality and to keep the momentumgoing so as not to lose many decades ofwork. WWF Nepal held steady, againstthe odds. Its projects continued with evenmore vigour, involving communities andempowering them to be in control of thenatural resources in their vicinity. How-ever, WWF Nepal was unable to preventseveral setbacks to biodiversity. Thechallenges were simply overwhelming.
X. Today, as we give the final touchesto our Strategic Plan (2006–2011), a greatdeal of optimism is in the air. The peopleof Nepal, previously reduced to a passivestate, have bounced back with a ven-geance. But, this is also a very delicatetime. As an agency working in Nepal formany decades and staffed by hundredpercent Nepali staff, we know that the
IX
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
country can ill afford any more chaos andconflict. Still, we firmly believe that someof the attributes of Nepali society havechanged irreversibly in the past decadeor so. As a consequence, people are nowat the centre of development dialogueand interventions and will remain so inthe future.
XI. This vindicates the long-held view ofWWF Nepal that development efforts, ingeneral, and conservation initiatives, inparticular, can be effectively executedonly if they win the confidence of thepeople affected. For conservation initia-tives it is vital that people are educated asto the significance of conservation to theircurrent and future livelihoods, while alsoprovided with tangible benefits and relief inthe short term. For this to take placeefficiently, all development players shouldensure the establishment and involvementof right, able, and representative commu-nity institutions.
XII. These considerations were funda-mental to the evolution of WWF Nepal’sprogram implementation models in Nepal.As an international organization weremained engaged with the Governmentof Nepal in all of our endeavours. WWFNepal has tirelessly continued to institu-tionalize community based organizationsin the locations in which we work and tobuild their capacity for sustained andeffective delivery of conservation resultson the ground.
XIII. Our Strategic Plan (2006–2011)builds on the same logic, enriched by theexperiences of the last five years and thelessons learned. It is mindful of ourlimited institutional capacity. It factors inthe global challenges and opportunitiesthat conservation organizations includingWWF Nepal are expected to face incoming five years. It also takes intoconsideration the priorities set forth bythe Government of Nepal in its variouspolicies and plans. This plan is theoutcome of comprehensive discussionwith stakeholders and staff.
XIV. During 2006–2011, WWF Nepal’smajor conservation actions will takeplace in targeted areas within its threepriority landscapes: Terai Arc Landscape(TAL), Sacred Himalayan Landscape(SHL), and Northern Mountain Landscape(NML). Together, these landscapesconstitute over 38% of Nepal’s landmass. These landscapes have beenidentified as biologically outstandingwildlife habitats and fall within the Global200 Ecoregions.
XV. Within these landscapes, WWFNepal will strive for: (i) the protection of1.3 million hectares of representativeforest ecosystems under the ProtectedAreas system, (ii) the sustainablemanagement of 310,000 hectares ofcritical forests in identified corridors,bottlenecks, and biodiversity hotspots,and (iii) the restoration of 50,000 hect-
X
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
ares of degraded forests. WWF Nepal willalso strive to maintain ecologically,demographically, and genetically viablepopulations of key species and species ofspecial concern. Strong efforts will bemade to minimize the human-wildlifeconflict. WWF Nepal, through livelihoodbased conservation initiatives, will try toreduce the threat to species from adjoin-ing human populations. Focused andconcerted efforts will be made, in collabo-ration with the government and otherpartners, to minimize the illegal wildlifetrade and overexploitation of key speciesand species of special concern.
XVI. In addition, WWF Nepal will worktowards maintaining critical environmentalprocesses at three Ramsar sites withinNepal supporting the habitats of keyfreshwater species. An integrated riverbasin management approach will bepiloted to manage critical areas in theKoshi river basin. WWF Nepal will en-deavour to increase awareness about theimpact of global warming and climatechange in Nepal among national andglobal stakeholders and audiences.Proactive measures will be taken tominimize the impacts of climate changeon the most vulnerable communities andecosystems in Nepal.
XVII. WWF Nepal will identify andpromote safer alternatives to the hazard-ous chemicals currently being used toincrease agricultural productivity. WWFNepal will provide affordable and environ-
mentally sustainable alternative energysources to the communities that it workswith.
XVIII. Social inclusion, good gover-nance, and transparency will be har-nessed to meet WWF Nepal’s overarchinggoals of biodiversity conservation andsustainable development. Promotion ofnon timber forest products (NTFP) andecotourism will be used as vehicles toimplement livelihood strategies. Allprojects and programs of WWF Nepal willbe geared towards social reconciliationand peace-building among the multipleand varied stakeholders in Nepal’s naturalresources.
XIX. WWF Nepal will educate thecommunities that it works with and theNepali population at large about environ-mental issues. Thousands of WWF Nepaldeveloped eco-club members will beinvolved in educating the youth onenvironmental issues and solutions. WWFNepal will engage business and industryin Nepal and make them partners inconservation.
XX. WWF Nepal will engage in dialoguewith government agencies and develop-ment organizations whose work couldotherwise negatively impact onbiodiversity in Nepal. Strong efforts will bemade to emphasize the need to recognizeand address environment perspectivesand concerns in development work ingeneral.
XI
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
XXI. The goals that WWF Nepal hasset are ambitious, considering our limitedorganizational capacity. However, theyare attainable if we effectively leveragethe combined capacities of relevantorganizations and projects working in thesame geographic and thematic areas.Some such organizations may not haveconservation on their agenda, yet theirwork could have a significant impact onconservation. Engaging these agencies inconservation efforts will also increase ourinfluence on them, harnessing in thebargain a much greater recognition of theconservation issues at hand. WWF Nepalwill duly recognize the expertise andcontribution of such partner organizationsand share its success generously.
XXII. WWF Nepal has been privilegedto work closely with the Government ofNepal ever since it started working inNepal. The Government of Nepal hasbeen immensely supportive of conserva-tion, bringing out consistently path-breaking policies and regulations. It hasalso directed its agencies to implementconservation projects with us. It was theefficient and result-delivering combinationof: (i) the authority and mandate ofgovernment-led projects, (ii) the accom-modative financial and technical supportof WWF Nepal, and (iii) the active involve-ment of communities that formed a winingcombination ensuring implementationeven during the last troubled decade. Forobvious reasons, WWF Nepal plans tocontinue this model in the years to come.
WWF Nepal, along with its partnerorganizations, will continue to engage thegovernment in policy dialogue paving theway for an even more progressive frame-work and policies.
XXIII. Many of the community basedorganizations (CBOs) that WWF Nepalhas been instrumental in establishinghave come of age. These CBOs can nowindependently implement a variety ofconservation activities concerning andimpacting on the communities theyrepresent. These and other similarorganizations will be a much moreprominent part of WWF Nepal’s projectimplementation strategy and businessmodel in this strategic plan period. WWFNepal expects that this development willconsiderably increase the effectivenessand efficiency of its projects and pro-grams.
XXIV. The consistent exposure ofWWF Nepal’s front-line field-based staffto the realities on the ground and theirskill in adapting to situations quickly,combined with the expertise of theprofessional staff in Kathmandu inresource mobilization, has proved to be awinning combination. This formula hashelped keep WWF Nepal’s conservationinitiatives afloat during the turbulent past.Efforts to build staff capacity and createan enabling environment for staff toperform optimally and prosper have paidrich dividends. WWF Nepal will continuethese endeavours with increased vigour.
XII
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
XXV. This strategic plan will aim for aclearer accountability structure throughoutthe organization. Incentives and growthwithin the organization will be linked moreobjectively to performance and effective-ness. The current Advisory Board will bereconstituted and activated to providestrategic guidance and direction to WWFNepal. Intra-office fundraising and auditteams will be formed to effectively leadthe resource mobilization and transpar-ency drives.
XXVI. While a degree of donor diversifi-cation was achieved during the last planperiod, WWF Nepal will continue to workhard to bring on board even more diversedonors. WWF Nepal will also make aneffort to secure long-term commitmentsfrom institutional donors for conservationin Nepal.
XXVII. Comprehensive monitoring andevaluation mechanisms will be furtherstrengthened, based on WWF Nepal’sexperience and lessons learned, to monitoractivities, output, purpose, impact, etc., atvarious levels. Monitoring will be con-
ducted at regular and practical intervalsfollowing our Monitoring and EvaluationFramework and WWF Network Standardsso as to bring to the fore lessons learnedand change the course of action whereneeded in a timely manner. A centraldatabase management system will bedeveloped to help with this process.
XXVIII. Despite all the excitement,goodwill, and proven institutional commit-ment, the business of biodiversity conser-vation in Nepal is not devoid of risks.Power politics can at times force hastydecisions pushing aside environmentalconcerns under the guise of publicinterest. Opening up the economy furthermight encourage an onslaught of foreigninvestors wishing to exploit Nepal’snatural resources without consideration ofthe impact of their deeds on its fragileecology and ecosystems. This wouldclearly add to the already intimidating listof challenges facing conservation inNepal. As a leading conservation organi-zation in Nepal we will prepare ourselvesto take on these challenge and any otherchallenges that may arise.
XIII
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AcknowledgmentsWWF Nepal acknowledges with gratitude thesupport received from the following partners,donors, and supporters:
Government of Nepal; Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation (MFSC); Ministry of Environment,Science and Technology (MOEST); Ministry ofCulture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MOCTCA);Ministry of Finance (MOF); Ministry of Agricultureand Livestock; National Planning Commission(NPC); Social Welfare Council; Department ofNational Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC);Department of Forests (DoF); Department ofHydrology and Meteorology (DHM); Nepal TourismBoard (NTB).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Finland; The BritishEmbassy; The American Embassy; The Embassy ofPakistan; Royal Netherlands Embassy (New Delhi)
United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment(USAID); DGIS/Netherlands Develop-ment Organization (SNV); Kadoorie Agricultural AidAssociation (KAAA); Kadoorie Charitable Fund(KCF); The MacArthur Foundation; The Baber AliFoundation; Save the Tiger Fund (STF); US Fishand Wildlife Services (USFWS); Johnson andJohnson; IUCN Regional Office (Vietnam); Univer-sity of Zurich; Department for International Devel-opment (DFID); European Commission (EU)
Jim Ottaway; Late Hendrik J Schure; Dr Croucher;Singer Rankin; Cherie Bremer-Camp; Dr Ted Tai-SenLin; Victor and Caroline Adams; Dr Judith and MichaelBrown; Nancy Abraham.
WWF International (Asian Rhinos and ElephantAction Strategy Programme and WWF TigerProgramme); WWF US; WWF UK; WWF Finland;WWF Netherlands; WWF New Zealand; WWFFrance; WWF Germany; WWF China; WWFIndonesia; WWF South Pacific; WWF India;International Center for Integrated MountainDevelopment (ICIMOD); CARE Nepal; The WorldConservation Union (IUCN); United Nation’sDevelopment Program (UNDP); Alternative EnergyPromotion Center (AEPC); The Mountain Institute(TMI); Winrock International; JICA; PracticalAction; King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conserva-tion (KMTNC); Vaidya’s Organisation of Industriesand Trading Houses (VOITH); Resources HimalayaFoundation; Wildlife Conservation Nepal; Federa-tion of Community Forestry Users, Nepal(FECOFUN); Nepalnature.com; EnvironmentalCamps for Conservation Awareness (ECCA);Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists(NEFEJ); Society of Environmental Journalists(SEJ); Clean Energy Nepal (CEN); BSP;Kathmandu University; Tribhuvan University
WWF Nepal would like to express specialthanks to: Community Based Organizations;Nepali media organizations; Forest UsersCoordination Committees; Community ForestUser’s Groups, Buffer Zone User’s Group; BufferZone Councils; Eco Club Networks;Kangchenjunga Conservation Area ManagementCouncil; Nepal Red Cross; Mother Groups; EcoClubs; Youth Clubs; District DevelopmentCommittees (DDCs); Village DevelopmentCommittees (VDCs); and local communities allover Nepal.
1
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
1 WWF Nepal’s Strategic Plan (2002-2006), which concluded in June 2006,took place in one of the most turbulentperiods in Nepal’s history. The scale andintensity of the conflict between theMaoist insurgents and the state took atoll on the entire nation. Although WWFNepal is a neutral organization, our workwas not completely invulnerable to theeffects of the conflict.
2 Recent events in Nepal haveheralded positive changes in the politicalsituation. The nation is ready to move on,challenging age-old social and culturalnorms that held back progress, andaddressing the aspirations of a diversepopulation. The hopes of the entire Nepalipopulation have been rekindled at thisjuncture. WWF Nepal’s new StrategicPlan (2006-2011) could not have come ata better time.
3 WWF Nepal must seize everyopportunity to put the conservationagenda at the centre of developmentefforts which will be initiated by theGovernment of Nepal and its international
supporters. The state of biodiversity andthe environment in Nepal is intertwinedwith the wellbeing of the Nepali peopleand WWF Nepal will apply our resourcesto address the major causes and chal-lenges to loss of biodiversity. As sys-temic problems cannot be solved bycosmetic measures, in the coming years,organizations like ours will play animportant role in leading and inspiringchanges that will create a better future forthe nation.
4 The new strategic plan not onlyshows what needs to be done, but alsoaddresses how it can be achieved. Itforwards clear goals for WWF in Nepal inthe next five years, and what resourcesare required to realize this vision. Ourprinciples and strategies to deliverconservations results on the ground haveevolved with changes in Nepal’s workingenvironment. Despite the odds, in the lastfive years the capacities of WWF Nepal’spartners as well as our own have beensignificantly enhanced. The new strategicplan endeavors to capitalize on thesegains and lessons learned.
Introduction
2
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
The Nepali ContextTHE COUNTRY
5 Nepal is a country of contrasts.Located between two giants, India andChina, Nepal stretches 145–241kilometres north to south and 850kilometres east to west, with a total landmass of 147,181 square kilometres. Forits relatively small size, Nepal has widealtitudinal and climatic variances, fromthe high mountains in the north, to theTerai in the south. Nepal lies betweenlatitudes 26°22’ to 30°27’ N and longitudes80°04’ to 88°12’ E.
6 Nepal can be divided into threeecological regions: the Terai (below 300m),the hills (300–3,000m), and the mountains(above 3,000m). The Terai is an extensionof the Gangetic plains of India andconstitutes approximately 18 per cent ofNepal’s total land area. The Terai is oftencalled the ‘rice bowl’ of Nepal due to itsfertile land. The hill region isphysiographically the most diverse, withridges and valleys, and constitutes about48 per cent of the total land area. Themountain region covers about 34 per cent
3
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
POLITICAL CONTEXT
9 Change has been an all too familiarconstant in Nepal’s political history. Therehave been eight changes of PrimeMinister in the past five years. The locallyelected bodies at the village, municipal,and district levels have been absent sinceJuly 2002. Nepal’s Maoist insurgencybegan in a handful of districts in February1996 and spread rapidly to other parts ofthe country. In the last decade, Nepal hasbeen entangled in a three-way tusslebetween the monarchy, the politicalparties, and the Maoists. In the mostrecent political development, the parlia-ment that was dissolved on 22 May 2002was reinstated on 25 April 2006 after 19days of protest by the people. A procla-mation by the revived House of Represen-tative on 18 May 2006 established thepeople of Nepal as the sole source ofstate power and sovereignty. This politicaldevelopment has paved the way forconflict resolution and peace building inNepal.
10 The impact of the insurgency hasbeen enormous. The main physicaltargets have been infrastructure, indus-trial production, trade, and tourism, all ofwhich affect people and nature. Asnational security became the primaryconcern, there was a correspondingdecrease in the intensity of enforcementactivities. Protection units inside pro-tected areas shrank and forests andwildlife became vulnerable to illegalactivities like poaching for the illegalwildlife trade and the illegal harvest andsale of timber and non-timber forestproducts (NTFPs). Many protected areasand District Forest Office infrastructure
of the land area and is characterized byrugged terrain and a harsh climate.
7 Nepal comprises only 0.09 per centof the Earth’s global land mass, but itpossesses a much richer diversity of floraand fauna at the genetic, species, andecosystem levels than many othercountries. It supports 2.6 per cent of thetotal number of globally known butterflies(640spp), 1 per cent of freshwater fishspecies (182spp), 1 per cent of amphib-ians (43spp), 1.6 per cent of reptiles(100spp), 9.3 per cent of birds (852spp),and 4.5 per cent of mammals (181spp)(NBS 2002). Nepal is home to some ofthe world’s rarest animals and plantsincluding 3 critically endangered, 14endangered, and 42 vulnerable animalspecies, and two endangered and fourvulnerable plant species (2000 IUCN RedList of Threatened Species). This wealthof biodiversity and high level of endemismis due to Nepal’s location, at the intersec-tion of the Palearctic and Indo-Malayanbiogeographical realms, and its diversephysiography, high altitudinal variationwithin a short latitudinal distance, climaticcontrast, and seasonal rainfall pattern.
8 To complement its naturalbiodiversity, Nepal has what is popularlyknown as ‘a garden of peoples’. Over 100different ethnic/caste groups make up apopulation of more than 27 million people(estimated 2005 Census). The Terai hasthe highest population (48.5%), followedby the hills (44.2%), and the mountains(7.3%). The average population densityand growth follows the same order asabove with the Terai in the lead. Theannual population growth rate indicated bythe Census of 2001 is 2.27 per cent.
4
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
were destroyed. Revenue from tourism inmany protected areas dropped asNepal’s popularity as a travel destinationwaned. Many community forests wentunattended because of the poor securitysituation and a high risk of being caughtin crossfire. People were unable toaccess forests for their daily needs, toprotect natural resources, or conductsilvicultural operations.
11 On a positive note, the insurgencybrought home the importance of inclusive-ness. It necessitated the adoption of goodgovernance practices, which translatedinto greater transparency and accountabil-ity of organizations and projects in Nepal.
ECONOMIC CONTEXT
12 Nepal falls far behind on the globallist in relation to economic health. A majorcontributor to the economic stagnation isundoubtedly the long conflict. Accordingto a report by the Asian DevelopmentBank (ADB), physical infrastructure worthat least $250 million has been destroyedsince the conflict began?. Conflict relateddisruptions such as strikes, securitychecks, blockades, shutdowns, andextortion have increased the cost ofeconomic activities and contributed to aneconomic slowdown. The economy hasalso suffered from a decline in develop-ment expenditure, which has fallen byone-third since 2001. In contrast, govern-ment security expenditure almost doubledfrom 1.6 per cent to 3 per cent of theGDP during the same period (ADB).Inflation rose by 9 per cent (2005) as theindustrial, trade, and tourism sectors wereincreasing paralyzed. The aggregate GDP
growth was 5.3 per cent per year betweenFY 1999–2001, but is now predicted togrow by only 3.7 per cent in FY 2005.
13 The slowdown in the economyhas led to an increase in unemploymentrates and prices. With few or no alterna-tive employment opportunities, peoplehave become increasingly involved inthe unsustainable extraction of naturalresources. Capitalizing on their eco-nomic vulnerability, middlemen areluring Nepali people into these illegalactivities. The situation is compoundedby a weak legal system and lack ofenforcement, placing Nepal’sbiodiversity under extreme pressure.
14 There is hope that Nepal’s strategicposition between two of Asia’s fastestgrowing economies (India and China) willstimulate the economy, if Nepal cancapitalize on the opportunities presented byits location as a transit country and by freetrade in the region. The danger lies in thepossible over-exploitation of Nepal’s naturalresources. For example, in the race toharness Nepal’s water resources, energy-hungry economies could persuade Nepal toinvest in large hydro-electricity projectswithout proper environmental impactmitigation measures. This may have anadverse impact on the environment. Thepromise of economic benefits couldoverride environmental considerations.
SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT
15 Approximately 85 per cent ofNepalis live in rural areas. In 2003–2004,poverty in Nepal was estimated at 31 percent (NPC 2004) with large variations
5
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
between regions. Forty-four per cent ofthe rural population lives on less than US$1 a day, compared to about 23 per centin urban areas. Of the country’s ecologi-cal regions, poverty in the mountains issignificantly above the national average,at about 55 per cent, as it is in theremote Mid- and Far-Western districtswhere poverty is as high as 70 per cent.Nepal is predominantly an agrariansociety. The vast rural population de-pends on indigenous knowledge andtraditional technology. The naturalresource base is intricately linked withtraditional agricultural technology.
16 Migration to the Terai from otherparts of Nepal, by people in search ofbetter living conditions and opportunities,is a common phenomenon. The intactnessof the forests in the Terai is a majorattraction. Political instability and theinsurgency has left nearly 400,000 ruralfamilies internally displaced, while thou-sands of others have crossed over toIndia in search of work. The in-migrantsand the internally displaced people tend tosettle in the fringe areas around theforests and place tremendous pressure onnatural resources. With the influence ofglobalization, the traditional Nepalilifestyle is being transformed into one thatdemands more natural resources.
17 The education of Nepal’s futuregenerations will enable them to be moreaware of their role in the conservation ofbiodiversity. Advances in telecommunica-tions and information technology will helpWWF Nepal to promote an active andethical approach to the environment.
POLICY CONTEXT
18 Nepal is signatory to a numberof major international conventions onthe environment, confirming its com-mitment to protect its biologicalwealth. It has made significant invest-ments in conserving its naturalspaces. Nepal is among a handful ofnations that has more than 18 per centof its land mass under protected areassystems. It has developed an institu-tional capacity for the protection andmanagement of valuable biologicalresources and formulated variouspolicies to this effect. Most notableamong them are the National Park andWildlife Conservation Act 1973, theWater Resource Act 1992, the ForestAct 1993, and the Environment Protec-tion Act 1996.
19 Although Nepal’s policies areconducive to biodiversity conservation,the cohesiveness and consistencybetween sectoral policies must beimproved. Some policies are contradic-tory, leading to difficulties in enforce-ment. The policy reform process is slowand the enforcement part of existingpolicies is weak.
20 Major guiding policies like theMillennium Development Goals (MDGs),Nepal’s Tenth Plan, the SustainableDevelopment Agenda for Nepal (SDAN),and the Nepal Biodiversity Strategy(NBS) recognize the conservation ofbiological resources as an importantstrategy for the overall development ofthe nation.
6
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
CONSERVATION CHALLENGES
IN NEPAL
21 Despite untiring conservationefforts, Nepal’s rich biodiversity is beingthreatened by a range of issues—fromgenetic erosion to the degradation ofecosystems. A rigorous exercise duringWWF Nepal’s strategic planning processidentified the following as major conserva-tion issues in Nepal:
i. Forest DegradationForests are under great pressure fromdegradation and depletion in Nepal. Manystudies suggest that more than one-third ofNepal’s forests have been converted to otherland uses, largely agricultural, over the last40 years. The factors leading to forest lossand degradation are multiple and complex.They include the conversion of forests toother land uses, the unsustainable extractionof timber and fuelwood, uncontrolled grazing,forest fires, slash and burn agriculture, lackof secure tenure of local communities, andambiguous and contradictory policies.Moreover, forests are sometimes threatenedby the unintended consequences of develop-ment efforts, particularly when the impor-tance of forests for biodiversity conservation,ecological services, and revenue generationare not recognized.
ii. Overexploitation of NTFP/MAPsNatural habitats, mainly in high altitudeareas, are being depleted of high valueNTFP and MAP species because ofunsustainable harvesting for trade. Some ofthe underlying causes are the lack ofenforcement of anti-poaching restrictions, thepolicy obstruction of legal trade in NTFPsand MAPs, external market demand, lack ofcommunity ownership and management, and
unsustainable grazing practices, especiallyin alpine meadows. Policy reform in relationto NTFPs/MAPs has been relatively slow.
ii. Species LossKey species in Nepal face threats fromhabitat degradation and loss, which iscaused by encroachment, conversion offorests for agriculture and other uses,livestock grazing, forest fires, floods, andlandslides. Habitats are also impacted on bythe overexploitation of natural resources,invasive alien species, and natural succes-sion in grasslands and wetlands. Thedecline in the population of species isattributed to poaching, the retaliatory killingof wildlife, and an imbalance between preyand predator species. Population growth,poverty, exploitative traditional uses, lowawareness, and institutional weaknesses,such as inadequate capacities and re-sources, are a few of the underlying causesof species loss in Nepal.
iv. Wildlife Poachingand Illegal TradeNepal has been identified as a transitcountry for the illegal trade of wildlife,wildlife parts, and their derivatives. Thepoaching of key species like rhinoceroshas increased in the Terai, mostly due topoor security measures. In the mountains,the poaching of musk deer is on the rise.Weak law enforcement and the lack ofsectoral coordination are the main chal-lenges that must be faced in order to curbwildlife poaching and the illegal trade inwildlife. Nepal’s open borders with Indiaand China have further aggravated theproblem. Some of the underlying causesare lack of awareness, traditional prac-tices, international market demand, and achance to make extra money.
7
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
v. Human-wildlife ConflictHuman-wildlife conflict is an emergingissue in Nepal. An increasing number ofwildlife in protected areas are coming intocontact with humans because of conser-vation measures and/or low prey-predatorratios. The depredation of crops andlivestock in surrounding areas sometimesresults in retaliatory killings and a nega-tive attitude among locals towardsconservation initiatives.
vi. Climate ChangeClimate change in Nepal poses a threat tobiodiversity and to people. The high rateof glacier retreat in the Himalayas causedby climate change has increased Nepal’svulnerability to catastrophic events suchas glacier lake outburst floods (GLOF).These events can have devastatingconsequences for infrastructure, property,and communities living downstream.Unfortunately, information about theimpact of climate change on biodiversityand humans remains low on the nationalagenda. Ecosystems, habitats, andspecies are all vulnerable to climatechange. Other impacts of climate changeinclude unpredictable weather patterns,changes in freshwater resources, and anincrease in the intensity and frequency oflandslides and flooding.
vii. Degradation ofFreshwater SystemsExcessive use of fertilizers and the toxicresidue from chemical pesticides hasdiminished soil fertility, contaminatedfreshwater sources, and threatened publichealth. The unsustainable use of freshwa-ter resources is a serious threat to habitatdegradation and species loss. The wet-lands of Nepal are threatened by the
invasion of alien species, siltation, agricul-tural runoff, encroachment, and theunsustainable extraction of wetlandresources.
viii. Unregulated TourismProtected areas in Nepal are major touristdestinations for mountaineering, trekking,and wildlife viewing. An increase in thenumber of tourists visiting these areas willexert pressure on the already depletednatural resources. Solid waste pollution,forest resource depletion, habitat degrada-tion, and the detrimental impact on wildlifeare some of the adverse consequences ofunregulated tourism in Nepal.
ix. SecurityThe past decade of conflict in Nepal hasled to a rapid decline in security. As theviolence escalated, people, property, andinfrastructure, as well as natural re-sources and biodiversity, became increas-ingly threatened. The impact of theconflict on rural Nepal was especiallyacute, resulting in a growing tide ofinternally displaced people. As nationalsecurity became the main agenda, theneed to sustain the conservation gainsalready made became more apparent.
x. Other IssuesWeak governance and institutionalmechanisms, corruption, inequality,discrimination on the basis of gender andethnicity, and ambiguous policies areseen as challenges for effective conser-vation initiatives. The increasing popula-tion pressure, rampant poverty, and lowlevel of awareness among local communi-ties about the sustainable management ofnatural resources are some of the otherissues facing conservation in Nepal.
9
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
WWF in Nepal22 As environmental awareness took theworld by storm in the 1960s, WWF recognizedthe importance of safeguarding Nepal’s richand unique biodiversity. Starting with supportfor the conservation of the severely depletedpopulation of greater one-horned rhinos andBengal tigers, WWF Nepal has always beenstrongly committed to ensuring that bothwildlife and people live in harmony.
23 WWF takes pride in its achievementsover the last four decades since it started workin Nepal. What began as purely species conser-vation and habitat management through endan-gered species research and the establishment ofnational parks has evolved slowly into a moreconciliatory approach that acknowledges the roleof local communities in conservation. Thisconcept led to the design and implementation ofthe Integrated Conservation and DevelopmentProgram (ICDP), which focuses on building thecapacity of conservation partners and localcommunities, strengthening protected areamanagement, community-based resourcemanagement, and conservation education.
24 Nepal has been a leader in conservationwith some truly astounding conservationmodels. WWF Nepal has been at the forefrontof conservation in Nepal introducing the latestconservation concepts and practices. Themost recent example is the shift from site-based conservation in isolated protectedareas, to a vast landscape level approach thatensures not only a better future for wildlife butalso takes into account the sustainablelivelihoods of people and the provision ofecological services. This landscape approach
has guided WWF Nepal’s close partnership withthe Government of Nepal to conserve all facetsof biodiversity and ecological processes,cultural integrity, and local livelihoods in theTerai Arc Landscape, Sacred HimalayanLandscape, and Northern Mountain Landscape.
25 In 1993, the WWF Nepal Program Officewas established in order to increase andcoordinate conservation efforts in Nepal. Sincethen, WWF Nepal has played an important rolein imparting technical and financial inputs tothe Government of Nepal in biodiversity-related policy making, planning, and in theimplementation of projects. With WWF Nepal’sinvolvement in some of the most successfulconservation programs, it is now considered tobe among the key organizations involved inconservation in Nepal. WWF Nepal functionsas an international non-governmental organiza-tion based on an agreement with nodal govern-ment agencies as per the requirements of theGovernment of Nepal.
26 Some of WWF Nepal’s major conser-vation successes in the past four decadesinclude bringing the Greater One-Hornedrhinoceros back from the brink of extinction,stabilizing the population of Bengal tigers,the establishment of functional corridors forwildlife, conserving traditional knowledgeand practices for the sustainable use ofnatural resources, establishing and strength-ening community-based organizations suchas anti-poaching operations and youthgroups, and piloting a project for a commu-nity-managed conservation area—the first ofits kind in Nepal.
11
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
27 The organizational goal in the laststrategic plan period (2002–2006) was toshift from project-based conservation to amore ambitious programmatic approachlinked directly to WWF’s global targets forspecies and forests. Today, all of WWFNepal’s projects in the field contribute tothe global mission of stopping the degrada-tion of the Earth and ensuring a futurewhere humans live in harmony with nature.
28 A noteworthy achievement duringthe last strategic plan period was thesuccessful implementation of the firstphase of the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL)Program, the largest and most ambitiousconservation endeavour in Nepal’sconservation history. The Terai ArcLandscape has been identified as apriority landscape for conservation in theTenth Plan (2002–2007) of the Govern-ment of Nepal. WWF Nepal supported thegovernment in the preparation of the TeraiArc Landscape–Nepal Strategic Plan andImplementation Plan (2004–2014) toproduce effective conservation resultsfrom the synergistic efforts of partners.WWF Nepal has also been successful inrestoring and establishing functionalwildlife corridors. Research providescompelling evidence that these restoredareas are being used by mega-fauna likerhinos and tigers. This increases theprobability of the long-term survival of keyspecies. Rhinos from the source popula-
tion at Chitwan National Park weresuccessfully translocated to theShuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve to estab-lish a third breeding population. Theregular monitoring and research of keyspecies and their habitats is undertakenby WWF Nepal in protected and criticalareas. The gains made in the Teraiinspired the initiation of a similar land-scape approach for the mountains calledthe Sacred Himalayan Landscape.
29 WWF Nepal pioneered the conceptof a community managed conservationarea and supported its realization in theKangchenjunga Conservation Area.Another significant achievement of WWFNepal is the conservation and sustainableuse of endangered medicinal and aro-matic plants in Dolpo through the use oftraditional knowledge and practices.
30 WWF Nepal has made significantadvances in climate change through theClimate Change Program and the ClimateChange Network Nepal. The ClimateChange Network Nepal is a network ofnine different agencies working in climatechange in Nepal. Through this network,WWF Nepal played an important role inpersuading the Government of Nepal toratify the Kyoto Protocol. The understand-ing of glacier retreat in Nepal has alsobeen enhanced through a regional projecton climate change research on Himalayan
Progress Made (2002–2006)
12
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
glaciers. Recognizing the growing interna-tional concern for the future of our waterresources and the increasing nationalconcern for the degradation of freshwatersources, WWF Nepal began the Freshwa-ter Program. The Freshwater Programaims to safeguard Nepal’s freshwatersystems and the biodiversity they sup-port, which has significant implications forSouth Asia.
31 WWF Nepal’s conservation-basedlivelihood initiatives, such as alternativeenergy schemes, income generatingactivities, and skill development trainings,have directly benefited 25,000 householdsin Nepal. The communities in WWF Nepalworking areas have also benefited fromimproved community infrastructures,community services, health facilities, anddrinking water and sanitation schemes. Tofurther enhance WWF Nepal’s conserva-tion-based livelihood initiatives, a sustain-able livelihoods mainstreaming strategywas prepared and is currently beingimplemented.
32 Strategic partnerships were criticalto these achievements. WWF Nepal hassucceeded in forging diverse new partner-ship like the Business DevelopmentServices–Marketing Production andServices (BDS-Maps) partnership, whichwas formed to promote business entrepre-neurship; the Strengthening Actions forGovernance in Utilization of NaturalResources Program (SAGUN), whichpromotes good governance; and theWestern Terai Landscape Building/Complex Project (WTLB/CP) in the TeraiArc Landscape–Nepal. WWF Nepal wasalso successful in developing an effectiveimplementation modality, in partnership
with the Government of Nepal, to shareresources and ownership. WWF Nepal hasdeveloped and strengthened communitybased organizations to sustain theseinterventions.
33 WWF Nepal has improved itsdocumentation, research, and monitoringto be more accountable, not only to theglobal conservation community and theWWF Network, but also to our localpartners and stakeholders. WWF Nepalhas initiated a central database of ourprojects and programs and is overhaulingits Conservation Resource Centre, whichwill benefit other organizations andindividuals.
34 Two key areas where WWF Nepalfell short in the last strategic plan wereecotourism and the launch of the Toxicand Pollutants Program. Ecotourism hasbeen identified as an effective way toimprove local livelihoods and conservenature. Although WWF Nepal was able togain the support and participation of localcommunities, a rapidly changing politicalcontext, especially in rural Nepal wherethe Maoist insurgency found fertileground, proved to be a formidable chal-lenge. Coupled with a decrease in overalltourist arrivals, ecotourism did not takeoff as planned. The Toxic and PollutantsProgram, an important area of WWF’sglobal work, could not be implementedaccording to the strategic plan becausemany of the program activities werelinked to ecotourism.
35 A detailed examination of paststrategic plans shows that, although WWFNepal has made important gains inconservation, it was not far-sighted
13
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
enough to plan for the recent turbulenttimes in Nepal. During the period of thelast strategic plan the Maoist insurgencyintensified, affecting the implementation ofmany field activities. The volatile politicalsituation saw numerous governmentscome and go. WWF Nepal’s emphasis oncommunity-led conservation and theincorporation of sustainable developmentactivities were among the most importantfactors allowing WWF Nepal to continueworking in the field.
36 As part of a global conservationorganization, WWF Nepal is not immuneto changes on the international front. Theeffects of September 11 have reached asfar as Nepal and are impacting on rev-enue. WWF Nepal has learnt to adaptquickly and diversified its donor portfolio.Since 2002, WWF Nepal has succeededin bringing in new donors from the WWFNetwork and significant GAA donors.
37 During the past strategic plan periodWWF Nepal did not revisit its strategy asoften as required by the evolving program-matic priorities within the WWF Networkand the rapidly changing operatingenvironment. Critical revisions to reflecthow WWF Nepal continued to work in aconflict situation would have helped WWFNepal to focus on strategic directions in aproactive manner. This would also havecontributed to a global comprehension ofhow to deliver conservation results in aconflict situation. As a result of thislearning WWF Nepal’s Strategic Plan(2006–2011) will be dynamic and serve asa useful and practical guide to the imple-mentation of our initiatives.
LESSONS LEARNED
38 As a science based organizationWWF places a lot of value on lessonslearned and knowledge. Therefore, regularreflection sessions on programs arestructured to document best practices andlessons learned. Below are the mainlessons learned by WWF Nepal during thelast strategic plan period.
� Restorative measures alone are notenough to ensure ecosystem integrityin degraded forest corridors. Scientificplanning is necessary for the manage-ment of biological corridors with theobjective of conservation at thelandscape level.
� Livelihood support cannot be effectiveunless packaged with skill develop-ment, finance, business development,and marketing linkages.
� Building on indigenous institutions andknowledge will provide an innovativeapproach to biodiversity conservation.
� Involving community based organiza-tions in an implementation role willincrease local ownership of projectactivities while also building theircapacity.
� Partnerships between different multi-sectoral partners are crucial to addressthe root causes of biodiversity loss.Strategic partnerships with non-fundinginstitutions are also important.
� Staying alert to the external environ-ment and equipping the organizationwith appropriate strategies to over-come challenges will help in theimplementation of projects, especiallyduring crisis or conflict situations.
15
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
VISIONWWF Nepal envisions a prosperous Nepal with a society possessing an ethic ofstewardship and responsibility towards nature.By 2050 Nepal will have:� Conserved biodiversity and the natural processes that sustain it in the Global 200
Ecoregions within Nepal.� Established social and economic development patterns that assure the sustain-
able and equitable provision of natural goods and services, improving livelihoodsand quality of life for current and future generations.
� Eliminated or mitigated critical threats to species, habitats, and ecological pro-cesses that derive from climate change, over exploitation of resources, unsustain-able consumption, and pollution.
MISSIONMISSIONMISSIONMISSIONMISSIONWWF Nepal’s Mission is to stop the degradation of Nepal’snatural environment, and to build a future in which people live inharmony with nature by:� Conserving biological diversity� Ensuring the sustainable use of renewable natural resources� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption� Securing sustainable livelihoods
GOALBy 2015 WWF Nepal shall conserve atleast 3 priority landscapes within the Global200 Ecoregions by:� Reducing threats to species, habitat and
ecological processes� Improving the livelihoods of local people
16
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
CONSERVATION PRIORITIES
39 “We shan’t save all we should liketo, but we shall save a great deal morethan if we never tried,” remarked Sir PeterScott, the founder of WWF. In the yearssince WWF was founded, WWF hasrefined a set of global priorities to helpsave as much as possible and in the bestpossible way. These priorities cover siximportant issues and some of the mostimportant places in the world forbiodiversity conservation (The Global 200Ecoregions).
40 WWF Nepal bases its programdevelopment on the global issues withinthe prioritized Global 200 Ecoregions. Inaddition, WWF Nepal will also work onissues and/or areas of regional andnational importance.
PRIORITY THEMATIC
PROGRAMS
41 WWF works for the conservation offorests, freshwater, and marine ecosys-tems globally. These ecosystems encom-pass the bulk of the world’s biodiversityand provide the environmental goods andservices upon which all life ultimatelydepends. WWF has identified a smallnumber of flagship species whoseconservation is of special concern andwhich act as powerful icons for theconservation of other species and habi-
tats. WWF has also targeted the mostglobally pervasive and insidious of allthreats to biodiversity: the phenomenon ofclimate change.
42 Among the five thematic programsof global priority, WWF Nepal will concen-trate its efforts on four. WWF Nepal willwork to conserve flagship and priority keyspecies and their habitats, forests,freshwater, and to mitigate the pervasivethreat of climate change to species andtheir habitats. WWF Nepal’s work willcontribute to the following global thematicprograms:
� Forests� Species� Climate Change� Freshwater
43 The effective delivery of conserva-tion results under the four thematic areaswill be supported by crosscutting pro-grams on policy and advocacy, sustain-able livelihoods, communications andmarketing, and education.
44 To bring about solid conservationresults with larger impacts, other emerg-ing and incessant threats to species andtheir habitats, such as agricultural intensi-fication, water quality degradation,unsustainable development patterns (highdams and mega hydropower), unregulatedtourism, wildlife trade, and human-wildlifeconflict, will also be addressed.
17
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
PRIORITY WORKING AREAS
45 WWF has identified the mostvaluable and sometimes vulnerableecoregions1 in the world that best repre-sent the breadth of biodiversity andecological processes. The list of priorityecoregions identified by WWF scientistsis known as ‘The Global 200 Ecoregions’.Four of the Global 200 Ecoregions are inNepal:
� Eastern Himalayan Alpine Meadows(112)
� Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf andConifer Forests (67)
� Terai Duar Savannas and Grasslands(91) and
� Western Himalayan Temperate Forests(68)
46 The first three ecoregions com-bined are referred to as the EasternHimalayan Ecoregion Complex (EHEC)—a priority set of ecoregions for WWF toachieve a greater impact from its conser-vation programs.
47 WWF Nepal has adopted theecoregion approach to conservation. Inthis approach an ecoregion is regarded asthe unit for conservation planning toensure the representation of biodiversity,and conservation landscapes are theunits for conservation action. WWF Nepalwill concentrate its interventions on thethree priority landscapes covering the fourGlobal 200 Ecoregions in Nepal: the TeraiArc Landscape (TAL), the SacredHimalayan Landscape (SHL), and theNorthern Mountain Landscape (NML).
1 Biodiversity is not spread evenly across the Earth but follows complex patterns determined by climate,geology and the evolutionary history of the planet. These patterns are called ‘ecoregions’.
18
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
48 In Nepal, conservation in the fieldis complemented and aided by WWFNepal’s central office in Kathmandu. Inaddition to its field work, WWF Nepal willwork in Kathmandu and surrounding areason issues like corporate social responsi-bility, policy reform, conservation educa-tion, and urban environment conservation.
TERAI ARC LANDSCAPE
49 The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) isthe biggest and most ambitious conserva-tion endeavour ever undertaken in Nepal.It covers approximately 49,500 squarekilometres from Nepal’s Bagmati River inthe east to India’s Yamuna River in thewest, linking a network of 11 trans-borderprotected areas, national forests, agricul-tural lands, settlement areas, and waterbodies in both countries.
50 In Nepal, the TAL encompasses23,199 square kilometres and covers partor whole of the 14 Terai districts. Thelandscape also harbours four protectedareas, two World Heritage Sites, and threeRamsar sites. The strain on this fertilelandscape is enormous, with a populationof 6.7 million people and livestockincluding 4.5 million cattle.
51 What began as a vision of ensuringthe long-term survival of flagship specieslike the Bengal tiger, greater one-hornedrhinoceros, and Asian elephant, today hasbecome a mandate to conservebiodiversity, forests, soils, and the water-shed of the Terai and Churia hills in order toensure the ecological, economic, andsocio-cultural integrity of the region. TheTAL Program in Nepal is jointly imple-mented by WWF Nepal, the Ministry ofForests and Soil Conservation, Depart-
19
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
ment of National Parks and Wildlife Conser-vation, and Department of Forests under theTerai Arc Landscape–Nepal Strategic Plan,an umbrella document for implementingconservation and sustainable livelihoodinterventions for all agencies working in theTerai.
52 In the course of this strategic planperiod, TAL will look into an eastwardexpansion in order to include biodiversityhotspots like the Koshi Tappu WildlifeReserve, Trijuga, and Jhapa district. Thiswill help to conserve all representativeecosystems in the Nepal Terai.
SACRED HIMALAYAN
LANDSCAPE
53 Based on the success of the TeraiArc Landscape Program, a similar landscapelevel conservation approach was envisagedfor the mountains. The Sacred HimalayanLandscape (SHL) is a transboundary land-scape that builds upon the existing prioritiesof national and regional governments forlandscape level conservation in the EasternHimalayas. The SHL covers an area of39,021 square kilometres from LangtangNational Park in central Nepal, through theKangchenjunga region in Sikkim andDarjeeling in India, to the Toorsa StrictNature Reserve in western Bhutan. Thislandscape is globally significant bothbiologically (in terms of genetic, species,and ecosystem diversity and endemism) andbecause it includes two of the Global 200Ecoregions (Eastern Himalayan Broadleafand Conifer Forest and Eastern HimalayanAlpine Meadows). In addition to the species-related features of biodiversity, the SHL
contributes significantly in terms ofecological processes and services. It is animportant repository of water towers(glaciers) and contains the headwaters andsources of major Himalayan rivers. TheSHL is also important in terms of culturaldiversity. Hence, the SHL aims to con-serve this globally important biodiversityby fostering the diverse indigenouscultures and traditions that nurture andrevere nature, as reflected in its conserva-tion vision. In Nepal, the Ministry ofForests and Soil Conservation is leadingthe SHL initiative in partnership with WWFNepal, ICIMOD, TMI, and IUCN, amongothers.
NORTHERN MOUNTAIN
LANDSCAPE
54 The Northern Mountain Landscapewill build upon the achievements of thework carried out in Shey PhoksundoNational Park (SPNP), the largest Na-tional Park in Nepal (3,555 km2). TheSPNP and its surrounding area representsthe Northern Mountain region of north-west Nepal. It is part of the trans-Hima-layan ecosystem and contains manyunique flora and fauna including rare,endangered, and endemic medicinalplants. This is the prime habitat for snowleopards, Tibetan wolf, musk deer, andblue sheep. It is equally unique for itsdiverse sociological and cultural re-sources including practitioners of Bon, theoldest Tibetan religion, and the highesthuman settlement in the world in the Dho-Tarap valley. Due to its rich natural,social, and cultural diversity, the SPNPhas been proposed as a World Heritage
20
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Site. WWF Nepal will not only consolidateits efforts in SPNP, but also aims todevelop connectivity with the DhorpatanHunting Reserve for the long-term survivalof flagship species such as the snowleopard.
55 The goal of WWF Nepal’s work inthe Northern Mountain Landscape is toconserve the pristine ecology of the SheyPhoksundo National Park and Buffer Zoneand the surrounding areas by strengthen-ing the capabilities of local user groups,NGOs, and park staff to implement andsustain integrated conservation anddevelopment initiatives.
KATHMANDU VALLEY
56 Kathmandu is the political andeconomic hub of Nepal. WWF Nepal willutilize its presence in Kathmandu tocoordinate field-based projects, and policyand advocacy work. In this strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will strengthenpartnerships with the private sector,corporations, organizations, policymakers, and civil society. Activities willbe targeted at the improvement of theurban environment and environmentalawareness in Kathmandu.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
57 The implementation of the strate-gies in the conservation plan will beguided by the following set of principles:
i. Ensuring equitability:Working to ensure that access to and
benefits from biodiversity conservationare more equitably distributed.
ii. Empowering women, the poor, anddisadvantaged:Focusing particularly on gender andsocial inclusion.
iii. Building partnerships:Creating and building partnerships amonga wide range of stakeholders and partnersincluding local communities, governmentagencies, national and international non-governmental organizations, and donoragencies.
iv. Being adaptive and holistic:Being sensitive to the wider context,adapting to changing circumstances, andworking in a way that is responsive to thecauses and effects of the conflict.
v. Sustainability:Aiming for economic, social, and environ-mental sustainability
21
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
CONSERVATION FOR THE
PEOPLE
58 Around the world, WWF works withlocal communities and peoples to findsolutions to save nature. WWF’s Statementof Principles on Indigenous People andConservation, which was formulated abouta decade ago, focuses on partnerships andengagement with indigenous people. Thestatement fully endorses provisions aboutindigenous people contained in all relevantinternational instruments, such as Agenda21, Convention on Biological Diversity, ILOConvention 169, and UN Declaration on theRights of Indigenous Peoples. The state-ment highlights the principle that, withoutrecognition of the rights of indigenouspeoples, no constructive agreements canbe drawn up between conservation organi-zations and indigenous peoples groups.
59 Drawing on this principle and its ownexperiences since commencing field projectsin 1996, WWF Nepal has been workingtogether with indigenous and local communi-ties in conservation. Since 1997, WWF Nepalhas promoted the traditional knowledge andpractices of Amchis (traditional medicaldoctors) for conservation and the sustainableuse of medicinal plants. In the KangchenjungaConservation Area, WWF Nepal has beenworking to hand over the management of theprotected area to the local communities livingwithin the protected area. This is a new andrevolutionary approach to protected areamanagement in the region and aims to transfermanagement authority of protect areas to thelocal communities.
60 WWF Nepal aims to develop clearguidelines on indigenous peoples to serve
as a critical entry point and foundation formore inclusive conservation policies,programs, and activities, and to fosterdialogue and partnerships.
61 WWF Nepal has three principalobjectives for partnerships with indigenouspeoples:
i. To conserve biodiversity combined withrecognition that indigenous peoples haveoften been stewards and protectors ofnature and that their knowledge, social,cultural, and livelihood systems areclosely attuned to the natural lawsoperating in local ecosystems.
ii. To foster an enabling environment thatpromotes the integration of indigenouspeoples’ perspectives and concepts ofconservation into WWF Nepal’s work.
iii. To develop capacity and raise aware-ness in order to build more inclusivepolicies and programs on indigenouspeople and conservation.
62 In the upcoming strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will support policy workto redress the lack of a conducive nationalpolicy environment for indigenous people toapply and transmit indigenous knowledge,skills, technologies, and practices inbiodiversity conservation. WWF Nepal willcontinue to promote traditional knowledge,skills, innovations, and practices and theirlinkage to biodiversity conservation. WWFNepal will also raise awareness of indig-enous peoples’ knowledge and practicesand their relationship to biodiversity conser-vation. Finally, WWF Nepal will invest ininclusive capacity building at the local andnational level to strengthen partnerships forconservation.
22
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
the conflict. WWF Nepal aims to spendmore than 80 per cent of each programbudget through CBOs. These partnerswill be involved right from the needsidentification and prioritization stagethrough to planning, implementation,and monitoring.
� WWF Nepal will avoid a large opera-tional structure in the field in termsof staff and infrastructure (officebuildings, logistics) and maintain a lowprofile in Nepal.
� WWF Nepal will manifest its sensitivitytowards local communities, especiallyindigenous communities, and prioritywill be given to local and indigenouscommunities when hiring field levelsupport staff.
� WWF Nepal will place great emphasison efficient and quick delivery ofservices and avoid unnecessarydelays in fund disbursement and othersupport.
� Transparency in planning, budgeting,and financial transactions will bemaintained in all WWF Nepal’s pro-grams. WWF Nepal will promote goodgovernance through public hearingsand public auditing exercises at theprogram, as well as CBO, level.
iv. Planning and Monitoring� The participatory process has been
strongly internalized and practiced inthe planning, implementation, andmonitoring of programs. Activities tobe implemented at the communitylevel will continue to be plannedthrough participatory processesensuring the sensitivity of the programto local needs, threats, and issues.Such planning exercises will strongly
WORKING IN CONFLICT
63 WWF Nepal is aware of the enor-mous responsibility of delivering conserva-tion services at a time of conflict. Werecognize that, now more than ever,partnerships and concerted efforts will berequired to safeguard the gains of the pastand uphold the future integrity of conserva-tion in Nepal. It also falls to WWF Nepal,and other organizations working in Nepal,to contribute to peace and security withineach organization’s capacity.
64 WWF Nepal is not immune to orabove Nepal’s trials. It is with respect forthe nation and in adherence to ourprinciples as an international non-govern-mental organization that we will adopt thefollowing strategies to cope with theongoing conflict situation:
i. Adherence to BOGsWWF Nepal is affiliated with the Associa-tion of International NGOs (AIN) and willpresent its position in alignment with AINin the context of the conflict. WWF Nepalwill adhere to the Basic Operation Guide-lines (BOGs) prepared by AIN.
ii. NeutralityWWF Nepal will maintain its non-political,non-religious, and non-affiliated position,which will be highlighted in all forms ofcommunications. WWF Nepal will alwaysbe neutral and impartial.
iii. Program Implementation� Implementation through local
community based organization(CBO) partners will be highly empha-sized to mitigate the adverse impact of
23
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
focus on the inclusion of marginalizedcommunities.
� Strong links between conservationactivities and sustainable liveli-hoods will be ensured at all stages ofinterventions. WWF Nepal will mitigatethe adverse impact of the conflictthrough increased peoples’ participa-tion and perceived livelihood benefits.
v. Flexible and AdaptiveWWF Nepal will continue with contin-gency planning to cope with theconflict. This will be supplemented byregular analysis of the situation basedon reliable information collected through
various means. Staff, especially at thefield level, will be instructed to stayvigilant and will be more independent inadapting to rapidly changing circum-stances.
vi. Collaboration within and between sectorsWWF Nepal will continue to work tostrengthen partnerships, collaboration,and functional coordination within andbetween sectors to ensure the effectivedelivery of services. WWF Nepal willfocus on developing goodwill and buildingtrust among stakeholders and sectoralpartners, largely based on the identifica-tion of common goals.
25
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
This section of the strategic plan dealswith the strategies that WWF Nepal willemploy to respond to the conservationchallenges identified and discussed inthe preceding chapters. A description ofthe strategies and a logical framework isprovided in Annexes I and II.
CONSERVATIONSTRATEGIES
26
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
I. FORESTS
65 WWF Nepal will follow threecomplementary approaches to forestconservation: protect, manage, andrestore. Under the protect approach, WWFNepal will work towards creating anecologically representative network ofeffectively managed protected areas.Forest protection will be complementedby efforts to integrate conservation withdevelopment for local communities. Theforests outside protected areas will bemanaged through various mechanisms toensure environmental balance while at thesame time contributing to human
wellbeing, poverty alleviation, and sus-tainable livelihoods. Non-timber forestproducts will be promoted as the majorlivelihoods improvement strategy. Therestoration approach will focus on re-establishing functions and key ecosystemprocesses through specific interventionswithin the context of the whole landscape.As such, a mosaic of land uses in thecritical areas will be promoted based onscientific land use planning.
The following table depicts the five year(2006–2011) objectives for the forestthematic program and the strategiesdevised to achieve those objectives.
TABLE 1: Forest thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE 1: PROTECT
To protect 1.3 million hectares of representa-
tive forest ecosystems under the protected
areas system (PAS) in the three priority
landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions by
2011.
OBJECTIVE 2: MANAGE
To manage 0.31 million hectares of critical
forests in identified corridors, bottlenecks,
and biodiversity hotspots in the three priority
landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions by
2011 to ensure the regular supply of forest
products and support the maintenance of the
environmental balance.
OBJECTIVE 3: RESTORE
To restore 50,000 hectares of degraded
forests in identified corridors and bottlenecks
in three priority landscapes of the Global 200
Ecoregions by 2011 facilitating the free and
safe passage for wildlife dispersal.
STRATEGIES
Strategy 1: Develop and implement a methodology for the systematic planning of protected areas.
Strategy 2: Assess the management effectiveness of protected areas.
Strategy 3: Support community-managed protected areas.
Strategy 4: Ensure stakeholder involvement in and support for protected areas.
Strategy 5: Support the preparation and implementation of a district forest sector plan.
Strategy 6: Promote appropriate modes of management of forest resources.
Strategy 7: Protect forests from illegal activities and forest fires.
Strategy 8: Promote integrated livestock management.
Strategy 9: Promote alternative energy and the use of alternative construction materials.
Strategy 10: Diversify livelihood options through the sustainable use of forest resources.
Strategy 11: Ensure the sustainability of local institutions engaged in resource management.
Strategy 12: Pilot community-based biodiversity registration and mechanisms for accessing
benefit sharing.
Strategy 13: Support the forest certification process.
Strategy 14: Conduct periodic monitoring of forest resources.
Strategy 15: Lobby for a special portfolio of critical forests.
Strategy 16: Restore degraded forests in the critical areas through appropriate interventions.
Strategy 17: Pilot the in-situ conservation of plant species in critical areas.
27
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
II. SPECIES
66 The species work of WWF Nepal willcontribute to the establishment of ecologically,demographically, and genetically viable popula-tions of key species: i.e., the Bengal tiger(Panthera tigris), the Greater One-hornedrhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), the Asianelephant (Elephas maximus), and the snowleopard (Uncia uncia). Populations of species ofspecial concern will be stabilized or increased:i.e., the Gangetic river dolphin (Platanistagangetica), gharial crocodile (Gavialisgangetica), swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli),black buck (Antelope cervicapra), red panda(Ailurus fulgens), and musk deer (Moschusmoschiferus). Towards this end, the habitats of
these species will be protected, managed, andrestored as discussed under the forest thematicprogram. Poaching and retaliatory killings will betackled using a spectrum of strategies, such asstrengthening anti-poaching operations, minimiz-ing human-wildlife conflict, and enhancing lawenforcement. The Illegal trade in wildlife, wildlifeparts, and their derivatives will be controlledusing a two-pronged approach addressing bothdemand and supply. Key species managementinterventions will be complemented by long-termresearch and wildlife monitoring. Recognizingthe substantial role that people-based conserva-tion activities play in achieving species andhabitat conservation outcomes, specific speciesconservation actions focused on sustainablelivelihoods will be prioritized.
TABLE 2: Species thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE 4: SPECIES POPULATION
To stabilize or increase the population
(compared to 2006 baseline) of key species
and species of special concern in the three
priority landscapes of the Global 200
Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 5: HABITAT
To protect, manage, or restore the critical
habitat of key species and species of special
concern in the three priority landscapes of the
Global 200 Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 6: THREAT REDUCTION
To reduce human-wildlife conflict and/or
establish livelihood-based conservation
initiatives in the three priority landscapes of
the Global 200 Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011
to reduce the threat to key species and
species of special concern.
OBJECTIVE 7: LAW ENFORCEMENT
To enhance law enforcement and other
measures to encourage compliance with laws
and regulations aimed at eliminating the
overexploitation of priority species and
species of special concern in Nepal by 2011.
STRATEGIES
Strategy 18: Strengthen anti-poaching operations.
Strategy 19: Manage key species.
Strategy 20: Manage problem and orphan animals.
Strategy 21: Support the protection/re-establishment of populations of key species and species
of special concern.
Strategy 22: Promote the scientific management of habitats based on the ecology of species.
Strategy 23: Eliminate/reduce invasive and exotic species.
Strategy 24: Conduct long-term scientific research on key species and species of special concern.
Strategy 25: Develop and implement a comprehensive human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategy.
Strategy 26: Adopt human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies to benefit local livelihoods.
Strategy 27: Pilot livelihood-based conservation initiatives.
Strategy 28: Promote ecotourism.
Strategy 29: Pilot community-based compensation schemes to address human-wildlife conflict.
Strategy 30: Promote transboundary coordination and cooperation.
Strategy 31: Control the illegal trade of wildlife, wildlife parts, and their derivatives.
Strategy 32: Support the implementation of CITES.
Strategy 33: Revise/develop appropriate policy frameworks.
28
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
III. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY
67 WWF Nepal’s response to the impactof climate change will focus on four mainareas: increasing the understanding of theimpacts of climate change, implementingadaptation measures, international negotia-tion, and raising awareness. The informationgap in relation to the impact of climatechange on biodiversity, ecosystems, andpeople will be addressed through theinitiation of long-term research projects. Thefindings of this research will also contributeto the formulation of appropriate nationallevel policy frameworks. Adaptation mea-sures will include resilience activitiesfocused on safeguarding humans and
ecosystems in vulnerable sites. The revenuegenerated from a gold standard CDM project willbe channelled into interventions targeted atreducing the vulnerability of people to the impactof climate change. The capacity of key govern-ment institutions will be enhanced so that theycan represent Nepal credibly in internationalnegotiations. Awareness of the impact of climatechange and adaptation and mitigation measures willbe widely disseminated to national and internationalaudiences through the intelligent use of communi-cation channels.
The following table depicts the 5 year (2006–2011) objectives for the climate change the-matic program and strategies devised toachieve those objectives.
TABLE 3: Climate change thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)
STRATEGIES
Strategy 34: Conduct and consolidate climate change impact research and data.
Strategy 35: Use research findings for effective national and international negotiations.
Strategy 36: Strengthen multi-stakeholder forums to advocate for policy recommendations and to
share information.
Strategy 37: Identify climate change vulnerable sites.
Strategy 38: Implement resilience building activities in vulnerable sites.
Strategy 39: Support the formulation of a National Level Adaptation Strategy.
Strategy 40: Establish a coordination platform between vulnerable countries.
Strategy 41: Support and strengthen Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MOEST)
and relevant civil society organizations to institutionalize the climate change issue.
Strategy 42: Enhance the negotiation capacity of MOEST and concerned government and civil society
organizations.
Strategy 43: Strengthen communication with international audiences.
Strategy 44: Increase awareness of climate change among national audiences.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE 8: IMPACT
To have a clear understanding of the impact of
climate change on biodiversity (key flora and
fauna), ecosystems (forests, water towers),
and people (livelihoods, tourism, disasters,
food security/agriculture) in Nepal by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 9: ADAPTATION
To reduce the climate change impacts and
vulnerabilities of 2,000 households in two sites in
the Sacred Himalayan Landscape (SHL) by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 10: INTERNATIONAL
NEGOTIATION
To identify Nepal to global communities as
one of the most vulnerable countries to
climate change impacts by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 11: AWARENESS
To effectively communicate and build
awareness and understanding among various
national target audiences (students/teachers,
academic institutions, journalists/media house,
donors, I/NGOs, government, communities,
public) to take action to reduce the impacts of
climate change in Nepal by 2011.
29
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
IV. FRESHWATER
68 The freshwater system of Nepal willbe sustainably managed to ensurehealthy environmental processes and thewise use of wetland resources. Freshwa-ter habitats of key species will be man-aged and the integrity of the environmen-tal processes will be maintained inpartnership with other stakeholders.Community management of wetlands willbe promoted with a special focus on thesustainable livelihoods of wetland depen-dent communities. The management ofecologically important high altitudewetlands and their designation as Ramsarsites will be a priority. Transboundary
initiatives devoted to the conservation ofthe freshwater dolphin and its habitat willbe realized. The concept of integratedriver basin management will be utilized inthe management of the Koshi River Basin.Policy feedback and advocacy to harmo-nize water sector polices and incorporateprovisions will be conducted. Appropriatealternatives to chemical fertilizers andpesticides will be identified and promotedto reduce the threat to aquatic biodiversityand wildlife.
The following table depicts the 5 year(2006–2011) objectives for the freshwaterthematic program and strategies devisedto achieve those objectives.
TABLE 4: Freshwater thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE 12: ENVIRONMENTAL
PROCESSES
To ensure healthy environmental processes in
at least three wetlands supporting habitats of
key freshwater species and to pilot integrated
river basin management in one river basin by
2011.
OBJECTIVE 13: POLICIES
To promote at least two government policies
(wetland policy and IRBM) to safeguard
freshwater resources and reduce poverty for
dependent communities by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 14: SUSTAINABLE
MANAGEMENT
To protect and sustainably manage three
Ramsar sites by 2011.
OBJECTIVE 15: THREAT REDUCTION
To reduce the threats to biodiversity from
hazardous chemicals, especially those used
in agriculture, and identify safer alternatives
where possible by 2011.
STRATEGIES
Strategy 45: Develop multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Strategy 46: Develop a database of key species and environmental processes.
Strategy 47: Manage the habitats of key species and manage environmental processes.
Strategy 48: Monitor and maintain the status of priority wetlands.
Strategy 49: Propose high altitude wetlands as Ramsar sites.
Strategy 50: Review water related policies from a biodiversity perspective.
Strategy 51: Promote policy dialogue on dams nationally and at the transboundary level.
Strategy 52: Build the capacity of representatives from government line agencies.
Strategy 53: Promote the community management and wise use of wetlands.
Strategy 54: Strengthen participation and institutional coordination.
Strategy 55: Raise awareness at various levels.
Strategy 56: Enhance the knowledge base on the impacts of toxics pollutants.
Strategy 57: Promote safer alternatives.
Strategy 58: Raise awareness.
30
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
V. POLICY AND ADVOCACY
69 A conducive policy environment isessential for the implementation of suc-cessful conservation initiatives. Similarly,institutions are essential elements intranslating the provisions of policies andapplying them at the grassroots. Thesynergy among like-minded institutions notonly facilitates the conservation process,but also minimizes the resource input andreduces duplication of efforts.
70 Policy and advocacy are the keyareas on which WWF Nepal will focusduring this strategic plan period. Many ofWWF Nepal’s goals and objectives inpracticing conservation will bear resultsand become sustainable only if certaingovernment policies are revised orformulated. With four decades of experi-ence in field implementation, this is themost opportune time for WWF Nepal to bepart of the policy and advocacy setting inNepal.
71 At first, WWF Nepal will concentrateon building its own organizational capacityto deal with policy and advocacy issues.The existing policy and advocacy thematicteam will be strengthened. Policy orienta-
tion and analysis workshops will be con-ducted on a regular basis involving WWFNepal staff and external experts. Policyfeedback workshops at different levels withwider stakeholders will also be organized.WWF Nepal will ensure that the feedbackreceived from these consultative workshopsreaches the appropriate policy-makingauthorities in the Government of Nepal. Thiswill follow an advocacy plan for appropriaterevision of the existing policies.
72 WWF Nepal will support thegovernment in the effective implementa-tion of multi-lateral environmental agree-ments relevant to its work to fulfil Nepal’sinternational commitments. WWF Nepalalso sees this as an opportunity toestablish local to global linkages forbiodiversity conservation initiatives inNepal. WWF Nepal will explore opportuni-ties to influence environmental policies atthe regional level through South AsianAssociation for Regional Cooperation(SAARC) and its enhanced regionalstrategic partnerships.
73 Other strategies relevant to thepolicy and advocacy work of WWF Nepalare reflected in the appropriate thematicprogram.
31
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
VI. SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
74 WWF Nepal and the global networkhave moved beyond working in and aroundthe ‘safe’ enclaves of protected areas andare addressing conservation challenges atthe landscape and ecoregion level. Thisentails covering a larger spatial area andtackling complex issues that impact uponbiodiversity and local livelihoods such aspopulation growth, global markets, agricul-ture, trade, and industry.
75 In July 2005, WWF Nepal publisheda strategy document for mainstreamingsustainable livelihoods into conservationprograms. It underscores the importanceof addressing people’s livelihood needsand responding to people’s strengths andconstraints in order to sustain conserva-tion achievements. The sustainablelivelihoods approach builds on andpromotes people’s strengths, skills,assets, and potential, rather than viewingthem as a liability.
76 The strategies relevant to sustain-able livelihoods recommended in this planrecognize that interventions in the fieldalone are inadequate to tackle the com-plex socio-economic drivers ofbiodiversity loss. Therefore, the developedstrategies emphasize the need to demon-strate strong linkages between field workand the policies that drive nationaldevelopment.
77 One of the key issues that mayhinder the achievement of WWF Nepal’sobjectives is social inequity. Socialinequity has excluded disadvantagedgroups (women as well as indigenous
peoples) from mainstream developmentprocesses in Nepal. Social exclusion andinequity are key causal factors of thecurrent political conflict. Governancepractices at all levels of society lacktransparency and accountability. Evenrelatively participatory processes, suchas community forestry, are challenged byissues such as elite capture, inequitablebenefit sharing, and the exclusion ofwomen and disadvantaged groups fromdecision-making processes.
78 Meeting the livelihood needs oflocal communities becomes an issuewhen the extraction of resources forsubsistence becomes unsustainable dueto the increasing demands of trade andinequitable sharing of benefits. The poorand marginalized are often the ones whoare most negatively affected by a de-crease in resource availability. The mainfactors behind the limited livelihoodoptions is a lack of access to educationand employment opportunities, limitedfinancial capacity for technological inputs,and limited entrepreneurial skills andaccess to markets. There is also limitedinstitutional capacity to support people inadapting to livelihood constraints.
79 Sectoral policies often contradicteach other, which prevents effectiveimplementation. There is limited informa-tion and awareness among communitiesabout rights and limited consultationduring the process of policy formulation.
80 WWF Nepal’s strategies in relationto sustainable livelihoods are reflected inthe various strategies of the relevantthematic areas and are guided by the
32
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011) replaceBaghChal
sustainable livelihoods mainstreamingstrategy of WWF Nepal. In addition to thethematic strategies, the following strate-gies will be adopted by WWF Nepal in theimplementation of its sustainable liveli-hoods interventions.
Strategies� Promote social inclusion (women,
indigenous peoples, Dalits and goodgovernance in every stage of theprogram and project cycle in order tosustain conservation.
� Transform traditional institutionscompatible with the principles of goodgovernance and conservation, andbuilding their capacity to adapt toecological processes and social andeconomic trends.
� Promote social capital networks andsafety nets to help people andcommunities to adapt to livelihoodsconstraints.
� Work with the private sector and otherstakeholders to build positive micro-macro linkages that benefitbiodiversity and communities (e.g. thesustainable commercialization ofNTFPs).
� Enhance cross-sectoral coordinationand partnerships that build upon localempowerment for increased invest-ment in sustainable livelihoods (eg.implementation of APP).
� Promote livelihood diversificationthrough increased off-farm livelihoodopportunities (e.g. sustainable commer-cialization of NTFPs with equitablebenefit sharing through entrepreneurialdevelopment and marketing; ecotourismfor revenue generation; and employ-ment in and around protected areas).
� Advocate for policies that promotesustainable livelihoods, reduce vulner-ability, recognize local rights, andprovide communities with legal andregulatory support.
� Integrate peace building and conflicttransformation into conservationprograms to ensure sustainability andefficacy.
� Promote traditional knowledge andpractices that are conducive tobiodiversity and indigenous and localcommunities.
� Support the development of commu-nity-based response mechanisms,including local knowledge, in order toreduce vulnerability to natural disas-ters (eg. improved vulnerability as-sessment and vulnerability monitoring;livelihood diversification; early warningsystems; integrated land use; andwatershed management).
� Support the revision and formulation ofpolicies to enable local communities tosustainably harvest forest resources,particularly NTFPs/MAPs, and wildlife.
33
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
VII. EDUCATION AND
CAPACITY BUILDING
81 WWF Nepal’s education andcapacity building programs seek to engageand encourage the participation of localcommunities and stakeholders inbiodiversity conservation and sustainabledevelopment. These activities build onawareness to enable people to act from abetter understanding of the importance ofbiodiversity conservation and sustainabledevelopment in Nepal. WWF Nepal’s strongcommitment to conservation educationand capacity building programs makes itdistinct from most biodiversity conserva-tion initiatives in Nepal. WWF Nepal haslearned that the success of conservationdepends largely on the effective integrationof education and capacity building inprograms and projects.
82 Education is an integral part of allthe projects and programs at WWF Nepal.At the local level, WWF Nepal, togetherwith various partners, has initiated andpromoted awareness and capacitybuilding programs among local people toconserve Nepal’s biological diversity in away that is ecologically viable, economi-cally beneficial, and socially equitable.The conservation education programs aredesigned for school children, teachers,community members, and other targetgroups to enhance their decision-makingcapabilities for conservation and sustain-able development.
83 WWF Nepal and its conservationpartners jointly implement school-basedenvironmental education programs
through the formation of Eco Clubs, whichare independent groups of students thatwork collectively to support the conserva-tion of their natural and cultural heritage.Awareness and extension programs areorganized at the local level. Non-formaleducation and capacity building programsare implemented in project areas toimprove literacy and create conservationawareness, especially among women. Theeducation of girls in the project areas withthe girl students’ stipend aims at the long-term empowerment of women througheducation.
84 In addition to providing knowledgeand skills in relation to the sustainablemanagement of resources, conservationeducation broadens people’s understand-ing of the environment, fosters positiveattitudes towards the environment, andteaches skills that enable people toanalyze and make educated decisionsabout how they interact with the environ-ment and, ultimately, helps them to takebetter actions to improve and maintain theenvironment.
StrategiesThe education unit shall have a separatestrategy ready for implementation withWWF Nepal's Strategic Plan to:
� Strengthen conceptual and programlinkages and relationships.
� Enhance future conservation leader-ship and advocacy for conservation.
� Strategically strengthen and focusoutreach and education activities.
� Enhance monitoring and evaluationsystems.
34
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
VIII. COMMUNICATIONS
AND MARKETING
85 Communications and marketingaims to effectively promote WWF Nepalas a proactive grassroots conservationorganization with a global reach byhighlighting field successes to enrich ourcredibility, share our results, and raisefunds.
86 Communication has always been animportant part of WWF Nepal’s projectsand programs. In the next five years WWFNepal’s focus will be guided by an empha-sis on marketing our conservation gains inthe field. For different purposes, our targetaudiences will include those who work onthe ground, CBOs, the Government ofNepal, the WWF Network, internationalgovernment aid agencies, and individualdonors. Marketing will play an importantrole in fostering new partnerships forfundraising. Plans for this are reflected inthe business plan. On the national andregional stage, communications will seekto reinforce WWF Nepal’s credibility as anorganization that works with people forconservation and environmental protection.
87 In addition, the Communications andMarketing Unit will be involved in commu-nicating in conflict situations, improvingdocumentation and access to informationthrough the WWF Nepal Resource Centre,and will seek innovative ways to communi-cate conservation and sustainable devel-opment for maximum impact. Given theglobal concerns of the WWF Network,WWF Nepal will be a strategic and activecontributor in linking sustainable liveli-hoods with conservation wins, highlighting
the issues of illegal wildlife trade on local,regional, national, and international plat-forms, and indigenous knowledge andparticipation in conservation.
88 The main communication activitiesin WWF Nepal involve print, broadcast,and interactive tools. In the past, thecommunications program has beensuccessful in highlighting conservationissues of national and local importancethrough the features service, newsletters,reporting, and other publications; byestablishing a presence on radio, televi-sion, and the Internet; and by developinga core group of media people who aresensitized to environment and develop-ment concerns. Communications materi-als are developed in English, Nepali, andother regional languages. This is criticalfor target audiences to recall conservationissues. We also utilize conservation daysof importance like World EnvironmentDay, World Wetland Day, and WildlifeWeek to highlight our work throughenvironmental awareness programs.
StrategiesStrategic objectives for the communica-tions and marketing unit with priorityactions for the future have been devel-oped with the broad aim of enhancing ourexternal and internal communications.This will be achieved by focusing on thefollowing strategic objectives or goals:
� Increase awareness and influenceattitudes on conservation in Nepal.
� Enhance WWF Nepal’s working relation-ship with the media leading to positivemedia coverage on conservation and, inparticular, on WWF Nepal’s work.
35
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
� Ensure transparency and accountabil-ity in WWF Nepal’s work in Nepal.
� Contribute to WWF Nepal’s work tobuild public and international supportfor conservation and fundraising.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
89 In the five year period from 2006–2011, WWF Nepal will work with indig-enous and local communities, grassrootsorganizations, like-minded institutions anddonors, and the Government of Nepal tofurther consolidate conservation gains inNepal by delivering the following results:
I The landscape approach will beutilized in the management of morethan one-third (38 per cent) of the totalland cover of Nepal, conservingbiodiversity in four Global 200Ecoregions. This will include theendorsement and implementation ofthe Greater Terai Arc Landscape–NepalSacred Himalayan Landscape–Nepal,and Northern Mountain Landscape.
II More than half the area under theprotected area system (53 per cent) will
be effectively managed to maintainecologically, demographically, andgenetically viable populations of keyspecies like the Bengal tiger, greaterone-horned rhinoceros, Asianelephant, snow leopard, Gangeticriver dolphin and red panda.
III The livelihoods of more than100,000 households in Nepal will beenhanced through the sustainablemanagement of natural resourcesand livelihood initiatives in theGlobal 200 Ecoregions.
IV Five or more major businesses andindustries in Nepal will pledge theirlong-term support of conservation.
V A minimum of US $10,000,000 willbe leveraged to support conserva-tion initiatives in the working areasof WWF Nepal.
� Improve information sharing, knowl-edge, and team-work in Nepal and withthe WWF Network.
36
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
TABLE 5: Program Areas and Expected Outcomes
PROGRAM AREAS
FORESTS
SPECIES
CLIMATE CHANGE
FRESHWATER
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
� 1.3 million hectares of representative forest and alpine meadow ecosystems under the protected
areas system in three priority landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions are protected
� 0.31 million hectares of forests in three priority landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions are under
effective management
� 50,000 hectares of degraded forests in the critical areas of the three priority landscapes of the
Global 200 Ecoregions are under restoration
� 50 per cent reduction in illegal activities in national forests, compared to a 2006 baseline, through
the mobilization of community-based anti-poaching operations in three priority landscapes
� 70,000 households directly benefited from improved livelihood opportunities based on forest
products and non-timber forest products and alternative energy schemes
� 150+ breeding tiger population maintained through habitat management, reduction of threats, and
enhanced knowledge base
� 550+ rhinoceros population maintained with the establishment of a second viable population at
Bardia National Park (100+) and a third breeding population (20+) at Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve
� 80 per cent reduction in poaching and the retaliatory killing of snow leopards, compared to a 2007
baseline
� 30,000 households directly benefited from livelihood-based conservation initiatives like eco-tourism,
wildlife farming, and farming of alternative crops
� 80 per cent reduction in the illegal trade of wildlife, wildlife parts, and their derivatives through an
integrated approach with the active support of the WWF Network
� Rhino, tiger, elephant, red panda, and river dolphins conservation actions plans prepared, endorsed,
and implemented
� A centralized data/information-based system established on climate change impacts on
biodiversity, ecosystems, people, and the economy
� 1 gold standard CDM project formalized with the revenue from carbon trading invested in reducing
the climate change vulnerability of people in the Terai Arc Landscape
� 5 communities’ livelihoods secured against glacier lake outburst flood through early warning systems
� Global recognition obtained for Nepal as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change
impacts
� Climate change policy and national level adaptation strategy developed and implemented in Nepal
� 1 high altitude wetland designated as a RAMSAR site and a Gift to the Earth
� 1 river basin managed through Integrated River Basin Management to maintain healthy environmen-
tal processes
� 3 Ramsar sites protected and sustainably managed to conserve the freshwater biodiversity and
meet the livelihood needs of the wetland dependent communities
� A transboundary level Ramsar site (Karnali river system) designated between Nepal and India
� 2 water sector policies amended to advantage biodiversity conservation
� The status of the river dolphin in Nepal established, and a conservation action plan prepared,
endorsed, and implemented
� 30 percent reduction in the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in pilot sites as a result of
adopting eco-friendly agricultural technologies
� 2 agricultural and environmental sector policies of Nepal including an APP Implementation Plan
influenced to minimize the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides
39
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
This section of the WWF Nepal Strategic Planprovides ways and means to achieve theconservation goals. This includes designingimplementation models, organizational structure,setting accountability structures, developinghuman resource strategies and a preparing afund-raising and financial plan.
BUSINESS PLAN
40
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
90 WWF Nepal is an international non-governmental organization (INGO). Itoperates in Nepal according to the cov-enants of a General Agreement with theSocial Welfare Council (SWC), the statutoryand nodal agency authorized by theGovernment of Nepal to facilitate the workof INGOs. This General Agreement governsWWF Nepal’s overall operations in Nepaland facilitates the running of its projectsand programs through local partnersincluding non-governmental organizations(NGOs), community based organizations(CBOs), and government agencies.
91 Of the government agencies, WWFNepal’s closest long-term partner is theMinistry of Forests and Soil Conservation(MoFSC). The MoFSC is responsible forthe conservation of biodiversity in Nepalincluding the management of forests,national parks, and protected areas.Among MoFSC departments, WWF Nepalis closely associated with the Departmentof National Parks and Wildlife Conservation(DNPWC) and the Department of Forests(DoF). While continuing its relationship withthese agencies, WWF Nepal plans to
ProgramImplementation:Improved Paradigms
strengthen its partnership with otherMinistries of Government of Nepal. WWFNepal also intends to work closely withrecognized universities in Nepal during thecoming strategic plan period.
92 The WWF Network is supported bysome five million individual members. Yeta large part of its funding comes fromgovernment aid agencies (GAA) andprivate foundations. These donors expectWWF Nepal to deliver results and, to thatend, they expect WWF Nepal to haveeffective systems and processes inplace. The management of WWF Nepal isaccountable to these donors, as well asto its own board of directors, to ensurethe application of due-diligence in select-ing implementing partners, as well insupporting these partners throughout theproject implementation process.
93 It was with this sense of responsibil-ity that WWF Nepal began helping MoFSCto build its capacity, and that of its subordi-nate agencies, to develop and effectivelyexecute biodiversity projects. Over theyears, WWF Nepal and MoFSC have jointly
41
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
created institutional mechanisms involvingsenior staff from both organizations toenable projects to effectively function onthe ground. These critical mechanisms willbe fine-tuned during the next five years in
active consultation and engagement withMoFSC. Figure 1 shows the respectivecontributions made by WWF Nepal, theMoFSC, and the community to projectimplementation.
Figure 1: Project Implementation by MoFSC, WWF Nepal, and Communities
94 To further enhance the effective-ness of our projects and programs, and tomake them sustainable, WWF Nepal hasbeen forming community based organiza-tions (CBOs) and helping them to buildtheir capacity to run conservation andlivelihood activities. Unlike the Ministriesof Government of Nepal or internationalagencies like WWF Nepal, CBOs willexist in communities perennially. In thecoming strategic plan period, WWF Nepalwill work directly with CBOs and NGOs tocompliment the ongoing projects. WWFNepal will continue to build the capacity ofCBOs, assisting them financially andtechnically in the process. Figure 2 showshow CBOs small implement activities withthe support of WWF Nepal and the SWC.
Figure 2: Implementation by CBOs
42
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
95 The last decade’s conflict has hadan overall negative impact on Nepal’sbiodiversity and on conservation efforts.At the same time, the conflict hasfocused attention on transparency andaccountability. Organizations and agen-cies working in the public domain havebeen forced to be more transparent,accountable, and inclusive in the way that
they operate, as well as in their decision-making processes. WWF Nepal is awareof the need for such processes and overthe years has developed very inclusiveand open processes and modes ofoperation as described in Figure 3 that willcontinue to be improved, and made moreinclusive and effective in the comingstrategic plan period.
Figure 3: Inclusive Process in Project Planning and Implementation
96 WWF Nepal’s professional staffoperating from its central office inKathmandu implement some programactivities directly by procuring goods andservices (consultants), running smallgrant programs (for travel, small buturgent conservation activities, researchand studies), and hiring human resources.Program activities targeted at urbanaudiences shall be implemented bycentral office professional staff. WWFNepal is soon to open regional offices,
which will help the central office inKathmandu to share some of theseresponsibilities, as well as work directlywith local communities.
97 There are a number of internationaland national organizations active in Nepalwhose work has a substantial impact onbiodiversity and on the sustainabledevelopment efforts of WWF Nepal. Manyof these organizations are activelyengaged in the same geographical areas
43
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
and thematic programs as WWF Nepal.Collaboration with these organizations isnot only critical to the success of WWFNepal’s own projects and programs, butalso has the potential to increase theimpact of WWF Nepal’s projects andprograms exponentially. WWF Nepal,through memorandums of understanding(MOUs) and various other partnershipagreements, intends to maximize thebenefits from such synergies and lever-age them for its overarching goals.
98 In the past five years, WWF Nepalhas signed a number of MOUs withvarious partner organizations for a varietyof purposes. However, the implementationof these MOUs has not always beeneffective. In the coming strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will review theseMOUs, extend them where expedient, andoptimise their use.
99 Although in the past WWF Nepalhas been able to make good use of itspartners’ resources through leveraging,this has not been well reflected in its
reports. Leveraging is an effective way forWWF Nepal to broaden the impact of itswork. Hence, in this strategic plan periodWWF Nepal will develop institutionalsystems and processes to facilitateleveraging.
100 WWF Nepal will also make gooduse of the expertise and competencies ofits local and international partners toimplement activities. By sharing re-sources with its partners, WWF Nepalhopes to reduce operational overheadsthrough economies of scale. For example,WWF Nepal may outsource mico-financ-ing activities in Terai to a local partnerNGO skilled in this area. This will giveWWF Nepal an opportunity to focus onother activities that it is more suited to.One of the areas that WWF Nepal intendsto focus on in the coming strategic planperiod is the simplification and standard-ization of its program activities. This isexpected to substantially enhanceefficiency in service delivery. Figure 4elaborates how this crucial transformationwill take place in coming five years.
Figure 4: Standardization, Synergy, and Outsourcing
44
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
101 WWF Nepal’s existing projectimplementation modalities with theGovernment of Nepal might not suit theneeds of some of Nepal’s unique conser-vation challenges. Issues like curbing thewildlife trade and measuring and adaptingto climate change impacts need tailoredsolutions. WWF Nepal will remain flexiblewhile developing solutions to thesechallenges.
102 In the coming strategic planperiod WWF Nepal will work closely withbusiness and industry leaders in Nepalto positively impact on their functioningin the interests of conservation. Throughsuch relationships WWF Nepal will beable to spread conservation awarenessto business houses and their customers.Similarly, the eco clubs with tens ofthousands of student member developover last several years by WWF Nepalwill be galvanized to spread awarenessamong the communities that theybelong to.
103 WWF Nepal places a lot of valueon lessons learned and knowledge.However, the organization is yet toengineer a reflexive system to ensure thatlessons learned reach the scene of actionin a timely manner. WWF Nepal willendeavour to improve this in the comingstrategic plan period.
104 WWF Nepal also intends to puteach planned project and activity througha rigorous ‘do-ability’ test. Failing toundertake this test can seriously affectthe spending capacity of projects. Effec-tiveness in project implementation is
crucial to WWF Nepal’s credibility in theinternational donor community and,therefore, will be given due significance inthe coming strategic plan period. Last, butnot least, all the efforts of WWF Nepal willbe orchestrated to bring about a culture of‘execution’ of jobs, projects, and pro-grams.
HUMAN RESOURCESDEVELOPMENT: MAKING WWFNEPAL THE BEST PLACE TOWORK
105 Quality human resources andtheir continuous development is the keyto the success of WWF Nepal. This fact iswell recognized within the organization. Totake the organization to the next level inhuman resource management anddevelopment, WWF Nepal has developeda Human Resources Strategy as elabo-rated in Table 1 that covers all facets ofthis discipline. These strategies shall beimplemented in the next five years.
106 WWF Nepal truly takes pride inits staff. Over the years it has been ableto attract, recruit, and retain manycapable Nepali professionals, many ofthem passionate about the work thatWWF Nepal does. Recent salary surveyssuggest that the organization is wellplaced among national and internationalNGOs operating in Nepal in terms ofsalaries and benefits. However, a goodpart of the human resources that WWFNepal needs also have a market outsideconservation organizations. These peoplecould be absorbed by UN agencies,
45
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
bilateral donors, and even by the privatesector. It is, therefore, important for WWFNepal to offer benefits packages that arecompetitive with these varied organiza-tions. In the coming strategic plan period,efforts will be made to survey theseagencies at regular intervals to ensurethat WWF Nepal remains a competitiveemployer.
107 In addition to monetary benefits,WWF Nepal also plans to provide greatworking conditions for its staff, bothphysical and culturally, to enable staff toprosper as individuals and as a part oftheir respective teams. Team spirit andleadership will be encouraged throughformal and informal processes. Efforts willalso be made to further improve theperformance evaluation system to ensurethat it is even more fair and measurable inconsultation with WWF US. In the comingstrategic plan period an even more com-prehensive 360 degree evaluation systemwill be put in place. Under this system,weight will be given to learning and sharing.As a knowledge based organization, thedynamism of key staff, as well as of theorganization itself, could not be achievedwithout consciously making an effort tostrengthen the learning attitude within theorganization. Opportunities within the WWFNetwork and outside shall be explored andutilized for staff development.
108 A special effort will also bemade to create a safe and secure workingenvironment, especially for those staffwho work outside Kathmandu at theproject sites. The staff at the project sitesare on the front-line and work much closerto the action than the staff in Kathmandu.Hence, their significance to WWF Nepal’sconservation initiatives can not beoverestimated. Policies and proceduresshould be fine-tuned to recognize thespecial significance of our field-basedstaff.
109 Years of working in Nepal haveled WWF Nepal to believe that in order tobe effective as a conservation organiza-tion in Nepal it must work in partnershipwith the right organizations. One suchpartner is the Government of Nepal. Whileworking with the government, it is highlyeffective for projects to use the leadershipof government employees, in due consul-tation of course with their employers. Thisis because government employees havea legal mandate that professional employ-ees of agencies like WWF Nepal lack. Inaddition, government employees areexpected to work with the government fora long period of time and are, therefore,worthy of investment from the perspec-tive of long-term conservation benefits.WWF Nepal shall continue to leverage thecapacities of such partners’ employeesfor the benefit of its projects.
46
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
STRATEGY
A. Attract the interest of qualified
and passionate candidates by being
a fair and credible organization that
cares about its workforce.
B. Establish a right mix of well
informed interviewing panel involved
in a fair and objective selection
process that helps ensure presence
of right skills and attitude in the
successful candidate.
C. Outsource as much support
functions in a cost effective manner
as available through professional
service providers locally.
A. Create a comfortable, healthy,
and safe physical work-place, and
an enabling work-culture that brings
out the best in our employees.
B. Establish clear, equitable, and fair
policies well understood by
employees and adhered to by the
management.
A. Establish well structured,
interactive, and effective annual
appraisal system that allows staff to
build on their respective strength
thereby enhancing performance.
B. Establish policies that ensures
incentives tied to performance.
A. Provide competitive compensa-
tion and attractive benefits that are
internally equitable, rational, and
comply with local legislation and
practices.
B. Ensure continuity of competitive-
ness of our compensations and
benefits.
TABLE 1: WWF Nepal Human Resources Strategy
OVERALL GOAL: To make WWF Nepal not just a good but a great place to work by attracting, motivating, and retaining a workforce
capable of helping the organization meet its overarching goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
STANDARDS
1. RECRUITMENT
2. WORKING
CONDITIONS AND
POLICIES
3. APPRAISALS
4. COMPENSATION
AND BENEFITS
STANDARDS
5. LEARNING,
SHARING, AND
DEVELOPMENT
6. CRISIS
MANAGEMENT
AND SECURITY
7. CAPACITY
LEVERAGING
WITH PARTNERS
STRATEGY
A. Encourage continual learning of
staff to maintain a professional
competitive edge as an organization.
Provide right platform to staff to
learn in team setting from outside
experts and inhouse resources.
B. Ensure regular coaching and
mentoring by supervisors. Play an
active role in the development of
staff by means of relevant training
and change in job responsibilities
based on appraisal outcomes, and
through leveraging network
resources.
A. Have a well structured and
documented crisis management plan
(including disaster recovery plan)
well rehearsed by, and well known
to, the staff to minimize damage
and risk to the organization and its
staff.
B. Establish relevant security
systems and guidelines that makes
the working environment secure for
staff.
A. Make intelligent use of the un-
utilized HR capacity of implementing
partners to achieve greater
conservation results.
B. Send our staff temporarily to
work with our partners to comple-
ment their ability to execute and
report back on complex projects that
have multiple donors with diverse
reporting requirements.
47
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
STAFF ACCOUNTABILITYSETTING
110 WWF Nepal believes that theauthority should remain with the peoplewho are accountable for doing the job. Thisbelief has led to the delegation anddevolution of a great deal of authority fromthe top management in WWF Nepal to thepeople who are closest to the action.During this strategic plan period, for thefirst time, a concerted effort will be madeto delineate the accountability and author-ity of our staff in a formal and systematicmanner within the organization’s systemsand processes.
111 This process will start at thevery top by making the senior executivesof the organization accountable for keyfunctions like fundraising, operations, andpublic relations. This will be followed byan overall accountability setting for theentire organization. Accountability for‘spending’ versus ‘fundraising’, ‘enabling’versus ‘doing’, and ‘lessons-learned’versus ‘adaptive-change’ shall be clearlysplit across the organization so as tomake it more effective. Figure 5 elabo-rates this broadly.
112 Despite this division of account-ability, WWF Nepal recognizes that, beinga small and sleek organization, we needto develop certain skills, like communica-tion skills, across the board. Similarly, allemployees, no matter what they do withinthe formal setting of the organization,must contribute in some way to certainactivities such as fundraising. The arrowand reverse arrow on either side of theaccountability setting in Figure 6 signifiesthis characteristic of the process.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
113 The organizational structure ofWWF Nepal shall be further developed inthe first year of the coming strategic planperiod to better tie the objectives of thisplan with individual positions, units, anddepartments according to the overalldirection provided by the accountabilitysetting structure (Figures 5 and 6). TheCountry Representative will be freed fromresponsibilities that others in the organi-zation can take care of, given theirincreased experience and skills. Forexample, the involvement of the CountryRepresentative in field project implemen-
Figure 5: Leadership Accountability Setting
Figure 6: All Staff Accountability Setting
48
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Figure 7: Organization Structure WWF Nepal
tation will substantially decrease and theConservation Program Director willbecome totally accountable for this area.As head of the organization, the CountryRepresentative will continue to be answer-able to the outside world for all facets ofWWF Nepal’s work, but the internaldivision of responsibility described abovewill leave the Country Representative withprecious additional time to build institu-tional and public relations both within andoutside Nepal.
114 In the new structure, there willbe three pillars supporting the CountryRepresentative and taking care of criticalorganizational functions: (i) ConservationProgram Department, (ii) ProgramDevelopment and Resources Depart-ment, and (iii) Business Relations andOperations Department. Each of these
departments will be headed by a SeniorDirector. The Program Development andResources Department and BusinessRelations and Operations Departmentwill provide support to the field programs/projects. Figure 7 gives a broad overviewof the organization structure in thecoming five years.
115 The heart of the organization willbe its field programs/projects led by theConservation Program Director. During thecoming strategic plan period, two newregional offices will be opened by WWFNepal (Eastern Regional Office andWestern Regional Office) to be closer tothe action and to enable WWF Nepal towork directly with communities. Programofficers and other staff will work fromKathmandu with frequent travel to the field.
49
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
116 WWF Nepal will have standingthematic groups to spearhead organizationaldiscourse on subjects of critical importancelike species and forests, etc. These teamswill be led by WWF Nepal staff with profes-sional and academic expertise in thesedisciplines. Relevant staff will be members ofthese thematic groups.
117 Each regional office will be ledby a director and supported by adequateprofessional staff. The regional offices willgradually become more independentthrough the delegation of requisite authori-ties. The Western Regional Office will beopened in Nepalganj at the beginning ofthis strategic plan period.
118 The Director of the ProgramDevelopment and Resources Departmentwill be responsible for running all supportprograms including livelihood programs,policy/advocacy programs, conservationscience and database programs, andeducation/awareness programs. TheProgram Development and ResourcesDepartment will also be responsible forcommunications, marketing, andfundraising functions of WWF Nepal. Thisdepartment will take care of new pro-grams until they become strong enough tobe amalgamated with the field programs.This department will support the Directorof Business Relations and Operationswhile dealing with the Private BusinessSector in Nepal.
119 The operational support functionof WWF NP has been undergoing atransformation. Over the last decade thedepartment has increased its capacity totake up a ‘business partnership’ role in
FIGURE 8: WWF Nepal ChangingShape of Operational Support
supporting all project and programs withinthe office. During the coming strategic planperiod, the Business Relations and Opera-tions department will take a much moreproactive role than in the past to achievebetter results for the organization. Figure 8explains the transformation that it wentthrough in the last five years, and aimingfor in the coming five.
120 The Director of Business Relationsand Operations shall be responsible forfinancial management, reporting and control,human resources and facilities management,contracts management, information technol-ogy usage, program administration, andsecurity and safety of the offices and staff.The Director of Business Relations andOperations will also be responsible for forgingpartnerships with business and industry inNepal for the support of conservation initia-tives. The function of institutional develop-ment, both by developing adequate policies,procedures and systems, and enabling work
50
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
five years, will be made more active byincluding appropriate WWF networkleaders. Terms of reference will be devel-oped for this purpose soon, making theAdvisory Board responsible for providingstrategic direction and guidance to WWFNepal. Several intra-office standing teamswill be created to provide cross-sectionalexpertise for important functions. TheSenior Management Team will be ex-panded to take in senior staff as appropri-ate A fundraising and audit team will becreated to bring about a more concertedand inclusive process to ensure betterresource mobilization and greater ac-countability. Table 2 enumerates some ofthe cross-cutting teams that will helpWWF Nepal in coming five years.
environment to augment WWF Nepal’seffectiveness to deliver conservation resultsshall continue to be the responsibility of thisdepartment. The regional and Project Financeand Administration Officers shall reportindirectly to this department while continuingto report directly to their respective head ofoffices. External audits and tax audits willcontinue to be handled by this departmentwhile efforts shall be made to put in placegood practices like public audits at locationswhere project activities are implemented. Theproject operations manual and other adminis-trative manuals will be periodically updated toaddress the needs of the day .
121 The WWF Nepal Advisory Board,which has been in existence for more than
TABLE 2: Standing Teams to Support Management
STANDING BODIES
Advisory Board
Senior Management Team
Fundraising Team
Audit Team
Crisis Management Team
MEMBERS
Advisors, Country Representative
Country Representative, Directors, and
Senior Officers
Senior Management Team and Senior
Officers
Conservation Program Director, Director
Business Relations and Operations, Senior
Officers
Country Representative, Conservation
Program Director, Director Operations and
Business Relations, and Security focal
point at the office
SCOPE OF WORK
To give strategic guidance and advise on
institutional issues from external
perspective
Management decisions
For situational analysis, addressing funding
gaps, and action planning
Internal and external audits, transparency
and accountability checks, and assimilating
best practices
Crisis management and security,
emergency responses, and disaster
recovery plans
MEETING FREQUENCY
At least once a year
Once a month
Once a quarter
Twice a year
Quarterly
51
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
FUND MOBILIZATIONAND STRATEGY
122 September 11, 2001 and itsaftermath had a negative impact on WWFNepal’s fundraising ability. It is not exactlyclear why, but it is probably due to theshifting priorities of donors in the westfollowing that gruesome incident. How-ever, the end result of this, as of today,looks more positive than negative. Thefundraising is now more robust as theorganization was forced to look beyondthe United States for the financial supportof our projects. Today, as we write thisplan, we have secured financial supportfrom the governments of Netherlands,Finland, and Britain, alongside several ofour conventional donors. In nutshell,WWF Nepal has significantly diversifiedits funding during the last five years, andplans to diversify this even more in thecoming five year time.
123 However, we can not afford to becomplacent. Support from the WWFNetwork still constitutes a pre-dominantpart of our funding. The proportion of fundsat our disposal backed by a long-termcommitment is also minimal. These areserious challenges. In the coming strategicplan period, WWF Nepal will endeavour toovercome these challenges by taking amuch more strategic approach. WWFNepal’s spending has consistently beenless than funds raised. This indicatessome issues within our systems andprocesses. WWF Nepal will be analyzingthis and implementing corrective measuresas elaborated in the earlier section of thisplan. A scientific cost recovery system willalso assist in this process.
124 WWF Nepal has set itself atarget of 30 million USD to be raised andspent on projects and programs in thecoming five years. If achieved, this will bethree times its current capacity. Obviouslythis target is very ambitious and astrategic approach is needed to reach it.Accordingly, WWF Nepal intends todevelop a dynamic fundraising strategyduring the first year of this strategic plan.This will provide a much needed sense ofdirection and set realistic targets andmilestones for fundraising. Accessingfunds for non-core programs will be givenless priority, as it takes attention awayfrom strategic initiatives. Only funds thatcan be realistically spent will be accessedand donors will be kept up-to-date onpotential under-spending.
125 This fundraising strategy willalso approach the issue of leveraging in afocused manner. Realistic targets will beset and ways to capture actual leveragingwill be identified for implementation. Thefocus will be on the further diversificationof our donor profile, as well as on acquir-ing a higher proportion of long-termfunding commitments. A separate analy-sis will be done on the practicality andpossibility of bringing unconventionaldonors into WWF Nepal’s fold.
126 Unlike in the past, the Nepalibusiness community will be harnessed asa substantial source of funding in future.Institutional mechanisms will be devel-oped and increasingly used to engageleaders in business and industry andsensitize them to environmental issues.The language and mediums of communi-
52
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
data/maps provided by this are usedextensively for WWF Nepal’s proposalsand technical reports.
129 In the coming five years, WWFNepal plans to take all of these currentactivities to a higher level of usefulness,thereby bringing about a much higherdegree of efficiency (in terms of both timeand money). The technology, both hard-ware and software, is available withinNepal to allow us to achieve a muchgreater degree of automation in our work.The support extended by service provid-ers is also, by and large, dependable.
130 A strategic approach will beapplied to this end as well. Some of theimmediate measures that WWF Nepal willtake to increase the degree of automationand use of Internet-based solutions areelaborated in the following paragraphs.
131 The official WWF Nepal websitewill be made even more user-friendly bythe addition of features that allow users toreceive regular updates on conservationissues, WWF Nepal eco-circulars, andupdates on new publications by WWFNepal and its partner organizations. Thepossibility of using the website to receivefunds from friends of conservationworldwide will also be tested.
132 WWF Nepal also plans to furtherautomate the transaction processing ofaccounting information and financialreporting. Online accounting software willbe tailored to enable Kathmandu basedstaff to access budget information on
cation used will be tailored to suit theseprospective donors’ world view.
127 WWF Nepal has already takensome steps to strengthen its fundraisingefforts by increasing institutional supportfor this function. The staff responsible forfundraising will now report directly to theCountry Representative. A fundraisingteam has been constituted of membersfrom all disciplines within the organizationto provide support to the fundraising staff.The Communication function will nowbecome part of Marketing andFundraising. The use of the Internet forthis purpose will also be tested.
INFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY (ICT)
128 WWF Nepal has been a reason-ably good user of conventional informa-tion technology in its business. It hasInternet connectivity for every single PCused by its staff. E-mails are the preferredmeans of communication for many routinematters. Data back-up for staff is man-aged in an efficient way. Staff to a largeextent use shared files and resources intheir day to day business. The accountingsystems at the Kathmandu office and inall of the project offices are totallycomputerized. A website atwww.wwfnepal.org is maintained andoffers handy information on conservationand WWF Nepal led projects. It alsoprovides access to our global network ofoffices. A database on biological andsocio-economic information as well GIS ismaintained at the Kathmandu office. The
53
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
funds spent at project offices and otheraccounting information in real-time. Thiswill also replace the current practice ofsending and receiving thick financialreports to/from the project offices, asthey will be readily available inKathmandu. A simple certification pagefrom the project/regional offices willsatisfy the financial reporting needs. Aneffort will also be made to provide activ-ity-based financial reports to programstaff using the same software.
133 Software will also be developedto facilitate the charging of staff-time tothe correct cost centre. This software willallow staff and supervisors to managetime sheets electronically without havingto physically prepare, deliver, and autho-rize time sheets. The same software willbe used to create a database of staff forreal-time use by management. This willalso reduce the manual work currentlybeing done by Accounts and HumanResources staff.
134 A programmatic and operationaldatabase will be maintained in a muchmore structured manner. The use ofnetwork resources will be given a stan-dardized structure by developing andimplementing a quality intranet solution.The programmatic database will bedeveloped in wide consultation with staffand partners over the coming two years.
PRACTICING WHAT WE PREACH
135 WWF Nepal will nominate asmall Environmental ManagementSystems (EMS) Group to monitor andreduce the environmental footprint of theoffice. The group will meet at fixed regularintervals to discuss and implementmechanisms to reduce waste, the use ofresources, the release of pollutants intothe environment, and to promote environ-mental awareness among staff. Percent-age reductions in each of these areas willbe specified and aimed for.
136 Staff will be made aware of WWFNepal’s environmental policies, objec-tives, and targets and be trained to useenergy-saving equipment, methods, andprocedures, particularly in relation to theuse of electricity, heating, ventilation, andwaste management. As a conservationorganization, WWF Nepal will strive toensure that all procurement is ‘green’ andwill reduce, reuse, and recycle in order tohave a lighter environmental footprint.
54
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
institution, WWF Nepal is excited aboutthe possibilities that these enablingconditions will offer. However, the underly-ing causes of the conflict will not changeovernight. The overwhelming poverty,denial of rights of the poor to naturalresources, and lack of inclusive gover-nance all need years of concerted actionon everyone’s part to be solved. WWFNepal will continue to support Nepal’sgrowth in this direction.
140 There is, of course, a chancethat the current peace talks will beunsuccessful and that the politicalinterests of the different controllingparties will take precedence over peaceand order. While this situation is unthink-able, it still must be considered. If thisscenario eventuates, WWF Nepal willcontinue to apply its now proven strategyof maintaining a low institutional profile inrural areas, working through local partnersand communities, and maintaining a highdegree of accountability and transparencyin its dealings.
141 Conservation works in Nepalhave traditionally been supported andpatronized by Nepal’s elite. This couldlead some to conclude that conserva-tion merely serves the rich and powerful.The current delicate political environ-ment might preclude WWF Nepal, andother conservation organizations, fromdenying such unfounded insinuations. Itis, therefore, important for conservationorganizations working in Nepal, and theirfriends, to work pro-actively to commu-nicate the facts to the right audience.WWF Nepal will work towards this as apriority.
REDRESSING RISKS ANDSCENARIOS
137 Hardly out of the turbulent andbloody past, the mere mention of the word‘risk’ in Nepal calls to mind the physical riskto personnel and the organization posed bythe Maoist insurgency. WWF Nepal hasbeen exposed to its share of risk. By someaccounts it will take some time before onewould declare Nepal a safe place to work.While the leaders of the insurgency seemall too eager to embrace peace, it isuncertain how they will control their cadreson the ground. A whole generation has beenraised amidst terror and violence. Hardenedby past experience, WWF Nepal is currentlywell placed to take on these challenges.WWF Nepal has a contingency plan inplace for staff safety and security. It alsoregularly assesses the risk at each of itsproject locations. This preparedness andsome further fine-tuning will hopefully keepstaff safe and secure.
138 The insecure working environ-ment also seriously affects the efficiencyof our service delivery and programimplementation. The past several yearshave led our program planning andbudgeting function to work on a number ofscenarios. A best estimate of the reduc-tion in attainable targets and resultingunder-spending under each of thesescenarios has been prepared and isperiodically reviewed. Donors are informedof extraordinary scenarios. WWF Nepalplans to continue these practices duringthe coming strategic plan period.
139 The return of peace and order inNepal is a welcome change and, as an
55
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
The WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006-2011) is a work inprogress. As an ambitious, adaptive, and innovative organi-zation we aim to deliver not only on the contents of thesepages but also on the overall promise to safeguard a livingplanet for future generations.
We are here to find solutions to save nature byworking with people and WWF Nepal faces the futurewith optimism.
142 With major changes in Nepal’sstate structure on the horizon, it is likely thatin a few years time there will be a totally orsubstantially new structure and system ofgovernment. WWF Nepal will remain neutralto such changes, as long as they are notdetrimental to conservation. WWF Nepal willkeep engaging with government partners,irrespective of how they are constructed andtheir composition, and such engagement willcontinue to be critical to our success.
143 WWF Nepal will by wary ofcommercial interests that are not environ-mentally friendly that might arise in thecoming months and years as the result ofpower changes. Advocacy against such
interests can only be done in partnershipwith like-minded organizations. WWFNepal shall lead and facilitate suchconcerted actions.
144 The destruction of physicalinfrastructure and large scale displace-ment of people as a result of the conflicthave brought immense misery to thealready deprived population in rural Nepal.It is expected that the Government ofNepal, duly supported by internationalcommunity, will give foremost priority tothese issues. WWF Nepal will see to itthat environmental concerns are consid-ered by the government while addressingthese issues.
56
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Summary of Financial ProjectionsFINANCIAL PLAN 2006-11Summary by Objective/Program
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
/PR
OG
RA
M
OB
JEC
TIV
E 1
:
By
2011
to
Pro
tect
, M
anag
e an
d
Rest
ore
repre
senta
tive f
ore
st
ecos
yste
ms
in t
he f
our
G20
0
ecor
egio
ns o
f th
e E
aste
rn H
imal
ayan
Eco
regi
on C
ompl
ex t
o co
nser
ve
biod
iver
sity
and
mee
t th
e liv
elih
ood
need
s of
the
peo
ple
OB
JEC
TIV
E 2
:
By
2011
to
stab
ilise
and
man
age
popu
latio
ns o
f fo
cal
spec
ies
as
met
apop
ulat
ions
in
the
EH
EC
Com
plex
, w
ith t
he g
oal
of m
anag
ing
ecol
ogic
ally
and
dem
ogra
phic
ally
via
ble
meta
popula
tions
OB
JEC
TIV
E 3
:
By
2011
, to
red
uce
the
vuln
erab
ilitie
s of
biod
iver
sity
, ec
osys
tem
s an
d pe
ople
to
clim
ate
chan
ge i
mpa
cts
in
Nep
al a
nd
to i
mpl
emen
t ad
apta
tion
stra
tegi
es
OB
JEC
TIV
E 4
:
By
2011
, to
cha
mpi
on t
he c
ause
of
cons
erva
tion
and
man
agem
ent
of f
resh
wat
er r
esou
rces
to
mai
ntai
n th
eir
inte
grity
/bio
dive
rsity
and
bri
ng b
enef
its
to t
he n
atio
n an
d lo
cal
com
mun
ities
FIN
AN
CIA
L
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
RE
QU
IRE
D
12,8
75,2
39
6,6
23,0
55
5,7
21,0
00
4,3
52,9
07
29,5
72,2
02
TE
RA
I
AR
C
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
6,9
30,6
94
4,5
67,6
25
498,0
00
2,9
16,1
56
14,9
12,4
75
SA
CR
ED
HIM
ALA
YA
N
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
4,7
40,5
05
1,2
17,5
04
4,3
31,0
00
707,6
26
10,9
96,6
35
NO
RT
HE
RN
MO
UN
TA
IN
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
1,1
74,0
40
490,9
26
70,0
00 -
1,7
34,9
66
AR
OU
ND
KA
TH
MA
ND
U
VA
LLE
Y
30,0
00
347,0
00
822,0
00
686,0
00
1,8
85,0
00
OT
HE
R P
RIO
RIT
Y
PR
OG
RA
MS
AN
D A
RE
AS - - -
43,1
25
43,1
25
Fig
ures
in
US
D
57
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
- F
INA
NC
IAL Y
EA
R
OB
JEC
TIV
E 1
:
By
2011
to
Pro
tect
, M
anag
e an
d R
esto
re r
epre
sent
ativ
e fo
rest
ecos
yste
ms
in t
he f
our
G20
0 ec
oreg
ions
of
the
Eas
tern
Him
alay
an
Eco
regi
on C
ompl
ex t
o co
nser
ve b
iodi
vers
ity a
nd m
eet
the
livel
ihoo
d
need
s of
the
peo
ple
OB
JEC
TIV
E 2
:
By
2011
to
stab
ilise
and
man
age
popu
latio
ns o
f fo
cal
spec
ies
as
met
apop
ulat
ions
in
the
EH
EC
Com
plex
, w
ith t
he g
oal
of m
anag
ing
ecol
ogic
ally
and
dem
ogra
phic
ally
via
ble
met
apop
ulat
ions
OB
JEC
TIV
E 3
:
By
2011
, to
red
uce
the
vuln
erab
ilitie
s of
bio
dive
rsity
, ec
osys
tem
s
and
peop
le t
o cl
imat
e ch
ange
im
pact
s in
N
epal
and
to
impl
emen
t
adapta
tion s
trate
gie
s
OB
JEC
TIV
E 4
:
By
2011
, to
cha
mpi
on t
he c
ause
of
cons
erva
tion
and
man
agem
ent
of f
resh
wat
er r
esou
rces
to
mai
ntai
n th
eir
inte
grity
/bio
dive
rsity
and
brin
g be
nefit
s to
the
nat
ion
and
loca
l co
mm
uniti
es
FIN
AN
CIA
L
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
RE
QU
IRE
D
12,8
75,2
39
6,6
23,0
55
5,7
21,0
00
4,3
52,9
07
29,5
72,2
02
FY
07 (
2006
-07)
2,8
15,9
07
1,0
91,5
00
568,0
00
391,0
39
4,8
66,4
46
FY
08 (
2007
-08)
2,9
96,0
48
1,2
32,6
25
1,0
65,0
00
751,1
48
6,0
44,8
21
FY
09 (
2008
-09)
2,6
66,5
54
1,3
56,7
50
1,4
82,0
00
1,2
40,5
39
6,7
45,8
43
FY
10 (
2009
-10)
2,2
15,0
34
1,4
81,5
50
1,3
36,0
00
1,0
64,0
24
6,0
96,6
09
FY
11 (
2010
-11)
2,1
81,6
97
1,4
60,6
30
1,2
70,0
00
906,1
56
5,8
18,4
83
Fig
ures
in
US
D
FIN
AN
CIA
L P
LA
N 2
006-
11S
umm
ary
by F
inan
cial
Yea
r/P
rogr
am
FIN
AN
CIA
L Y
EA
R
(FY
)- P
RO
GR
AM
FY
07 (
2006
-07)
FY
08 (
2007
-08)
FY
09 (
2008
-09)
FY
10 (
2009
-10)
FY
11 (
2010
-11)
FIN
AN
CIA
L
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
RE
QU
IRE
D
4,8
66,4
46
6,0
44,8
21
6,7
45,8
43
6,0
96,6
09
5,8
18,4
83
29,5
72,2
02
TE
RA
I
AR
C
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
2,4
05,5
71
3,0
99,0
96
3,4
61,2
33
3,1
16,4
99
2,8
30,0
76
14,9
12,4
75
SA
CR
ED
HIM
AL
AY
AN
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
1,5
44,1
25
1,9
57,2
50
2,4
66,4
00
2,4
79,5
41
2,5
49,3
19
10,9
96,6
35
NO
RT
HE
RN
MO
UN
TA
IN
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
529,0
00
392
,850
358
,585
223
,943
230
,588
1,7
34,9
66
AR
OU
ND
KA
TH
MA
ND
U
VA
LLE
Y
387
,750
590
,625
444
,625
261
,625
200
,375
1,8
85,0
00
OT
HE
R P
RIO
RIT
RY
PR
OG
RA
MS
AN
D
AR
EA
S -
5,0
00
15,
000
15,
000
8,1
25
43,1
25
Fig
ures
in
US
D
85
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AREA 147,181km2
POPULATION 27 Million (2005 est.)
ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE 2.4%
ETHNICITY 100 ethnic groups
PER CAPITA INCOME 240 US$
GDP GROWTH 4.8% (2003-2007, WB)
POVERTY 31%
HUMAN DEV. INDEX 0.526 (136th)
AREA UNDER PA SYSTEM 19%
FOREST AND SHRUBS 39.6%
APPENDICES
Nepal – Country Profile
PROTECTED AREAS OF NEPAL
CATEGORY AREA (KM2) ALTITUDE (M)
(YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT)
NATIONAL PARKS (NP)
Chitwan NP (1973) 932 150 – 815
Bardia NP (1976/1988) 968 152 – 1494
Shivapuri NP (2002) 144 1366 – 2732
Khaptad NP (1984) 225 1000 – 3276
Makalu Baarun NP (1991) 1,500 435 – 8463
Sagarmatha NP (1976) 1,148 2800 – 8848
Langtang NP (1976) 1,710 792 – 7245
Shey Phoksundo NP (1984) 3,555 2000 – 6885
Rara NP (1976) 106 1800 – 4048
TOTAL 10,288
WILDLIFE RESERVE (WR)
Koshi Tappu WR (1976) 175 90
Parsa WR (1984) 499 150 – 815
Shuklaphanta WR (1976) 305 90 – 270
TOTAL 979
CATEGORY AREA (KM2) ALTITUDE (M)
(YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT)
HUNTING RESERVE (HR)
Dhorpatan HR (1987) 1325 2850 – 7000
TOTAL 1325
CONSERVATION AREA (CA)
Kanchenjunga CA (1997) 2,035 1200 – 8598
Manaslu CA (1998) 1,663 1360 – 8163
Annapurna CA (1986, 1992) 7,629 1000 – 8092
TOTAL 11,327
BUFFER ZONE
Chitwan NP 750
Bardia NP 328
Makalu Barun NP 830
Langtang NP 420
Shey Phoksundo NP 449
Sagarmatha NP 275
Parsa WR
Koshi Tappu WR
TOTAL 3,051
Total Area Protected 26,970
(% of Nepal Territory) (18.32)
86
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
WWF FactsheetTHE GLOBAL CONSERVATION
ORGANIZATION
WWF is one of the world’s largest inde-pendent conservation organizations, withclose to 5 million supporters and anetwork active in more than 100 countrieson five continents. Since its creation in1961, it has maintained a constant recordof success. Today, WWF funds close to2,000 projects and employs more than4,000 people worldwide. It has a globalincome of about CHF 600 million.
MISSION AND PRIORITIES
WWF’s mission is to stop the degradationof the planet’s natural environment and tobuild a future in which humans live inharmony with nature, by:
� conserving the world’s biologicaldiversity
� ensuring that the use of renewableresources is sustainable
� promoting the reduction of pollutionand wasteful consumption.
To achieve its mission, WWF:� works in partnership with govern-
ments, local communities, interna-tional agencies, and business andindustry, identifying realistic solutionsto the world’s most pressing environ-mental problems
� reinforces its program of field projectswith policy work specifically designedto address the root causes of environ-mental degradation
� uses a rational and science-basedapproach to conservation, whichfocuses on key issues and priorities
� carefully stewards all funds receivedand, through global leadership, en-deavors to obtain maximum value fromthese donations through leveraging thesupport of conservation partners
� promotes the replication of its conser-vation achievements through educa-tion and local capacity building, inpartnership with other organizations,and through worldwide communica-tions.
Through its Global Conservation Program,WWF has contributed significantly to thedevelopment of the world conservationmovement and to sustainable develop-ment in a period of great pressure on theplanet’s natural resources.In carrying out its work, WWF cooperateswith many partners, including UN organi-zations and IUCN–The World Conserva-tion Union, as well as developmentagencies such as government aid agen-cies or the World Bank, with which WWFhas formed an alliance to address forestissues.WWF Network income originates fromindividuals (53%), governments and aidagencies (22%), corporate donations
87
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
(10%), trusts and foundations (6%), andother sources (9%).
ProgramsWWF’s Global Conservation Programcovers the full spectrum of conservationactivities, both at field and policy level. Itencompasses ecoregion conservation inthe “Global 200” – areas that WWFscientists have identified as the Earth’smost biologically outstanding terrestrial,freshwater, and marine habitats – andglobal thematic programs on key issues.This is supported by a series of “cross-cutting” initiatives (for example on trade,agriculture, etc.) to eliminate the rootcauses of biodiversity loss.
Ecoregion conservation is achievedthrough Ecoregion Action Programs(EAPs), an ambitious, broad-scale andintegrated approach where WWF, togetherwith many partners, aims to conserveand, where necessary, restore the biologi-cal diversity of an entire ecoregion.
WWF’s thematic programs address keybiomes (forest, freshwater, and marine),global threats (climate change andtoxics), as well as priority endangeredspecies.
Finally, delivery of conservation results isassisted by WWF’s high visibility interna-tional campaigns, which help spotlightcrucial environmental issues and influ-ence national and international policydecisions.
WWF onlinewww.panda.org is the organization’s globalwebsite: an information backbone provid-ing a wealth of data, news and publica-tions about WWF’s work both on theground and in the corridors of power. Thesite is also home to WWF’s global cam-paigning tool “Passport”. It gives visitorsthe licence to take action around theworld on environmental issues from theirhomes, in their offices, at their desks.
WWF’s presence worldwideAustralia, Austria, Belgium, Bhutan,Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Caucasus(Georgia), Central Africa (Cameroon),Central America (Costa Rica), China,Colombia, Danube/Carpathian (Austria),Denmark, Eastern Africa (Kenya), Euro-pean Policy Office (Belgium), Finland,France, Germany, Greater Mekong,Greece, Guianas, Hong Kong, Hungary,India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Macroeco-nomics for Sustainable Development(USA), Madagascar, Malaysia, Mediterra-nean (Italy), Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Russia, South Africa, Southern Africa(Zimbabwe), South Pacific (Fiji), Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey,United Kingdom, United States, WesternAfrica (Accra, Ghana, and Dakar,Senegal).
AssociatesArgentina (Fundación Vida Silvestre),Ecuador (Fundación Natura), Latvia(Pasaules Dabas Fonds), Nigeria (Nige-rian Conservation Foundation), Venezuela(Fudena)
88
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
WWF tries constantly to improve itseffectiveness in conserving biologicaldiversity. Increasingly, we find ourselvesworking at multiple scales: from saving anendangered species that is confined to asingle forest fragment to ameliorating theeffects of global climate change. Most ofour field efforts to date have been withcountry or subregional programs, consist-ing typically of projects that are restrictedto relatively small areas (e.g., a commu-nity-based project, buffer zone program, orprotected area) for relatively short periodsof time (1-3 years). These projects are thebuilding blocks of conservation. However,to halt the global extinction crisis that wenow face, we must conduct conservationplanning over larger spatial scales andlonger time frames than ever before. Thistask requires analysis and planning at thelevel of landscape or larger scales, withmost actions implemented locally.
The ecoregion conceptWhat is an ecoregion? An ecoregion is arelatively large unit of land or water thatcontains a distinct assemblage of naturalcommunities sharing a large majority ofspecies, dynamics, and environmentalconditions. A terrestrial ecoregion ischaracterized by a dominant vegetationtype, which is widely distributed—although not universally present—in theregion and gives a unifying character to it.Because the dominant plant species
provide most of the physical structure ofterrestrial ecosystems, communities ofanimals also tend to have a unity orcharacteristic expression throughout theregion.
Ecoregions are more suitable units forconservation planning because they
� correspond to the major drivingecological and evolutionary processesthat create and maintain biodiversity;
� address the maintenance of popula-tions of the species that need thelargest areas, an element ofbiodiversity that cannot be accommo-dated at the site scale;
� encompass a logical set ofbiogeographically related communitiesfor representation analyses; and
� enable us to determine the best placesto invest conservation efforts and tobetter understand the role that specificprojects can and should play in theconservation of biodiversity over thelong term.
Finally, analyses and planning at theselarge scales provide the best basis forestablishing conservation priorities. “Actlocally, but think globally” is a usefulmotto because, although we invariably
The Biological Basis ofEcoregion-based Conservation
89
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
have to act locally, without thinking morebroadly at global or regional scales, welack a context (biological, social, andeconomic) for specific local actions thatwill produce long-term conservationbenefits.
The Global 200 EcoregionsBiodiversity is not spread evenly acrossthe Earth but follows complex patternsdetermined by climate, geology and theevolutionary history of the planet. Thesepatterns are called ‘ecoregions’. In 1997,WWF embarked on ecoregion conserva-tion as a response to the increased paceof degradation of the world’s endangeredhabitats and species.
To begin with, WWF identified the mostvaluable and sometimes vulnerableecoregions in the world which bestrepresent the breadth of biodiversity andecological processes. The list of priority
ecoregions identified by WWF scientistsis known as ‘The Global 200 Ecoregions’(see map).
The Global 200 recognize the fact that,whilst tropical forests and coral reefsharbour the most biodiversity and arethe traditional targets of conservationorganizations, unique manifestations ofnature are found in temperate and borealregions, in deserts and mountainchains, which occur nowhere else onEarth and which risk being lost foreverif they are not conserved.
The Global 200 is a science-based globalranking of the Earth’s most biologicallyoutstanding terrestrial, freshwater andmarine habitats. It provides a criticalblueprint for biodiversity conservation ata global scale.
90
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
THE GLOBAL 200 REFLECTS
THREE MAJOR INNOVATIONS
� It is comprehensive in its scope - itencompasses all major habitat typesincluding freshwater and marine systemsas well as land-based habitats. It rangesfrom arctic tundra to tropical reefs, frommangroves to deserts, to include speciesfrom every major habitat type on Earth.
� It is representative in its final selec-tion. The most outstanding examples ofeach major habitat type are included fromevery continent and ocean basin. Thus itincludes, for example, the most importanttropical and temperate forests from eachcontinent, and the most important coralreefs from each ocean.
� It uses ecoregions as the unit ofscale for comparison and analysis.Ecoregions are large areas of relativelyuniform climate that harbour a character-istic set of species and ecologicalcommunities. By focusing on large,biologically distinct areas of land andwater, the Global 200 sets the stage forconserving biodiversity.
WWF has selected a subset of the Global200 where it is best placed to carry out
conservation programs at an ecoregionalscale. WWF encourages others to take upthe challenges of conserving the rest ofthe Global 200 ecoregions.
Tying it up: Thematic Programs and theGlobal 200 EcoregionsThere is a clear synergy between andamongst the six thematic programs andthe Global 200 Ecoregions. The sixthematic programs are a set of globallyimportant processes which are WWF’spriorities for conservation action; theGlobal 200 Ecoregions identify thoselarge landscapes WWF has prioritized forbroad-based conservation action.
Work on the global thematic programsboth inside and outside ecoregions, forexample in the area of sustainable forestmanagement or improving the way inwhich freshwater is used in agriculture,will support the conservation ofecoregions. Conservation of the Global200 Ecoregions will address the long-termsecurity of biodiversity by integrating thesix thematic programs with other conser-vation approaches. In turn, this willaddress the full range of socio-economicfactors that are the root cause forbiodiversity loss, leading to concreteconservation solutions.
Like building blocks, all the interventionsundertaken by WWF Nepal are designedto contribute to a larger goal. As depictedin the diagram above, our work in WWF’sfive thematic areas will concentrate oncreating enabling conditions that willreduce threats to biodiversity. This will, inturn, achieve conservation on a larger,ecoregional level.
91
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Poverty, Security, and BiodiversitySince the Maoists began their insurgency in1996, its rapid spread and escalation acrossNepal has resulted in losses made for nationaldevelopment in the last few decades. Infrastruc-ture has been destroyed, community institutionshave broken down, there is diminished confi-dence in the political system, and the naturalenvironment has not escaped unscathed.
While Nepalis hope for a resolution to a decade-long Maoist conflict, the reality is that there willalways be fertile ground for an insurgency ifissues like endemic poverty, regional and ethnicimbalances of power, unequal access to andcontrol over processes of development, limitedawareness of rights, limited livelihoods opportu-nities, and increased vulnerability of localcommunities are not addressed. An importantoften underplayed issue in this conflict isaccess to and use of natural resources, whichis a source of conflict particularly among poor,subsistence communities. This has led to anincrease in the degradation of natural resources,leading to devastating long-term repercussionsfor livelihoods and biodiversity.
Access to livelihood strategies is largelydiminished, especially among remote ruralcommunities who suffer several months of foodscarcity during the year. People become evermore dependant upon the use of natural re-sources for their livelihoods. The decimation ofwildlife populations takes generations to re-cover, if it is capable of recovery at all. Thedegradation of the environment and resourcedepletion can lead the country into a viciouscycle of poverty, political instability and environ-mental degradation.
Although natural resources are fundamental tonational development, security and peace, ithas taken a backseat in terms of national anddonor priorities. The government, donors andnon-government organizations have failed toprioritize development and long-term outcomesin remote rural areas where spatial and socialmarginalization and inequities bred the currentconflict. The escalating violence between theinsurgents and the security forces has divertedfunds indispensable for health, education,environment and vital social services intonational security programs. Rural communitieshave been the most affected by the conflictand a degrading natural environment that putstheir lives and livelihoods at risk, creatingconditions for further political instability andconflict.
It is in this context that WWF Nepal will adopt amulti-pronged approach to contribute to recon-ciliation and peace-building among multipleactors, most of whom have the use of naturalresources at stake for their livelihoods. Webelieve that the conflict can bring aboutprogressive socio-economic and politicalchanges as well as new development opportu-nities. Individuals and groups from differentsocial, economic and political backgrounds andinterests can engage in reconciliation, peace-building and development initiatives.
For the conservation community working inconflict affected areas, and for WWF in particu-lar, this is an opportunity to sustain biodiversityconservation and address the conflict’s causesand impacts.
92
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
ReferencesCBS. 2003. Population Monograph. CBS, Kathmandu
HMGN/MFSC. 2002. Nepal Biodiversity Strategy. Ministry of Forestsand Soil Conservation, Nepal. 170pp.
HMGN/MFSC. 2004. Terai Arc Landscape – Nepal Strategic Plan(2004 – 2014), Broad Strategy Document. Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation, Nepal. 43pp.
IUCN. 2000 IUCN Red List of threatened species
Ra S, Singh, B. 2005. Measuring the economic cost of conflict,Working paper series No. 2. ADB, Kathmandu.
World Bank. 2004. Nepal country assistance strategy 2004-2007.World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal. 133pp.
WWF Nepal Program. 2001. Strategic Plan (2002 – 2006). WWFNepal Program, Kathmandu. 62pp.
59
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
Logical FrameworkA
CT
ION
PLA
N (
Inte
rven
tion
Logi
c)
VIS
ION
: W
WF
Nep
al e
nvis
ions
a p
rosp
erou
s N
epal
with
a s
ocie
ty p
osse
ssin
g an
eth
ic o
f st
ewar
dshi
p an
d re
spon
sibi
lity
tow
ards
nat
ure.
By
2050
Nep
al w
ill h
ave:
�C
onse
rved
bio
dive
rsity
and
the
nat
ural
pro
cess
es t
hat
sust
ain
it in
the
Glo
bal
200
Eco
regi
ons
�E
stab
lishe
d S
ocia
l an
d ec
onom
ic d
evel
opm
ent
patt
erns
tha
t as
sure
s th
e su
stai
nabl
e an
d eq
uita
ble
prov
isio
n of
nat
ural
goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces,
im
prov
ing
livel
ihoo
ds a
nd q
ualit
y of
life
for
cur
rent
and
fut
ure
gene
ratio
ns
�E
limin
ated
or
miti
gate
d cr
itica
l th
reat
s to
spe
cies
, ha
bita
ts a
nd e
colo
gica
l pr
oces
ses
that
der
ive
from
clim
ate
chan
ge,
over
exp
loita
tion
of r
esou
rces
,
unsu
stai
nabl
e co
nsum
ptio
n an
d po
llutio
n
GO
AL:
By
2015
WW
F N
epal
sha
ll co
nser
ve a
t le
ast
3 pr
iorit
y la
ndsc
apes
with
in G
200
ER
s by
:
�re
duci
ng t
hrea
ts t
o sp
ecie
s, h
abita
t an
d ec
olog
ical
pro
cess
es,
and
�im
prov
ing
the
livel
ihoo
ds o
f lo
cal
peop
le
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SIN
DIC
AT
OR
SS
OU
RC
E O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S
OB
JEC
TIV
E 1
:
By
2011
to
Pro
tect
, M
anag
e an
d R
esto
re r
epre
sent
ativ
e
fore
st e
cosy
stem
s in
the
fou
r G
200
ecor
egio
ns o
f th
e
Eas
tern
Him
alay
an E
core
gion
Com
plex
to
cons
erve
biod
iver
sity
and
mee
t th
e liv
elih
ood
need
s of
the
peo
ple
OB
JEC
TIV
E 2
:
By
2011
to
stab
ilise
and
man
age
popu
latio
ns o
f fo
cal
spec
ies
as m
etap
opul
atio
ns i
n th
e E
H E
C C
ompl
ex,
with
the
goal
of
man
agin
g ec
olog
ical
ly a
nd d
emog
raph
ical
ly
viab
le m
etap
opul
atio
ns
OB
JEC
TIV
E 3
:
By
2011
, to
red
uce
the
vuln
erab
ilitie
s of
bio
dive
rsity
,
ecos
yste
ms
and
peop
le t
o cl
imat
e ch
ange
im
pact
s in
Nep
al a
nd t
o im
plem
ent
adap
tatio
n st
rate
gies
OB
JEC
TIV
E 4
:
By
2011
, to
cha
mpi
on t
he c
ause
of
cons
erva
tion
and
man
agem
ent
of f
resh
wat
er r
esou
rces
to
mai
ntai
n th
eir
inte
grity
/bio
dive
rsity
and
bring
ben
efits
to
the
natio
n an
d
loca
l co
mm
uniti
es
60
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SIN
DIC
AT
OR
SS
OU
RC
E O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
ST
RA
TE
GIE
SR
ES
OU
RC
ES
(U
SD
)
OB
JEC
TIV
E 1
: B
y 20
11 t
o P
rote
ct,
Man
age
and
Res
tore
rep
rese
ntat
ive
fore
st e
cosy
stem
s in
the
fou
r G
200
ecor
egio
ns o
f th
e E
aste
rn H
imal
ayan
Eco
regi
on
Com
plex
to
cons
erve
bio
dive
rsity
and
mee
t th
e liv
elih
ood
need
s of
the
peo
ple
12,8
75,2
39
393,7
50
610,5
10
305,2
55
122,1
02
231,2
50
125,0
00
305,2
55
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
By
2009
, 27
0,00
0 ha
und
er
effe
ctiv
e pr
otec
ted
area
man
agem
ent
syst
em i
n T
AL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.2
By
2009
, 29
6,33
4 (S
NP
, LN
P,
KC
A c
ore
area
s w
ithou
t al
pine
mea
dow
) ha
und
er e
ffec
tive
prot
ecte
d ar
ea m
anag
emen
t
syst
em i
n S
HL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.3
By
2010
, 19
2,96
6 ha
of
alpi
ne
mea
dow
s un
der
sust
aina
ble
graz
ing
regi
mes
in
SH
L (S
NP
,
LNP
, K
CA
cor
e ar
eas)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.4
By
2009,
355500 h
a u
nder
eff
ect
ive
pro
tect
ed
are
as
ma
na
ge
me
nt
syst
em
in
NM
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.5
By
2009
, an
add
ition
al 5
5,00
0
ha f
ores
t ar
ea u
nder
pro
tect
ed
area
man
agem
ent
syst
em a
s
an e
xten
sion
are
a of
Bar
dia
Nat
iona
l P
ark
in T
AL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.6
By
2010
, 40
,000
ha
(50%
of
the
tota
l 81
,000
ha
of B
Z f
ores
ts)
of
fore
sts
in B
uffe
r Z
ones
of
Ter
ai
Pro
tect
ed A
reas
und
er e
ffect
ive
com
mun
ity m
anag
emen
t in
TA
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.7
By
2009
, 84
,515
ha
of f
ores
ts
in B
uffe
r Z
ones
of
LNP
and
SN
P i
n S
HL
and
SP
NP
(150
15ha
) un
der
com
mun
ity
ma
na
ge
me
nt
� P
rom
otin
g
scie
ntif
ic m
anage-
men
t of
hab
itat
base
d
on e
colo
gy o
f sp
ecie
s
� E
limin
atin
g/
Red
ucin
g in
vasi
ve
and
exot
ic s
peci
es i
n
Pro
tect
ed A
reas
Stu
dy o
n H
abita
t us
e of
flags
hip
spec
ies
By
2010
, ha
bita
t ar
ea
(with
in p
rote
cted
area
s) i
n 3
prio
rity
land
scap
es o
f G
200
ecor
egio
ns a
t le
ast
equa
l to
200
6
mea
sure
d by
hab
itat
use
of f
lags
hip
spec
ies
and
evid
ence
of
expa
ndin
g di
stri
butio
n
of w
ildlif
e.
TA
RG
ET
1
1.4
mill
ion
hect
ares
of
repr
esen
tativ
e
fore
st a
nd a
lpin
e m
eado
ws
ecos
yste
ms
unde
r th
e P
rote
cted
Are
as s
yste
m i
n 3
Prio
rity
Land
-
scap
es o
f G
200
eco-
regi
ons
are
prot
ecte
d by
201
1.
61
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
91,5
77
15,0
00
22,2
10
6,0
00
122,1
02
46,2
50
427,3
57
24,2
50
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, P
rote
cted
Are
as
in 3
prio
rity
land
scap
es o
f G
200
ecor
egio
ns a
dopt
s
syst
emat
ic p
lann
ing
of
prot
ecte
d ar
eas
and
syst
em
for
ass
ess
ing
ma
na
ge
me
nt
eff
ect
ive
ne
ss
Managem
ent
Pla
ns,
RA
PP
AM
report
s
� D
evel
opin
g an
d
impl
emen
ting
a
met
hodo
logy
for
syst
em
atic
pla
nnin
g
of p
rote
cted
are
as
� A
ssess
ing
ma
na
ge
me
nt
eff
ect
iveness
of
PA
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.8
By
2009
, 15
015
ha o
f fo
rest
s
in B
uffe
r Z
ones
of
SP
NP
unde
r co
mm
unity
man
age-
me
nt
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.9
By
2010
, 50
% o
f al
pine
mea
dow
s (1
22,
260
ha)in
SP
NP
BZ
und
er s
usta
inab
le g
razi
ng
regi
me/
past
ure
man
agem
ent
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
0
By
2010
, S
urve
y on
deg
rade
d
rang
e/pa
stur
e la
nd c
ompl
eted
and
prot
ectio
n si
tes
for
fora
ge
spec
ies
deve
lopm
ent
in N
ML
and
SH
L N
epal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
1
By
2007
Man
agem
ent
Pla
n of
LNP
pre
pare
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
2
By
2009
, S
uppo
rt f
or
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Man
age-
men
t P
lan
of 4
Pro
tect
ed
area
s in
SH
L an
d N
ML
MIL
ES
TO
NE
1.1
3
By
2010
, 3
man
agem
ent
plan
s
of P
As/
BZ
in
TA
L re
vise
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
1.1
4
By
2010
, S
uppo
rt I
mpl
emen
ta-
tion
of M
anag
emen
t P
lan
of 5
Pro
tect
ed a
reas
/Buf
fer
Zon
e
in T
erai
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
5
By
2009
Man
agem
ent
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
all
prot
ecte
d
area
s i
n 3
prio
rity
land
scap
es
of G
200
ecor
egio
ns a
sses
sed
usi
ng R
AP
PA
M
62
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
70,0
00
174,0
38
91,5
77
30,5
26
610,5
10
1,8
96,7
45
1,6
60,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, 25
%
Iinvo
lvem
ent
of l
ocal
com
muniti
es
incr
ease
d
in t
he p
rote
ctio
n of
prot
ecte
d ar
eas
By
2010
, 80
,000
tonn
es o
f fu
elw
ood
save
d an
nual
ly a
s th
e
resu
lt of
alte
rnat
e an
d
effic
ient
ene
rgy
use
and
priv
ate
fore
stry
Case
stu
die
s
chan
ge i
n ho
useh
old
cons
umpt
ion
of f
uelw
ood
� S
uppo
rtin
g
com
munity
managed
prot
ecte
d ar
eas
� E
nsur
ing
stake
hold
er
invo
lvem
ent
in a
nd
supp
ort
for
prot
ecte
d
are
as
� P
rom
otin
g
alte
rnat
ive
ener
gy
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
6
By
2009
, go
vern
men
t po
licy
influ
ence
d, s
uppo
rted
, an
d
impl
emen
ted
to e
mpo
wer
KC
A
Cou
ncil
to m
anag
e co
nser
va-
tion
area
of
2,03
5 sq
km
in
SH
L
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
7
By
2010
, in
com
e le
vel
of 1
0,00
0
hous
ehol
ds i
n B
uffe
r Z
ones
of
Ter
ai P
rote
cted
are
as i
ncre
ased
from
eco
tour
ism
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
8
By
2010
, in
com
e le
vel
of 2
,000
hous
ehol
ds i
n S
HL
incr
ease
d
from
Eco
tour
ism
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.1
9
By
2010
, in
com
e le
vel
of 5
00
hous
ehol
ds
in N
ML
incr
ease
d
from
Eco
touri
smt
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F1.2
0
By
2010
, A
war
enes
s an
d
know
lege
of
80%
of
peop
le i
n
foca
l ar
eas
rais
ed o
n ke
y
issu
es o
f bi
odiv
ersi
ty
cons
erva
tion
and
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ent
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
By
2010
, pr
essu
res
on f
ores
t
reso
urce
s de
crea
sed
by 3
0 -
40%
as
a re
sult
of 4
0,00
0 H
H
adop
ting
alte
rnat
ive
ener
gy
sche
mes
(10
000
biog
as+3
0000
ICS
) in
TA
L N
epal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
By
2010
, pr
essu
res
on f
ores
t
reso
urce
s de
crea
sed
by 3
0%
as a
res
ult
of 3
,000
HH
s
adop
ting
affo
rdab
le a
ltern
a-
tives
in
SH
L N
epal
TA
RG
ET
2
0.31
mill
ion
ha o
f fo
rest
s in
3 p
riorit
y
land
scap
es o
f G
200
ecor
egio
ns u
nder
effe
ctiv
e m
anag
emen
t by
201
1,
63
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
632,0
00
159,6
02
200,0
00
45,6
25
122,1
02
152,6
28
305,2
55
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2011
, ef
fect
ive
managem
ent
of
340,
000
ha o
f fo
rest
unde
r va
riou
s
dece
ntra
lised
for
est
managem
ent
modes
(co
mm
un
ity,
colla
bora
tive,
Lease
hold
)
Are
a of
for
ests
und
er
com
munity
managem
ent
� S
uppo
rtin
g
prep
arat
ion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
dist
rict
for
est
sect
or
plan
with
int
egra
ted
land
use
plan
ning
� P
rom
otin
g
appr
opriat
e m
odes
of
managem
ent
of
fore
st r
eso
urc
es
� P
rote
ctin
g fo
rest
s
from
ille
gal
activ
ities
,
fore
st f
ires
� E
nsur
ing
sust
aina
bilit
y of
loc
al
inst
itutio
ns e
ngag
ed
in r
esou
rce
ma
na
ge
me
nt
MIL
ES
TO
NE
2.3
By
2009
, 21
71 h
ouse
hold
s
(rem
aini
ng 1
045)
in
BZ
are
a of
NM
L ad
opt
affo
rdab
le
altern
ative
s.
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.4
By
2010
, 50
0 he
ctar
e of
priv
ate
fore
st/a
gro
fore
st
esta
blis
hed
and
mee
t th
e da
ily
need
of
fore
st p
rodu
cts
of
2500
Hou
seho
lds
in T
AL,
SH
L
and N
ML.
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.5
By
2010
, 23
0,00
0 ha
of
fore
st
unde
r ef
fect
ive
man
agem
ent
as a
res
ult
of i
mpl
emen
tatio
n
of D
istr
ict
For
est
Sec
tor
Pla
n
in 3
dis
tric
ts (
Ban
ke,
Sun
sari,
and
Jhap
a) i
n T
erai
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.6
By
2009
, 20
0 ha
are
a of
TA
L
fore
st l
ease
d to
poo
r an
d
mar
gina
lized
hou
seho
lds
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.7
By
2010
, 40
,000
ha
(10%
of
prio
rity
for
est
man
agem
ent
area
396
,160
ha)
und
er
Com
munity
managem
ent
in
SH
L N
epal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.8
By
2010
, 45
,000
ha
(250
CF
UG
) under
com
munity
fore
stry
man
agem
ent
in T
AL
Nepal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.9
By
2009
, 24
,032
ha
of c
ritic
al
ripar
ian
fore
st u
nder
eff
ectiv
e
man
agem
ent
in S
HL
64
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
305,2
55
615,0
28
12,5
00
122,1
02
749,0
53
213,6
79
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2009
, 3
criti
cal
fore
st a
reas
in
TA
L
and
SH
L m
anag
ed
scie
ntifi
cally
in
the
inte
rest
of
biod
iver
sity
unde
r sp
ecia
l po
rtfo
lio
By
2009
inc
reas
ed
inco
me
leve
l o
f
37,0
00 m
argi
nalis
ed
hous
ehol
ds i
n T
AL
and
SH
L fr
om t
he b
asel
ine
stat
us a
s a
resu
lt of
fore
st a
nd N
TF
P
base
d IG
A.
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its
sam
ple
hous
ehol
d su
rvey
amon
g th
e m
argi
nalis
ed
gro
ups
� L
obby
ing
for
spec
ial
port
folio
of
criti
cal
fore
sts
� D
iver
sify
ing
livel
ihoo
d op
tions
thro
ugh
the
sust
aina
ble
use
of
fore
st r
eso
urc
es
MIL
ES
OT
NE
F2.1
0
By
2010
, 30
% r
educ
tion
in
illeg
al a
ctiv
ities
in
the
natio
nal
fore
sts
com
pare
d to
bas
elin
e
of 2
006
as a
res
ult
of
mob
iliza
tion
of C
omm
unity
base
d an
ti-po
achi
ng o
pera
tion
units
in
3 pr
iority
lan
dsca
pes
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
1
By
2009
, im
prov
ed c
apac
ity o
f
gove
rnm
ent
and
loca
l
inst
itutio
ns f
or c
oord
inat
ed,
effe
ctiv
e an
d ef
ficie
nt d
eliv
ery
of s
usta
inab
le r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent
and
impr
oved
livelih
oods
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
2
By
2008
, go
vern
men
t de
sign
ate
spec
ial
portfo
lio t
o co
rrid
ors,
bottl
enec
ks a
nd C
huria
For
ests
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
3
By
2010
, 2
Fun
ctio
nal
Cor
ridor
s in
Ter
ai m
anag
ed
scie
ntifi
cally
(m
osai
c ha
bita
t,
land
use
plan
ning
, zo
ning
)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
4
By
2010
, 15
,000
poo
r an
d
mar
gina
lised
hou
seho
lds
in
TA
L, b
enef
it fr
om i
ncre
ased
inco
me
leve
l th
roug
h
sust
aina
ble
fore
st a
nd N
TF
P
base
d in
com
e ge
nera
ting
opport
uniti
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
2.
15
By
2010
, 3,
000
Hou
seho
lds
in
SH
L be
nefit
fro
m i
ncre
ased
inco
me
leve
l th
roug
h
sust
aina
ble
fore
st a
nd N
TF
P
base
d In
com
e ge
nera
ting
opport
uniti
es
65
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
61,0
51
183,1
53
68,7
50
44,0
00
63,7
50
12,5
00
27,7
50
15,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, 2
cert
ified
fore
st p
rodu
ct
harv
est
ed f
rom
sust
aina
bly
man
aged
fore
st a
vaila
ble
in t
he
ma
rke
t
By
2009
, 2
fore
stry
sect
or p
olic
ies
amm
ende
d to
ens
ure
equi
tabl
e di
stribu
tion
of
benefit
s fr
om
bio
div
ers
ity c
onse
rva-
tion
By
2010
, B
asel
ine
and
data
base
for
per
iodi
c
mon
itori
ng o
f fo
rest
reso
urce
s es
tabl
ishe
d
and
feed
back
to
the
plan
ning
and
man
agem
ent
of t
hose
fore
sts
Gov
ernm
ent
endo
rsed
For
est
cert
ifica
tion
crite
ria
and
Indi
cato
r, B
iodi
vers
ity
regi
stra
tion
prof
ile
Polic
y re
com
mendatio
n
pape
r
Sat
ellit
e im
ages
, da
taba
se
� S
uppo
rtin
g fo
rest
cert
ifica
tion p
roce
ss
� P
ilotin
g co
mm
unity
base
d bi
odiv
ersi
ty
regi
stra
tion
and
mech
anis
m o
f
acce
ss t
o be
nefit
shari
ng
� R
evie
win
g, r
evis
ing
and
form
ulat
ing
polic
ies
tow
ards
sust
aina
ble
use
of
fore
st r
eso
urc
es
� C
ondu
ctin
g
period
ic m
onito
ring
of
fore
st r
eso
urc
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
2.
16
By
2010
, 60
0 H
ouse
hold
s in
NM
L be
nefit
fro
m i
ncre
ased
inco
me
leve
l th
roug
ht
sust
aina
ble
NT
FP
har
vest
ing
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
7
By
2010
, P
rovi
de B
usin
ess
Dev
elop
men
t S
ervi
ces
for
18,6
00 H
ouse
hold
seng
aged
in
NT
FP
ent
erpr
ises
in
SH
L an
d
NM
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
8
By
2010
, N
atio
nal
crite
ria a
nd
indi
cato
r fo
r fo
rest
cer
tific
atio
n
esta
blis
hed
and
pilo
ted
in a
t
leas
t 2
site
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.1
9
By
2007
, co
mm
unity
bas
ed
biod
iver
sity
reg
istr
atio
n
initi
ated
in
4 P
ilot
site
s of
TA
L
and
SH
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
0
By
2008
, 5
fore
stry
sec
tor
polic
ies
anal
yzed
and
feed
back
pro
vide
d to
gove
rnm
ent
for
revi
sion
mak
ing
them
mor
e in
clus
ive
and
peop
le f
ocus
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
1
By
2010
, as
sess
men
t of
fore
st c
over
cha
nge
upda
ted
for
TA
L N
epal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
2
By
2007
, V
eget
atio
n an
alys
is
of 2
cor
ridor
s in
TA
L
con
du
cte
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
3
By
2008
, fo
rest
cla
ssifi
catio
n
and
base
line
mon
itoring
data
base
est
ablis
hed
for
SH
L-
Nepal
66
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
73,0
00
20,0
00
20,0
00
763,1
38
305,2
55
3,0
53
138,7
50
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, 5,
000
hous
ehol
ds r
ecei
ve
bett
er h
ealth
car
e fr
om
eff
ect
ive m
anagem
ent
of M
edic
inal
Pla
nts
By
2010
, N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es a
t 2
site
s
of S
HL
man
aged
thro
ugh
revi
ved
and
stre
ngth
ened
trad
ition
al k
now
ledg
e
and
prac
tices
By
2009
, 50
,000
hect
are
of f
ores
t un
der
rest
ora
tion m
easu
res
like
plan
tatio
n an
d
natu
ral
rege
nera
tion
By
2009
, P
ilot
site
s to
cons
erve
the
gen
etic
base
of
two
enda
nger
ed p
lant
speci
es
est
ablis
hed
TH
CC
reco
rds
annu
al r
epor
ts,
case
stu
die
s
Are
a of
deg
rade
d fo
rest
unde
r pl
anta
tion
and
natu
ral
rege
nera
tion
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its
� D
iver
sify
ing
livel
ihoo
d op
tions
thro
ugh
the
sust
aina
ble
use
of
fore
st r
eso
urc
es
� P
rom
otin
g
inte
gra
ted l
ivest
ock
ma
na
ge
me
nt
� R
esto
ring
deg
rade
d
fore
st i
n th
e cr
itica
l
area
s th
roug
h
appr
opri
ate
inte
rventions
� P
ilotin
g in
-situ
cons
erva
tion
of
plan
ts s
peci
es i
n
criti
cal
area
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F2.2
4
By
2010
, 50
00 h
ouse
hold
s in
SH
L &
N
ML
rece
ive
bett
er
heal
th c
are
faci
litie
s fr
om
eff
ect
ive m
anagem
ent
of
Med
icin
al p
lant
s an
d
prom
otio
n of
tra
ditio
nal
heal
th
care
sys
tem
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
2.2
5
By
2010
, tr
aditi
onal
kno
wle
dge
of l
and
man
agem
ent
prac
tices
and
biod
iver
sity
use
in
2
com
mun
ities
in
SH
L id
entif
ied,
docu
men
ted
and
prom
oted
MIL
ES
TO
NE
2.
26
By
2008
, C
ultu
ral
map
ping
(inc
ludi
ng s
acre
d si
tes,
mob
ility
and
ass
ocia
ted
biod
iver
sity
use
kno
wle
dge)
in
the
SH
L de
velo
ped
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F3.1
By
2008
, 40
,000
ha
of d
egra
ded
fore
sts
unde
r re
stor
atio
n in
criti
cal
area
of
TA
L-N
epal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F3.2
By
2009
, 10
,000
ha
(out
of
tota
l 17
3,44
5 ha
of
prio
rity
rest
orat
ion
fore
st a
reas
) in
criti
cal
area
s un
der
rest
orat
ion
in S
HL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F3.3
By
2010
, 10
0 H
a (o
ut o
f 4,
359
ha)
unde
r re
stor
atio
n in
NM
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
3.4
By
2009
, 4
pilo
t si
tes
for
in
situ
con
serv
atio
n of
pla
nt
spec
ies
that
are
fac
ing
thre
ats
of e
xtin
ctio
n fr
om i
ts
ecol
ogic
al r
ange
est
ablis
hed
TA
RG
ET
3
50,0
00 h
a of
deg
rade
d fo
rest
s in
the
criti
cal
area
s of
3 p
rior
ity l
ands
cape
s
of G
200
ecor
egio
ns
unde
r re
stor
atio
n
by 2
011
67
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
15,0
00
45,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
3.5
By
2009
, at
lea
st o
ne I
PA
(Im
portan
t pl
ant
area
) de
sign
ated
in t
he S
HL
for
cons
ervi
ng p
lant
dive
rsity
MIL
ES
TO
NE
3.6
By
2010
, F
lora
l ho
tspo
ts i
n
criti
cal
area
s in
the
SH
L un
der
conse
rvation
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SIN
DIC
AT
OR
SS
OU
RC
E O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
ST
RA
TE
GIE
SR
ES
OU
RC
ES
(U
SD
)
OB
JEC
TIV
E 2
: B
y 20
11 t
o st
abili
se a
nd m
anag
e po
pula
tions
of
foca
l sp
ecie
s as
met
apop
ulat
ions
in
the
EH
EC
Com
plex
, w
ith t
he g
oal
of m
anag
ing
ecol
ogic
ally
and
dem
ogra
phic
ally
via
ble
met
apop
ulat
ions
6,6
23,0
55
312,5
00
15,0
00
250,0
00
312,5
00
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
Fro
m 2
007,
pop
ulat
ion
of
bree
ding
tig
ers
esta
blis
hed
and
mai
ntai
ned
at 1
23+
in
TA
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
By
2009
, H
ome
rang
e of
tiger
s in
are
as o
f hi
gh d
ensi
ty
dete
rmin
ed t
hrou
gh r
adio
tele
me
try
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.3
Fro
m 2
010,
the
rhi
no
popu
latio
n in
Bar
dia
Nat
iona
l
Par
k m
aint
aine
d at
100
+
rhin
os
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.4
Fro
m 2
010,
pop
ulat
ion
of
rhin
os e
stab
lishe
d an
d
mai
ntai
ned
at 2
0+ i
n
Suk
laph
anta
Wild
life
Res
erve
� S
tren
gthe
ning
Ant
i-
poac
hing
Ope
ratio
ns
� M
anag
ing
Key
Sp
eci
es
� S
tren
gthe
ning
Ant
i-
poac
hing
Ope
ratio
ns
� M
anag
ing
Key
Sp
eci
es
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
Fro
m 2
007,
Tig
er
popu
latio
n (1
23
bree
ding
) sh
own
to
stab
ilise
d an
d
mai
ntai
ned
or
incr
ease
d fr
om
2000
(DN
PW
C)
base
line
By
2009
, S
econ
d
viab
le p
opul
atio
n of
rhin
o (>
100)
esta
blis
hed
at B
NP
and
third
pop
ulat
ion
of
rhin
o es
tabl
ishe
d (3
0+)
in S
WR
whi
le
mai
ntai
ning
the
sou
rce
popu
latio
n of
rhi
nos
at
CN
P
TA
RG
ET
4
To
stab
ilize
or
incr
ease
the
pop
ulat
ion
(com
pare
d to
bas
elin
e of
200
6) o
f
prio
rity
spe
cies
and
spe
cies
of
spec
ial
conc
ern
in t
he t
hree
prio
rity
land
scap
es o
f G
200
eco
regi
ons
in
Nep
al b
y 20
11
68
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
312,5
00
18,7
50
18,7
50
20,0
00
91,5
77
65,0
00
16,0
00
5,0
00
29,3
75
30,5
26
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
80%
red
uctio
n
in t
he r
epor
ts o
f
poac
hing
inc
iden
ts o
f
rhin
o in
TA
L fr
om t
he
2006
bas
elin
e as
mea
sure
d ag
ains
t
eff
ort
By
2010
, kn
owle
dge
base
on
elep
hant
s,
thei
r be
havi
or a
nd
habi
tat
esta
blis
hed
and
feed
back
to
the
plan
ning
and
des
igni
ng
of t
he i
nter
vent
ions
By
2010
, es
timat
e of
SL
popu
latio
n in
SH
L
Nep
al e
stab
lishe
d
By
2010
, po
achi
ng o
f
snow
leo
pard
red
uced
by 3
0% o
f 20
07 l
evel
s
thro
ugh
impr
oved
com
munity
monito
ring
and
enfo
rcem
ent
of
natio
nal
law
s
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
rese
arch
rep
orts
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
� S
tren
gthe
ning
Ant
i-
poac
hing
Ope
ratio
ns
� M
anag
ing
Key
Sp
eci
es
� S
tren
gthe
ning
Ant
i-
poac
hing
Ope
ratio
ns
� M
anag
ing
Key
Sp
eci
es
� C
ondu
ctin
g lo
ng
term
sci
entif
ic
rese
arch
on
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
� S
tren
gthe
ning
Ant
i-
poac
hing
Ope
ratio
ns
� M
anag
ing
Key
Sp
eci
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.5
By
2010
, th
e rh
ino
popu
latio
n
in C
hitw
an N
atio
nal
Par
k
stab
lizes
at
its l
evel
of
2006
(400
+)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.6
By
2007
, S
tatu
s su
rvey
of
elep
hant
pop
ulat
ion
com
plet
ed
in T
erai
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.7
By
2010
, R
angi
ng p
atte
rn o
f 4
subp
opul
atio
n of
ele
phan
ts
dete
rmin
ed t
hrou
gh r
adio
colla
ring
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.8
By
2007
SL
surv
ey c
ompl
eted
in K
CA
, S
NP
and
LN
P
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.9
By
2008
, co
mm
unity
-bas
ed
mon
itoring
pro
gram
for
SL
esta
blis
hed
in S
HL-
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
0
By
2008
, 3-
4 S
L ra
dio-
colla
red
in S
NP
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
1
By
2007
, S
L ha
bita
t m
appe
d
in S
HL
usin
g fie
ld d
ata
and
GIS
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
2
By
2008
, da
taba
se o
n pr
ey
base
of
SL
esta
blis
hed/
revi
site
d in
NM
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
3
By
2007
, ba
selin
e fo
r
poac
hing
est
ablis
hed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
4
By
2008
, co
mm
unity
-bas
ed
antip
oach
ing
mec
hani
sms
in
pla
ce
69
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
61,0
51
15,0
00
122,1
02
20,0
00
187,5
00
15,0
00
15,0
00
128,2
07
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, es
timat
e of
Red
Pan
da p
opul
atio
n
in S
HL
Nep
al
est
ablis
hed
By
2010
, po
pula
tion
of
spec
ies
of s
peci
al
conc
ern
mai
ntai
ned
thro
ugh
in-s
itu a
nd e
x-
situ
conse
rvatio
n
By
2010
, es
timat
e of
Mus
k D
eer
popu
latio
n
in S
HL
Nep
al
est
ablis
hed
rese
arch
rep
orts
Ann
ual
repo
rt,
rese
arch
report
rese
arch
rep
orts
� C
ondu
ctin
g lo
ng
term
sci
entif
ic
rese
arch
on
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
� S
uppo
rtin
g
pro
tect
ion/
reest
ablis
hm
ent
popu
latio
n of
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
� C
ondu
ctin
g lo
ng
term
sci
entif
ic
rese
arch
on
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
5
By
2007
, pr
escr
iptio
ns f
or S
now
Leop
ard
Man
agem
ent
inte
rven
tions
for
key
are
as
outs
ide
PA
s de
velo
ped
and
inco
rpor
ated
in
the
Dis
tric
t
Dev
elop
men
t P
erio
dic
Pla
ns
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
6
By
2009
, R
ed P
anda
Sur
vey
in K
CA
, S
NP
and
LN
P
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
7
By
2010
, C
omm
unity
bas
ed
anti
poac
hing
mec
hani
sms
in
pla
ce
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
8
By
2009
, S
tatu
s su
rvey
of
small
mam
mals
/sm
all
carn
ivor
es i
n cr
itica
l ar
eas
com
ple
ted
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.1
9
By
2009
, po
pula
tion
of
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
(Bis
on,
Wat
er b
uffa
llo,
blac
kbuc
k, g
hari
al,
swam
p
deer
) st
abili
zed
and
main
tain
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
0
By
2008
, st
udy
on i
nter
actio
ns
betw
een
dom
estic
sto
cks
and
wild
ung
ulat
es c
ompl
eted
in
SH
L an
d N
ML
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
1
By
2008
, M
usk
Dee
r su
rvey
in
KC
A,
SN
P a
nd L
NP
com
ple
ted
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
2
By
2009
, C
omm
unity
bas
ed
anti
poac
hing
mec
hani
sms
in
pla
ce
70
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
125,0
00
31,2
50
15,0
00
312,5
00
312,5
00
152,6
28
91,5
77
32,5
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, M
echa
nism
to m
anag
e pr
oble
m
anim
als
in t
he 4
PA
s
est
ablis
hed
By
2010
, G
enet
ic
stru
ctur
e of
2 k
ey
spec
ies
and
1 sp
ecie
s
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
dete
rmin
ed
By
2010
, ha
bita
t ar
ea
with
in p
rote
cted
are
as
(TA
L+S
HL)
at
leas
t
equa
l to
200
6
mea
sure
d by
hab
itat
use
of f
lags
hip
spec
ies
and
evid
ence
of
expa
ndin
g di
stri
butio
n
of w
ildlif
e
By
2010
, G
IS
data
base
on
the
key
spec
ies
and
thei
r
habi
tat
esta
blis
hed
and
feed
back
to
the
plan
ning
and
des
igni
ng
of t
he
inte
rventions
Ann
ual
repo
rt
rese
arch
rep
orts
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
rese
arch
rep
orts
, D
atab
ase
� M
anag
ing
Pro
blem
and
Orp
han
Ani
mal
s
� C
ondu
ctin
g lo
ng
term
sci
entif
ic
rese
arch
on
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
� P
rom
otin
g
scie
ntif
ic m
anage-
men
t of
hab
itat
base
d
on e
colo
gy o
f sp
ecie
s
� C
ondu
ctin
g lo
ng
term
sci
entif
ic
rese
arch
on
key
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
3
By
2008
, R
ehab
ilita
tion/
rein
trod
uctio
n st
rate
gy f
or
prob
lem
ani
mal
s pr
epar
ed a
nd
impl
emen
ted
in T
AL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
4
By
2010
, G
enet
ic v
aria
bilit
y
amon
g th
e po
pula
tion
of 2
flags
hip
spec
ies
dete
rmin
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S1.2
5
By
2010
, G
enet
ic v
aria
bilit
y
amon
g th
e po
pula
tion
of 1
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn
dete
rmin
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S
2.1
By
2010
, 50
0 ha
of
gra
ssla
nd
habi
tat
insi
de p
rote
cted
are
as
man
aged
ann
ually
for
Ung
ulat
es a
nd b
irds
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S2.2
By
2009
, 15
wat
erho
les/
wet
land
s in
side
pro
tect
ed a
reas
man
aged
ann
ually
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S2.3
By
2010
, 52
9,73
9
(306
,573
SH
L+22
3,16
6 N
ML
)
hect
are
of s
now
leo
pard
habt
iat
unde
r ef
fect
ive
man
agem
ent
in S
HL
and
NM
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S2.4
By
2010
, 49
,092
hec
tare
of
Red
pan
da h
abita
t un
der
effe
ctiv
e m
anag
emen
t in
NM
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S2.5
By
2008
, G
IS d
atab
ase
on
key
spec
ies
dist
ribu
tion,
popu
latio
n, a
nd h
abita
t
esta
blis
hed
in N
epal
-TA
L
RE
FE
R M
ILE
ST
ON
E S
1.6
-
1.1
2
TA
RG
ET
5
To
Pro
tect
, M
anag
e or
Res
tore
the
criti
cal
habi
tat
of p
rior
ity s
peci
es a
nd
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn i
n th
e
thre
e pr
iorit
y la
ndsc
apes
of
G 2
00
ecor
egio
ns i
n N
epal
by
2011
(als
o re
fer
Tar
get
1&2)
71
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
187,5
00
76,0
51
148,2
05
375,0
00
91,5
77
20,0
00
140,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2009
, 80
%
redu
ctio
n in
the
spr
ead
of i
nvas
ive
and
exot
ic
spec
ies
in P
rote
cted
Are
as o
f T
erai
By
2008
, 50
%
redu
ctio
n in
the
hum
an
wild
life
conf
lict
in
area
s ar
ound
PA
s
By
2010
, re
talia
tory
killi
ng o
f sn
ow l
eopa
rd
redu
ced
by 5
0% o
f
2007
lev
els
in t
he S
HL
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
Str
ateg
y do
cum
ent,
ann
ual
repo
rts,
Cas
e st
udie
s, B
Z/
CF
CC
reco
rds,
park
s
reco
rds
(com
pla
ints
repo
rted
)
Par
k re
cord
s, r
esea
rch
repo
rts,
ann
ual
repo
rt
� E
limin
atin
g/
Red
ucin
g in
vasi
ve
and
exot
ic s
peci
es
� D
evel
opin
g an
d
impl
emen
ting
a
com
pre
hensi
ve
hum
an w
ildlif
e
conf
lict
miti
gatio
n
stra
teg
y
� P
ilotin
g co
mm
unity
base
d c
om
pensa
tion
sche
mes
to
addr
ess
hum
an w
ildlif
e
con
flic
t
� A
dopt
ing
Hum
an
Wild
life
Con
flict
miti
gatio
n st
rate
gies
that
ben
efits
livel
ihoo
ds o
f th
e
loca
ls
� D
evel
opin
g an
d
impl
emen
ting
a
com
pre
hensi
ve
hum
an w
ildlif
e
conf
lict
miti
gatio
n
stra
teg
y
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S
2.6
By
2009
, in
vasi
ve a
nd e
xotic
spec
ies
(Mik
enia
, w
ater
hyac
inth
) sp
read
red
uced
thro
ugh
inte
grat
ed a
ppro
ach
in
PA
s an
d C
ritic
al a
reas
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.1
By
2007
, hu
man
-tig
er a
nd
Hum
an -
ele
phan
t an
d H
uman
- S
now
leo
pard
con
flict
miti
gatio
n st
rate
gies
deve
lope
d an
d im
plem
ente
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.2
By
2007
Com
mun
ity b
ased
Hum
an W
ildlif
e C
onfli
ct
mitig
ation/c
om
pensa
tion
mec
hani
sms
esta
blis
hed
in 3
site
s in
TA
L S
HL
and
NM
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.3
By
2009
, 50
% o
f ho
useh
old
vuln
erab
ility
dec
reas
ed i
n al
l
com
muniti
es
thro
ugh
min
imiz
ed h
uman
-wild
life
conf
lict
in t
he T
AL-
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.4
By
2009
, 50
% o
f ho
useh
old
vuln
erab
ility
dec
reas
ed i
n al
l
com
muniti
es
thro
ugh
min
imiz
ed h
uman
-wild
life
conf
lict
in S
HL
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.5
By
2007
, ba
selin
e fo
r
reta
liato
ry k
illin
g es
tabl
ishe
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.6
By
2009
, co
nflic
t m
itiga
tion
inte
rven
tions
in
plac
e
TA
RG
ET
6
To
redu
ce h
uman
wild
life
conf
lict
and/
or e
stab
lish
livel
ihoo
d ba
sed
cons
erva
tion
initi
ativ
es i
n th
ree
prio
rity
land
scap
es o
f G
200
ecor
egio
ns i
n N
epal
to
redu
ce t
hrea
ts
to p
rior
ity s
peci
es a
nd s
peci
es o
f
spec
ial
conc
ern
by 2
011
72
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
181,4
10
265,3
46
902,6
28
291,8
66
123,8
41
105,5
26
68,2
50
71,5
65
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, 50
,000
hous
ehol
ds a
re
bene
fited
fro
m
livel
ihoo
d ba
sed
conse
rvatio
n i
niti
ativ
es
By
2009
, 80
%
redu
ctio
n in
ille
gal
trad
e of
wild
life,
wild
life
part
s an
d th
eir
deri
vative
s
annu
al r
epor
ts
DN
PW
C r
eco
rds,
rese
arc
h
repo
rts,
end
orse
d C
ITE
S
bill
� P
ilotin
g liv
elih
ood
base
d co
nser
vatio
n
initia
tive
s
� C
ontr
ollin
g ill
egal
trad
e of
wild
life,
wild
life
part
s an
d th
eir
deri
vative
s
� S
uppo
rtin
g C
ITE
S
imple
menta
tion
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.7
By
2009
, C
omm
unity
bas
ed
Wild
life
farm
ing
pilo
ted
at
leas
t in
3 C
FU
G o
f T
AL
and
1
Pilo
t si
te i
n S
HL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.8
By
2009
, C
omm
unity
bas
ed
ecot
ourism
pilo
ted
at 2
site
s
outs
ide
prot
ecte
d ar
eas
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S3.9
By
2010
, 60
% h
ouse
hold
s of
the
buff
er z
ones
and
critic
al
area
s be
nefit
ed f
rom
enhance
d c
om
munity
serv
ices
in T
AL
and
SH
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.1
By
2007
, a
wat
ch g
roup
to
mon
itor
wild
life
trad
e
est
ablis
hed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.2
By
2007
a c
ampa
ign
to
sens
itize
and
aw
are
spec
ific
targ
et g
roup
s (j
udic
iary
,
polic
e,
cust
om
s, p
ost
s,
tran
spor
ts)
on w
ildlif
e tr
ade
deve
lope
d an
d im
plem
ente
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S
4.3
By
2007
a c
ampa
ign
agai
nst
use
of w
ildlif
e pa
rts
and
deriva
tives
for
end
use
rs w
ith
support
fro
m W
WF
Netw
ork
deve
lope
d an
d im
plem
ente
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.4
By
2008
CIT
ES
bill
ena
cted
as
law
by
Gov
ernm
ent
of N
epal
and
DN
PW
C s
uppo
rted
for
its
effe
ctiv
e im
plem
enta
tion
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.5
By
2010
, im
prov
ed c
apac
ity o
f
enfo
rcem
ent
staf
f an
d th
e
judi
ciar
y in
pol
icy
leve
l
impl
emen
tatio
n on
wild
life
trad
e lik
e C
ITE
S,
NP
WC
Act
TA
RG
ET
7
To
enha
nce
law
enf
orce
men
t an
d
othe
r m
easu
res
to e
ncou
rage
com
plia
nce
with
law
s an
d re
gula
tions
that
are
aim
ed a
t el
imin
atin
g
over
expl
oita
tion
of p
rior
ity s
peci
es
and
spec
ies
of s
peci
al c
once
rn b
y
2011
73
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
156,2
50
112,5
00
15,0
00
156,2
50
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.6
By
2007
, co
nser
vatio
n ac
tion
plan
for
tig
ers
upda
ted
and
impl
emen
ted
in T
AL-
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S
4.7
By
2006
, co
nser
vatio
n ac
tion
plan
for
ele
phan
ts i
n T
AL-
Nep
al p
repa
red
and
imple
mente
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S
4.8
By
2009
, a
red
pand
a
cons
erva
tion
actio
n pl
an
deve
lope
d in
SH
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
S4.9
By
2009
, T
rans
boun
dary
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
the
gove
rnm
ents
of
Nep
al
Indi
a
and
Chi
na e
nhan
ced
for
bio
div
ers
ity c
onse
rvatio
n
� R
evis
ing/
Deve
lopin
g
appr
opri
ate
Pol
icy
fra
me
wo
rks
� P
rom
otin
g T
rans
-
boun
dary
coo
rdin
atio
n
and
coop
erat
ion
Spe
cies
Act
ion
Pla
ns
Num
ber
of t
rans
boun
dary
mee
tings
and
eve
nts
at
field
, di
strict
and
nat
iona
l
leve
ls
By
2009
, ac
tion
plan
for
at l
east
3 k
ey
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
of
spec
ial
conc
ern
prep
ared
and
imple
mente
d
By
2010
, Jo
int
initi
ativ
es i
n th
e
boar
der
regi
on t
o
safe
guar
d bi
odiv
eris
ty
initi
ate
d
74
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SIN
DIC
AT
OR
SS
OU
RC
E O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
ST
RA
TE
GIE
SR
ES
OU
RC
ES
(U
SD
)
OB
JEC
TIV
E 3
: B
y 20
11,
to r
educ
e th
e vu
lner
abili
ties
of b
iodi
vers
ity,
ecos
yste
ms
and
peop
le t
o cl
imat
e ch
ange
im
pact
s in
N
epal
and
to
impl
em
ent
adap
tatio
n st
rate
gies
5,7
21,0
00
455,0
00
120,0
00
100,0
00
50,0
00
50,0
00
15,0
00
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.1
By
2008
, P
erm
anen
t re
sear
ch
plot
s to
stu
dy c
limat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
on b
iodi
vers
ity
esta
blis
hed
in 3
eco
logi
cal
zon
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.2
By
2008
, T
ippi
ng p
oint
(tim
e
for
decl
ined
wat
er s
ourc
e) f
or
Gan
ga R
iver
Bas
in p
redi
cted
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
WW
F
India
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.3
By
2009
, V
alua
tion
of C
limat
e
chan
ge i
mpa
cts
on N
epal
i
econ
omy
(Agr
icul
ture
,
Tou
rism
, H
uman
Hea
lth)
con
du
cte
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.4
By
2010
, ce
ntra
lized
dat
a/
info
rmat
ion
base
d sy
stem
on
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
impa
cts
esta
blis
hed
at W
WF
Nep
al
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.5
By
2007
, a
natio
nal
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
polic
y fo
rmul
ated
with
supp
ort
of W
WF
Nep
al a
nd
endo
rsed
by
Gov
ernm
ent
of
Nepal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.6
By
2007
, C
limat
e C
hang
e
iden
tifie
d as
an
impo
rtan
t
issu
es i
n th
e 11
th P
lan
of t
he
go
vern
me
nt
� C
ondu
ctin
g an
d
cons
olid
atin
g cl
imat
e
chan
ge i
mpa
ct
rese
arch
and
dat
a
� U
sing
res
earc
h
findi
ngs
for
effe
ctiv
e
natio
nal
and
inte
rnat
iona
l
negotia
tions
� E
stab
lishi
ng a
nd
stre
ngth
enin
g m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
foru
m t
o
advo
cate
for
pol
icy
reco
mm
enda
tion
and
shar
ing
data
/
info
rmatio
n
Dat
a ba
se,
repo
rts
and
oth
er
docu
ments
deve
loped.
Nat
iona
l C
limat
e C
hang
e
Polic
y D
ocu
ment.
Min
utes
of
the
For
um
Me
eti
ng
s
By
2011
com
pren
sive
data
/info
rmat
ion
base
on c
limat
e ch
ange
impa
ct o
n bi
odiv
ersi
ty,
ecos
yste
m a
nd p
eopl
e
esta
blis
hed
for
Nep
al.
By
2007
Nat
iona
l le
vel
clim
ate
chan
ge p
olic
y
form
ulat
ed b
ased
on
exis
ting
data
and
ongo
ing
rese
ach
&
consu
ltanta
tion
By
2010
, S
tren
gthe
n-
ing
mul
tista
keho
lder
foru
m (
CC
NN
and
Cor
e G
roup
for
Clim
ate
Cha
nge)
to
shar
e l
esso
n le
arnt
,
and
advo
cate
for
polic
y re
com
menda-
tio
ns
TA
RG
ET
8
To
have
a c
lear
und
erst
andi
ng o
f
clim
ate
chan
ge i
mpa
cts
on
biod
iver
sity
(ke
y flo
ra a
nd f
auna
),
ecos
yste
m (
fore
st,
wat
er t
ower
s) a
nd
peop
le (
livel
ihoo
d, t
ouri
sm,
disa
ster
,
food
sec
urity
(ag
ricu
lture
) of
Nep
al
by 2
011
75
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
35,0
00
50,0
00
50,0
00
75,0
00
50,0
00
80,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, 5
site
lev
el
adap
tatio
n pl
ans
deve
lope
d in
lin
e w
ith
the
natio
nal
leve
l
adap
tatio
n pl
an f
or
Nepal
By
2010
, 10
00
hous
ehol
ds'
livel
ihoo
ds
mad
e se
cure
fro
m
clim
ate
chan
ge
imp
act
.
Ada
ptat
ion
Pla
ns
House
hold
surv
eys
,
Att
itudi
nal
Sur
veys
Clim
ate
Witness
� S
uppo
rtin
g
form
ulat
ion
of
Nat
iona
l Le
vel
Ada
ptat
ion
Str
ateg
y
� I
dent
ifyin
g C
limat
e
Cha
nge
vuln
erab
le
site
s
� I
mpl
emen
ting
resi
lienc
e bu
ildin
g
activ
ities
in
vuln
erab
le s
ites
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C1.7
By
2009
at
leas
t tw
o po
licy
reco
mm
enda
tions
are
mad
e
by t
he m
ultis
take
hold
ers
foru
m i
n th
e P
olic
y F
orm
ula-
tion
proc
ess
of o
ther
rel
even
t
sect
ors
(For
est,
A
gric
ultu
re,
Dis
ast
er,
Wate
r)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
1.8
By
2009
at
leas
t tw
o re
sear
ch
proj
ects
on
clim
ate
chan
ge
are
unde
r jo
int
impl
emen
tatio
n
by i
nstit
utio
ns p
artic
ipat
ing
in
the
mul
tista
keho
lder
for
um.
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.1
By
2008
, N
atio
nal
leve
l
adap
atio
n pl
an p
repa
red
by
MO
ES
T w
ith s
uppo
rt o
f W
WF
Nepal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.2
By
2007
, 5
site
s vu
lner
able
to
impa
cts
of c
limat
e ch
ange
iden
tifie
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.3
By
2008
, S
ite l
evel
adap
atat
ion
plan
inc
orpo
ratin
g
the
resc
ue p
lan
for
iden
tifie
d 5
vuln
erab
le s
ite i
n lin
e w
ith
natio
nal
adap
tatio
n pl
an
prep
ared
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
2.4
By
2010
, A
t le
ast
one
gold
stan
dard
CD
M p
roje
ct
form
aliz
ed a
nd r
even
ue f
rom
carb
on t
radi
ng i
nves
ted
in
redu
cing
the
loc
al p
eopl
e's
vuln
erab
ilitie
s fr
om c
limat
e
change
TA
RG
ET
9
To
redu
ce d
irec
t C
limat
e C
hang
e
impa
ct a
nd v
ulne
rabi
litie
s of
1,0
00
hous
ehol
ds b
y 20
11
76
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
425,0
00
2,5
10,0
00
1,0
00,0
00
100,0
00
60,0
00
90,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, N
epal
tak
es
a le
ad a
mon
g th
e
Leas
t de
velo
ped
coun
trie
s (L
DC
s) t
o
from
an
Alli
ance
of
Vul
nera
ble
Cou
ntri
es
Alli
ance
of
Vul
nera
ble
countr
ies
� E
stab
lishi
ng
coor
dina
tion
plat
form
betw
een
vuln
erab
le
countr
ies
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
2.5
By
2009
, 5
Ear
ly w
arni
ng
syst
em b
ased
on
inte
rmed
iate
tech
nolo
gy e
stab
lishe
d in
vuln
erab
le s
ites
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.6
By
2010
, R
educ
ing
wat
er
leve
ls i
n 1
of t
he p
oten
tial
dang
erou
s G
laci
er L
ake
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.7
By
2010
, N
o re
gret
adapta
tion a
ctiv
itie
s (W
ell
equip
ped c
om
munity
build
ing
that
can s
erv
e a
s re
scue
shelte
r at
time o
f haza
rds)
esta
blis
hed
at 5
Vul
nera
ble
site
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C2.8
By
2010
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
impa
ct v
ulne
rabi
litie
s of
1,0
00
hous
ehol
ds r
educ
ed t
hrou
gh
resi
lienc
e bu
ildin
g ac
tiviti
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.1
By
2008
, a
regi
onal
pla
tfor
m
of a
t le
ast
4 vu
lner
able
coun
trie
s (T
uval
u, F
iji,
Indo
nesi
a an
d N
epal
)
esta
blis
hed
and
a co
mm
on
agen
da (
posi
tion
pape
r)
deve
lope
d fo
r in
tern
atio
nal
negotia
tion a
t U
NF
CC
C
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.2
By
2010
, C
oalit
ion
of
Mou
ntai
n co
untr
ies
form
ed t
o
high
light
vul
nera
bilit
ies
of
Mounta
in E
cosy
stem
at
inte
rnat
iona
l ne
gotia
tion
foru
ms
TA
RG
ET
10
To
iden
tify
Nep
al a
s on
e of
the
mos
t
vuln
erab
le c
ount
ries
to
clim
ate
chan
ge i
mpa
cts
by g
loba
l co
mm
uni-
ties
by 2
011
77
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
65,0
00
6,0
00
30,0
00
70,0
00
70,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, K
ey
go
vern
me
nt
inst
itutio
ns a
re a
ble
to
repr
esen
t N
epal
cred
ibly
(ra
ise
issu
es
of c
once
rn a
nd
advo
cate
with
conc
rete
and
upd
ated
info
rmat
ion)
in
inte
rnat
iona
l cl
imat
e
chan
ge n
egot
iatio
ns
By
2010
, G
loba
l
com
muniti
es
reco
gniz
e
the
clim
ate
chan
ge
pror
ity i
ssue
s of
Nep
al
thro
ugh e
ffect
ive
inte
rnat
iona
l
com
munic
atio
n a
nd
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g
pro
gra
ms
By
2010
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
issu
e is
mai
nstr
eam
ed i
nto
deve
lopm
ent,
educ
atio
n an
d m
edia
prio
ritie
s
Mee
ting
of P
artie
s
Pro
ceed
ings
, re
port
s
Med
ia c
over
age
Gove
rnm
ent
docu
ments
,
dono
r co
untr
y st
rate
gies
,
med
ia c
over
age
� S
uppo
rtin
g an
d
Str
ength
enin
g
Min
istr
y of
Env
iron
men
t S
cien
ce
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
and
rele
vant
civ
il so
ciet
y
orga
niza
tion
on
clim
ate
chan
ge
� E
nhan
cing
the
nego
tiatio
n ca
paci
ty
of t
he M
OE
ST
and
conce
rn g
ove
rnm
ent
and
civi
l so
ciet
y
org
aniz
atio
n
� S
tren
gthe
ning
com
mu
nic
ati
on
mea
ns f
or i
nter
na-
tiona
l au
dien
ce
� I
ncre
asin
g
awar
enes
s on
clim
ate
chan
ge i
ssue
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.3
By
2009
, go
vern
men
t
repr
esen
tativ
es f
rom
Nep
al
influ
ence
dec
lara
tion
of
Mee
ting
of p
artie
s/co
nfer
ence
of p
artie
s i
n fa
vour
of
the
vuln
erab
le c
ount
ries
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.4
By
2009
, th
resh
old
of s
econ
d
com
mitm
ent
peri
od i
ncre
ased
unde
r ky
oto
prot
ocol
as
a
resu
lt of
str
ong
lobb
y by
Nep
al a
nd i
ts a
llian
ce
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.5
By
2010
, N
epal
enl
iste
d in
the
UN
FC
CC
lis
t of
vul
nera
ble
countr
ies
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
3.6
By
2009
, 5
inte
rnat
iona
l m
edia
even
ts h
eld
to h
ighl
ight
the
clim
ate
chan
ge i
mpa
ct i
n
Nepal
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C3.7
By
2009
, G
loba
l C
omm
uniti
es
sens
itize
d on
Im
pact
s of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
thr
ough
annu
al c
limat
e w
itnes
s
pro
gra
ms
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C4.1
By
2008
, C
limat
e C
hang
e
issu
e in
corp
orat
ed i
n sc
hool
leve
l cu
rric
ulum
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C4.2
By
2010
, O
rgan
ize
trai
ning
and
form
net
wor
k fo
r 50
0
teac
hers
on
cond
uctin
g
clim
ate
chan
ge a
war
enes
s
rais
ing
activ
ities
in
scho
ols
of
Kat
hman
du a
nd P
roje
ct s
ites
TA
RG
ET
11
To
effe
ctiv
ely
com
mun
icat
e an
d bu
ild
awar
enes
s am
ong
vari
ous
Nat
iona
l
targ
et a
udie
nces
to
take
act
ion
in
redu
cing
im
pact
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge
in N
epal
by
2011
78
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
25,0
00
25,0
00
80,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
4.3
By
2010
, 5
Med
ia t
rips
for
natio
nal
med
ia a
t cl
imat
e
chan
ge i
mpa
ct s
ites
orga
nize
d
to i
nves
tigat
e an
d co
llect
clim
ate
witn
esse
s an
d th
eir
sto
rie
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C
4.3
By
2010
, 3
field
vis
it fo
r do
nor
agen
cies
to
clim
ate
chan
ge
impa
ct s
ites
orga
nize
d
MIL
ES
TO
NE
C4.4
By
2010
, C
ondu
ct 5
cam
paig
ns t
arge
ted
at y
outh
s
and
urba
n po
pula
tion
to r
aise
awar
enes
s on
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Impa
cts
and
diss
emin
atin
g ec
o tip
s to
redu
ce t
he t
hrea
ts
79
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SIN
DIC
AT
OR
SS
OU
RC
E O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
ST
RA
TE
GIE
SR
ES
OU
RC
ES
(U
SD
)
OB
JEC
TIV
E 4
: B
y 20
11,
to c
ham
pion
the
cau
se o
f co
nser
vatio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t of
fre
sh w
ater
res
ourc
es t
o m
aint
ain
thei
r in
tegr
ity/b
iodi
vers
ity a
nd b
ring
bene
fits
to t
he n
atio
n an
d lo
cal
com
mun
ities
4,3
52,9
07
73,1
25
5,0
00
174,3
75
15,0
00
22,5
00
1,2
35,2
50
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.1
By
2007
, pa
rtne
rshi
p st
rate
gy
for
cons
erva
tion
of
biod
iver
sity
and
eco
logi
cal
proc
ess
deve
lope
d fo
r K
oshi
rive
r ba
sin
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.2
By
2007
, Im
plem
enta
tion
leve
l
part
ners
hip
fost
ered
with
gove
rnm
ent
orga
niza
tion
and
like
min
ded
I/N
GO
s, C
BO
s fo
r
Kos
hi r
iver
bas
in
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.3
By
2011
,con
serv
ing
and
rest
orin
g th
e ec
olog
ical
proc
esse
s of
at
leas
t 3
criti
cal
site
s (h
imal
aya
- G
okyo
, m
id
hills
, te
rai)
in 1
riv
er b
asin
(Kos
hi)
to i
mpr
ove
fres
hwat
er
habi
tat
and
redu
ce t
he
vuln
erab
ility
of
dow
nstr
eam
com
mu
nit
ies
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.4
By
2009
, in
vent
ory
of a
t le
ast
15 H
AW
s pr
epar
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.5
By
2007
, da
taba
se o
n aq
uatic
bio
idve
rsity
ofw
etla
nds
(gho
dagh
odi
and
Ger
uwa)
esta
blis
hed
and
mon
itore
d
once
in
ever
y th
ree
year
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.6
By
2009
, G
ange
tic d
olph
ins
popu
latio
n an
d ha
bita
t
cons
erve
d th
roug
h rive
r ba
sin
man
agem
ent
in G
eruw
a
Kar
nali
river
and
ini
tiate
repl
icat
ion
in K
oshi
Tap
pu
� D
evel
opin
g m
ulti-
stake
hold
er
part
ners
hip
� P
ilotin
g of
IR
BM
� D
evel
opin
g
data
base
of
key
spec
ies
and
envi
ronm
enta
l
pro
cess
es
� M
anag
ing
the
habi
tat
of k
ey
spec
ies
and
envi
ronm
enta
l
pro
cess
es
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its
Win
ter
wat
er f
owl
coun
ts,
perc
eptio
n of
loc
al
com
mu
nit
ies,
Cen
sus
repo
rt,
field
vis
it,
mon
itoring
rep
ort,
tre
nds
of
sigh
ting,
loc
al i
nfor
mat
ion
By
2008
, pr
ojec
ts t
o
conse
rve b
iodiv
ers
ity
and
ecol
ogic
al
pro
cess
es
imple
-
men
ted
in p
artn
ersh
ip
with
oth
er s
take
hold
-
ers
By
2011
, P
ilotin
g of
the
Inte
grat
ed r
iver
basi
n m
anag
emen
t
appr
oach
in
Kos
hi r
iver
basi
n
By
2010
the
pop
ulat
ion
of m
igra
tory
birds
visi
ting
key
wet
land
s
incr
ease
s or
is
mai
ntai
ned
at b
aslin
es
of 2
006
By
2010
Dol
phin
popu
latio
n in
one
riv
er
syst
em m
aint
aine
d to
leve
ls o
f 20
05
TA
RG
ET
12
To
ensu
re h
ealth
y en
viro
nmen
tal
proc
esse
s in
at l
east
3 w
etla
nds
and
initi
ate
in 1
rive
r ba
sin
by 2
011
80
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
35,0
00
39,3
75
46,2
50
10,0
00
22,5
00
75,8
75
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
wat
er q
ualit
y
of f
resh
wat
er
(wet
land
s an
d rive
r
basi
n) s
ites
does
not
dete
rior
ate
from
the
basl
ine
of 2
006
By
2008
, pr
ovis
on o
f
bio
div
ers
ity c
onse
rva-
tion
inco
rpor
ated
in
wat
er r
elat
ed p
olic
ies
By
2010
Gov
ernm
ent
uses
IR
BM
as
a m
ajor
tool
in
key
natio
nal
wat
er r
elat
ed p
lans
By
2010
, D
NP
WC
with
the
supp
ort
of W
WF
prop
oses
for
the
desi
gnat
ion
of a
t le
ast
3 H
AW
s as
Ram
sar
site
s
Wat
er q
ualit
y re
port
s, k
ey
info
rman
t in
terv
iew
, fie
ld
obse
rvatio
ns,
key
speci
es
surv
eys
(cr
oco
dile
popu
latio
n),
part
icip
ator
y
monito
ring
Revi
ew
docu
ment
Polic
y docu
ments
Ram
asar
Inf
orm
atio
n S
heet
� M
onito
ring
and
mai
ntai
ning
the
stat
us o
f pr
iori
ty
we
tla
nd
s
� R
evie
win
g w
ater
rela
ted
polic
ies
from
bio
div
ers
ity
pers
pect
ive
� P
ilotin
g of
IR
BM
� P
ropo
sing
Hig
h
Alti
tude
Wet
land
s as
Ram
sar
site
s
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
W1.7
By
2011
tra
ns-b
ound
ary
leve
l
colla
bora
tion
initi
ated
for
dolp
hin
cons
erva
tion
in
Ger
uwa
rive
r, K
hata
Cor
rido
r
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.8
By
2007
, da
taba
se o
n w
ater
qual
ity o
f pr
iority
wet
land
s
(gho
dagh
odi
and
goky
o) a
nd
river
bas
in (
Ger
uwa
river
)
est
ablis
hed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
1.9
By
2009
, in
terv
entio
ns t
o
cont
rol
the
poin
t an
d no
n po
int
sour
ce o
f fr
eshw
ater
pol
lutio
n
impl
emen
ted
with
the
invo
lvem
ent
of l
ocal
com
mun
ities
(G
eruw
a in
TA
L
and
in K
TM
)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
W2.1
By
2007
, w
ater
rel
ated
polic
ies
(hyd
ropo
wer
,
irriga
tion,
drink
ing
wat
er e
tc)
revi
ewed
fro
m b
iodi
vers
ity
pers
pect
ive
for
polic
y fe
ed
ba
ck
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
W2.2
By
2010
, P
olic
y do
cum
ent
for
river
bas
in m
anag
emen
t
prep
ared
in
the
lead
ersh
ip o
f
MoW
R/W
EC
S a
nd w
ider
stak
ehol
ders
MIL
ES
TO
NE
F
W2.3
By
2008
, su
ppor
t th
e
gove
rnm
ent
for
prop
osin
g at
leas
t 4
high
mou
ntai
n w
etla
nd
as R
amsa
r si
tes
desi
gnat
ion
and
Gok
yo a
s G
ift t
o th
e E
arth
TA
RG
ET
13
To
prom
ote
at l
east
2 g
over
nmen
t
polic
ies
(Wet
land
pol
icy
and
IRB
M)
to
safe
guar
d fr
eshw
ater
res
ourc
es a
nd
redu
ce p
over
ty f
or d
epen
dent
com
mun
ities
by
2011
81
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
3,0
00
10,0
00
174,3
75
112,5
00
276,5
31
1,2
94,8
76
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
,
Tra
nsb
oundary
coop
erat
ion
on p
olic
y
dial
ouge
on
dam
s
enhance
d
By
2010
Key
gove
rnm
ent
inst
itutio
ns
are
able
to
repr
esen
t
Nep
al c
redi
bly
(rai
se
issu
es o
f co
ncer
n an
d
advo
cate
with
con
cret
e
and
upda
ted
info
rmat
ion)
in
reg
iona
l
and
natio
nal
foru
m o
n
IRB
M i
ssue
s
By
2010
WW
F N
epal
repr
esen
ted
in k
ey
wat
er r
elat
ed p
olic
y
engagem
ents
By
2010
, 3
prio
rity
wet
land
s (a
t le
ast
2
Ram
sar)
und
er
eff
ect
ive c
om
munity
man
agem
ent
thr
ough
wis
e us
e ap
proa
ch
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its,
pres
s re
port
s
Pro
ceed
ings
of
inte
rnat
iona
l
nego
tiatio
ns,
pres
s re
port
s
Pol
icy
docu
men
ts,
Mee
ting
min
ute
s
annu
al r
epor
ts,
field
vis
its
� P
rom
otin
g po
licy
dial
ogue
on
dam
s
natio
nally
and
at
tran
sbou
ndar
y le
vel
� B
uild
ing
capa
city
of
repre
senta
tives
from
gove
rnm
ent
line
agenci
es
� S
tren
gthe
ning
part
icip
atio
n an
d
inst
itutio
nal
coord
inatio
n
� P
rom
otin
g
com
mu
nit
y
man
agem
ent
and
wis
e us
e of
wet
land
s
� P
rom
otin
g
livel
ihoo
d be
nefit
s to
loca
l co
mm
uniti
es
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
2.4
By
2008
, es
tabl
ish
stra
tegi
c
part
ners
hip
with
Dam
s an
d
Dev
elop
men
t fo
r lo
bbyi
ng n
o
dam
s or
goo
d da
ms
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
2.5
By
2010
, C
oord
inat
e w
ith
WW
F I
ndia
and
WW
F
Net
wor
k fo
r tr
ansb
ound
ary
coop
erat
ion
on d
olph
in
cons
erva
tion
in K
arna
li rive
r
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
2.6
By
2010
rel
evan
t go
vern
men
t
inst
itutio
ns a
re c
apab
le o
f
putt
ing
issu
es o
f N
epal
's
inte
rest
in
regi
onal
and
glo
bal
wat
er r
elat
ed f
orum
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
2.7
By
2011
, in
crea
sed
supp
ort
and
part
icip
atio
n in
fre
shw
ater
cons
erva
tion
and
man
age-
men
t, t
hrou
gh c
apac
ity b
uild
ing
and
info
rmat
ion
shar
ing
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
3.1
By
2009
, 14
,566
hec
tare
Ram
sar
site
man
aged
by
loca
l
com
mun
ities
fol
low
ing
wis
e
use
appr
oach
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
3.2
By
2010,
3,0
00 o
f poor
and
ma
rgin
aliz
ed
we
tla
nd
de
pe
nd
en
t h
ou
seh
old
s
live
liho
od
im
pro
ved
th
rou
gh
wis
e u
se a
pp
roa
ch o
f th
e
we
tla
nd
s
TA
RG
ET
14
To
prot
ect
and
sust
aina
bly
man
age
14,5
66 h
ecta
res
of r
epre
sent
ativ
e
wet
land
s by
201
1
82
WWF NEPAL
STRATEGIC PLAN
(2006-2011)
AC
TIO
N P
LAN
(In
terv
entio
n Lo
gic)
534,3
75
21,0
00
93,0
00
20,0
00
59,0
00
RE
SO
UR
CE
S (
US
D)
MIL
ES
TO
NE
SS
TR
AT
EG
IES
SO
UR
CE
OF
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NIN
DIC
AT
OR
S
By
2010
, lo
cal
peop
les
part
icip
atio
n in
wet
land
cons
erva
tion
incr
ease
d
as a
res
ult
of
incr
ease
d aw
aren
ess
By
2009
, st
udie
s on
use
of p
estic
ides
and
fert
ilize
rs i
n ag
ricu
lture
and
thei
r im
pact
in
the
envi
ronm
ent
con
du
cte
d
By
2009
, at
lea
st 2
com
mun
ities
in
the
proj
ect
area
s ad
opt
eco
-fri
endly
tech
nolo
gies
lik
e
orga
nic
farm
ing,
verm
ipost
ing
By
2009
, in
crea
sed
unde
rsta
ndin
g am
ong
the
targ
eted
aud
ienc
es
on t
he i
mpa
cts
of
toxi
cs a
nd p
ollu
tant
s
to t
he b
iodi
vers
ity
Foc
us g
roup
dis
cuss
ion,
field
obs
erva
tions
, fie
ld
report
s
Stu
dy r
epor
ts
tech
nica
l re
port
s, f
ield
visi
ts
tech
nica
l re
port
s
� R
aisi
ng a
war
enes
s
at v
ario
us l
evel
s
� K
now
ledg
e ba
se
enha
ncem
ent
on
impact
s fr
om
Toxi
cs/
Pol
luta
nts
and
less
ons
lear
nt l
eadi
ng
tow
ard
s deve
lopm
ent
of a
ltern
ativ
e
tech
nolo
gie
s
� P
rom
otio
n of
Tra
ditio
nal
prac
tices
com
bine
d w
ith
mod
ern
eco
frie
ndly
tech
nolo
gies
in
agri
cultu
ral
sect
ors
� M
ultip
le S
take
-
hold
er s
ensi
tizat
ion,
Aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
and
educ
atio
n
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
3.3
By
2011
, st
reng
then
ed
awar
enes
s an
d kn
owle
dge
on
key
issu
es o
f w
etla
nd a
nd
fres
hwat
er i
ndic
ator
spe
cies
(dol
phin
) co
nser
vatio
n
resu
lting
in
posi
tive
chan
ge i
n
attit
ude
and
valu
es o
f ke
y
stake
hold
ers
.
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
4.1
By
2008
, P
estic
ide
leve
ls
used
in
agric
ultu
re i
n 2
site
s
of T
AL
and
its i
mpa
ct o
n th
e
bio
div
ers
ity a
ssess
ed
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
4.2
By
2009
, O
rgan
ic f
arm
ing
and
othe
r ec
o fr
iend
ly t
echn
olog
ies
in a
gric
ultu
re i
s pi
lote
d in
at
leas
t 2
site
s in
TA
L
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
4.3
By
2008
, ca
mpa
ign
agai
nst
over
use
of
fert
ilize
rs a
nd
pest
icid
es l
aunc
hed
at 2
site
s
in T
AL
MIL
ES
TO
NE
FW
4.4
By
2009
cam
paig
n on
envi
ronm
enta
l co
nser
vatio
n
desi
gned
and
lau
nche
d in
Kat
hman
du
TA
RG
ET
15
To
redu
ce t
he t
hrea
ts t
o bi
odiv
ersi
ty
in c
ritic
al a
reas
of
Ter
ai A
rc
Land
scap
e fr
om h
azar
dous
che
mic
als
espe
cial
ly t
hose
use
d in
agr
icul
ture
and
iden
tify
safe
r al
tern
ativ
es w
here
poss
ible
WWF NepalProgram OfficeP.O. Box 7660Baluwatar, KathmanduNepal
Tel: 977 1 4410942/4434820/4434970Fax: 977 1 4438458E-mail: [email protected]: www.wwfnepal.org
WWF’s Mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environmentand to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature by:� Conserving the world’s biological diversity;� Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable; and� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption
1986 P
anda symbol W
WF
- World W
ide Fund F
or Nature (F
ormerly W
orld Wildlife F
und) "W
WF
and "Living Planet" are R
egistered Tradem
arks
WW
F
NE
PA
L S
trategic Pla
n 2
00
6-
20
11
for a living planet ®
for a living planet ®
W W F N E P A L
Strategic Plan2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 1