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(Stigmergic) Network SocietyFrom rigid hierarchies to decentralized networks
Matan Field BACKFEED
Network Society congress, October 2015
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Large-scale (self) coordination
Vision
Observation
Means
Examples
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The vision:Networks without Incs
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Observation: StigmergyIndirect, spontaneous coordination
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5/19/2015 Stigmergy - Wikipedia, the free encycloped
Ants paths build from pheromonetraces
StigmergyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination betweenagents or actions.[1] The principle is that the trace left in theenvironment by an action stimulates the performance of a nextaction, by the same or a different agent. In that way, subsequentactions tend to reinforce and build on each other, leading to thespontaneous emergence of coherent, apparently systematicactivity.
Stigmergy is a form of self-organization. It produces complex,seemingly intelligent structures, without need for any planning,control, or even direct communication between the agents. Assuch it supports efficient collaboration between extremely simpleagents, who lack any memory, intelligence or even individual awareness of each other.[1]
Contents
1 History2 Stigmergic behavior in lower organisms3 Stigmergic behavior in social movements4 Stigmergy Society5 Applications6 See also7 References8 External links
History
The term "stigmergy" was introduced by French biologist Pierre-Paul Grassé in 1959 to refer to termitebehavior. He defined it as: "Stimulation of workers by the performance they have achieved." It isderived from the Greek words στίγμα stigma "mark, sign" and ἔργον ergon "work, action", andcaptures the notion that an agent’s actions leave signs in the environment, signs that it and other agentssense and that determine and incite their subsequent actions.[2]
Later on, a distinction was made between the stigmergic phenomenon, which is specific to the guidanceof additional work, and the more general, non-work specific incitation, for which the term sematectoniccommunication was coined[3] by E. O. Wilson, from the Greek words σῆμα sema "sign, token", andτέκτων tecton "craftsman, builder": "There is a need for a more general, somewhat less clumsyexpression to denote the evocation of any form of behavior or physiological change by the evidences ofwork performed by other animals, including the special case of the guidance of additional work."
Stigmergy is now one of the key[4] concepts in the field of swarm intelligence.
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Stigmergy Indirect, spontaneous coordination
Agents emit signals
Agents decisions are biased by those signals
Bias is “designed” to induce synchronicity of actions
No agent has control of anything
Unstable to self-aware, exploiting agents (semi-resilience)
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Ants algorithmOptimal minimal-path finder
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Stigmergy in Nature
• The only large-scale coordination in nature
• Fits well very simple (algorithmic) agents
• No need for incentive or trust
• Cooperation is (almost) the winning strategy
• Unstable to self-aware agents
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Evolution of human large-scale coordination
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Evolution
Centralized
Federated
Distributed, local
Distributed, global
Information
Value
Governance
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Rigid coordination Centralized: hierarchical governance, kingdoms
Linear process of information
Rapid decisions in static conditions
Highly vulnerable to rapid changes & critical mistakes
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Federated coordination Semi-distributed: democracy, the Internet
Semi-parallel
Sensitive to corruption
Still not adopting fast enough
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Market (p2p) coordination Subjective distribution: pure capitalism
Local optimization (no global coordination)
Driving competition, twists and severe inequalities
Non-sustainable: rolling over the cliff
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Stigmergic coordination Inter-subjective distribution: DCO
Decentralization
Scalability
Resilience
Macro-diversity
Micro-homogeneity
Incentive: Cooperation is the winning strategy
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Cooperation is the winning strategy
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Means
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Distributed Hash Table (DHT)Distributed protocol for file (information) sharing
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Distributed Hash Table (DHT)BitTorrent, IPFS, Synereo, …
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The BlockchainA distributed, consensus protocol (based only on “algorithmically verifiable input”)
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The BlockchainA distributed computer
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BACKFEED protocolA distriburted, consensus protocol based on human input
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BACKFEED protocol
P2P evaluation mechanics
Decentralized reputation system
Decentralized value-distribution system
Incentive model for (early) cooperation(makes collaboration the winning strategy)
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BACKFEED protocolDNA for Decentralized Collaborative Organisations
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BACKFEED protocolDNA for Distributed Network Society
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The blockchain stack
DHT
Blockchain
Backfeed protocol
Collaborative platform
Visual Browser
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BLOCKCHAIN STACKINTERNET STACK
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Evaluation protocol, Reputation and Token distribution
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TOKEN DISTRIBUTION
Each evaluation is made of 3 key elements:
• Evaluation (in tokens) of the contribution under evaluation
• Reputation of the evaluator that determines the weight of her vote
• Reputation at stake, as a fraction of the evaluator’s reputation
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TOKEN DISTRIBUTION
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REPUTATION SYSTEM
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What the tokens are for?
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ExamplesDecentralized Ride-Sharing
Decentralized Journalism / Media
Decentralized Insurance
Decentralized Makers / Startups
Decentralize VC
Decentralized Environmental Movement
Decentralized Social Network
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BACKFEED Team
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control nothing