Download - Storing Energy from the Sun: Photosynthesis
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Storing Energy from the Sun: Photosynthesis
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Plant ImpostorsIn The News
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Photosynthesis • Process that
captures energy from the sun
• Energy stored in carbohydrates
• Oxygen is byproduct
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Sunlight• Electromagnetic energy (radiation)• Packets of energy (photons)• Range of wavelengths
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Plant Pigments• Found in chloroplasts• Absorb some visible wavelengths
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Plant Pigments• Carotenoids – absorb photons of green,
blue & violet wavelengths• Chlorophylls – absorb photons of red &
violet-blue wavelengths
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Autotrophs• Produce their own food
– Photosynthesis – Chemosynthesis
Cyanobacteria
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Photosynthetic Autotrophs• Solar energy powers glucose synthesis• Uses
– Carbon dioxide– Water– Captured energy
• Produces – Glucose– Oxygen
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Heterotrophs • Consume other organisms• Cannot produce their own food• Food ultimately comes from autotrophs
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Cellular Respiration• Process that unlocks stored energy
– Nutrient molecules store energy in bonds
– Chemical reactions produce ATP– ATP provides cellular energy
Skunk cabbage using metabolic heat to melt snow
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration• Oxygen
dependent• Byproducts
– Raw materials for photosynthesis
– Carbon dioxide– Water
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Carbohydrates
• Photosynthetic stored energy product
6CO2 + 6H2O C2H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water with energy yields glucose + oxygen
energy
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Chemical Reactions for Photosynthesis
• Light dependent reactions• Light independent reactions
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Light Dependent Reactions• ATP & NADPH formed
– NADPH • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate• An electron carrier
– Molecules store energy from sun
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Electron Carrier• Transfer from one molecule to another• Produce molecules that carry energy
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Light Independent Reactions• Provides for formation of glucose• Uses ATP & NADPH• No direct light involvement
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Chloroplasts• Organelles
• Site of photosynthesis
• Light dependent reactions on membrane
• Light independent reactions in fluid
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Chloroplasts• Probably evolved from symbiotic bacteria• Thylakoids = internal membranes• Grana = stacks of thylacoids• Stroma = fluid around thylakoid
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Summary of Photosynthesis• Light dependent reactions change energy
from Sun into chemical energy
• Energy is held in ATP & NADPH
• Chemical energy from ATP & NADPH is transferred to sugars
• Sugars used to fuel activities of life
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Reactions to Store Energy• Pigment molecules funnel energy to
chlorophyll
• Two stage photosystem to carry out light dependent reactions
• Photosystems work together to harvest energy
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Pigment Molecules• On thylakoid membranes• Chlorophyl (chlorophyl a)• Capture & funnel photon energy
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Photosystems • Electrons boosted to higher level
• Photosystem I– Energy transferred to P700 molecule
• Photosystem II– Energy transferred to P680 molecule
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Electron Flow in Photosynthesis
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Electron Flow in Light-Dependent Reactions
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Carbohydrate Production: Light-Independent Reactions
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