![Page 1: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Step 1
• Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)
![Page 2: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ray Diagrams
for reflections in a plane mirror
![Page 3: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Step 2
• Draw a line from point A that is perpendicular to the mirror
![Page 4: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Step 3• Draw an incident ray
(starting at point A)• Draw a “normal” where
the incident ray hits the mirror
• Use a protractor to draw a reflecting ray
(Remember that i = r )
![Page 5: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Step 4
• Extend line A to point Ai (equidistant from point A on the other side of the mirror)
• Connect point Ai to your reflection ray
![Page 6: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Step 5
• Repeat steps 2-4 for Point B
![Page 7: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Try it!
![Page 8: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Reflection Characteristics
Type
Size
Attitude (a.k.a. Orientation)
Real Virtual
Enlarged
Reduced
Same
Upright
Laterally Inverted
Inverted
Location
Same side
Opposite side
At a particular point (i.e. at C, f<di<2f, etc.)
![Page 9: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Type• Real - image appears in front of the mirror
(could be projected onto a screen)
• Virtual - image appears behind the mirror
![Page 10: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Size
a) Enlarged - image is larger than the object
b) Reduced - image is smaller than the object
c) Same - image is the same size as the object
a)
b)
c)
![Page 11: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Attitude
a) Upright - image is right-side up
b) Inverted - image is upside-down
c) Laterally Inverted - image is flipped horizontally
a)
b)
c)
![Page 12: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Location
• Image is located on the same side of the mirror
• Image is located on the opposite side of the mirror
• Image can also be located at a specific point (e.g. at centre of curvature, f<di<2f, etc.)– Note: image location will always be
di=do for plane mirrors
![Page 13: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Curved Mirrors
![Page 14: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Concave Convex
“converging” mirror “diverging” mirror
![Page 15: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Concave Mirrors
![Page 16: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Concave Mirrors
![Page 17: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TerminologyFocal Point (F) - where the light rays meet
Vertex - the middle point of a curved mirror
Focal Length (f) - the distance from the focal point to the vertex
vertex
fprincipal axis
![Page 18: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Concave Mirror Ray Diagrams
Ray 1 - travels parallel to the principal axis and reflects through the focal point (F)
![Page 19: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Concave Mirror Ray Diagrams
Ray 2 - travels through the focal point and reflects parallel to the principal axis
![Page 20: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Concave Mirror Ray Diagrams
The point where the two reflected rays converge will be the location of the image
![Page 21: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Concave Mirror Ray Diagrams
• A third ray (shown in red) should be drawn as a “check”
• This can only be used if the Centre of Curvature (“C”) is present in the diagram – which is usually 2X focal length.
![Page 22: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
You try!
• Turn your notes over• There are 5 “cases”
![Page 23: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Concave Mirror Reflections5 Cases1. Object is greater than 2 focal lengths from
the mirror (do>2f) – note: 2f = C2. Object is at 2 focal lengths/Centre of
Curvature (2f/C)3. Object is between 1 and 2 focal lengths
from the mirror (f<do<2f)
4. Object is at the focal point (do=f)5. Object is between the mirror and the focal
point (V<do<f)
![Page 24: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Case 1: Object beyond 2f/C
Type Size Attitude
Real Reduced
Inverted
![Page 25: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Case 2: Object at 2f/C
Type Size Attitude
Real Same Inverted
![Page 26: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Case 3: Object between 2f and F
Type Size Attitude
Real Enlarged
Inverted
![Page 27: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Case 4: Object at F
Type Size Attitude
No Image Formed!
![Page 28: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Case 5: Object between F and V
Type Size Attitude
Virtual Enlarged
Upright
![Page 29: Step 1 Identify the top and the bottom of the object (label these “A” and “B”)](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0e5503460f949e3f0c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Handout p.429“Drawing Ray Diagrams for
Concave and Convex Mirrors”