Status quo of buildings:Data status and first indicator results
Julian StengelKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
23.10.2012 - Brussels
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Outline
Data status for buildings Clusters of retrofit measures Calculated CONCERTO indicators
(focus on refurbishments) Environmental indicators Economic indicators Eco-environmental indicators
Result tables Refurbished buildings New buildings
Up-scaling to building stock Challenges Summary & outlook
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Data status for buildings
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Clusters of retrofit measures
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Cluster ID
Share of
buildings
Applied building features in case of refurbishments
Thermal insulation of outside
walls
Replacement of
windows
Thermal insulation of roof or
upper slab
Replacement of
heating system
Insulation
Measures aiming at reducing
electricity use
Modifications in the
layout and size
of the flat
Optimized
lighting / daylight system
Mechanical
ventilation with heat
recovery
Thermal insulation
of basement
1 43% 100% 100% 100% 100% - - 13% 2% -
2 5% 100% 100% 100% 79% 92% 100% 13% 8% 13% -
3 8% 11% 5% 5% - 100% 73% - 22% -
4 24% 100% 100% 100% - - 2% 13% 3% 4% 2%
5 5% 100% 91% 100% 78% 96% 22% 30% 22% 39% 100%
6 5% - 4% - - - 11% - - 4% -
7 10% 98% 100% 86% 47% 100% - 4% 16% 12% -
Calculated indicators
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• Enviromental indicators– Final energy demand/consumption
– Primary energy demand/consumption
– Emissions (CO2, CO2-equ. SO2-equ., SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5)
• Economic indicators– Investments
– Grants
– Internal interest rate
– Net present value
– Dynamic payback period
• Eco-environmental indicators– Triggered investment per grant provided
– Abatement per grant (Final energy, primary energy, emissions)
– Abatement costs (Final energy, primary energy, emissions)
Environmental indicators - required data
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(A) Floor area(B) Energy flows – demand
(C) Energy flows– consumption
(F) Emission factors(G) Primary energy factorsFinal energy demand/consumption
[RB: 79%, 26%; NB: 73%, 21%]
Emissions[RB: 79%; NB: 56-69 %]
Primary energy demand/consumption [RB: 79% NB: 69%]
Demo object
Reference object(A-G)…
Reduction
Final energy demand/consumption [RB: 77%, 19%; NB: 67%, 21% ]
Emissions [RB: 77%; NB: 54-65 %])
Primary energy demand/consumption [RB: 77%; NB: 66%]
Final energy [RB: 78%, 41%; NB: 69%]
Emissions [RB: 78%; NB: 61-67%]
Primary energy [RB: 78%; NB: 67%]
RB: Refurbished Buildings, NB: New Buildings
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Environmental indicators – first results
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no im
prov
emen
t50%
impro
vement
80% improvement
Environmental indicators – first results
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demand = consu
mption
demand = consumption/2
demand = 2*consumption
Environmental indicators – first results
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Environmental indicators – first results
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Environmental indicators – first results
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Refurbished
buildings
Average reduction of total primary energy demand for space heating
Average reduction of CO2 emissions for space heating Number of buildings
Residential Municip
al Tertiary
Residential Municip
al Tertiary
Residential Municip
al Tertiary <180m² >=180m² <180m² >=180m² <180m² >=180m²
Austria - 69% 61% 81% - 75% 59% 80% - 5 5 19
Germany 81% 50% - - 80% 41% - - 1 21 - -
Ireland 62% 56% 57% 48% 63% 57% 57% 47% 258 96 4 7
Switzerland - 23% 12% 44% - 70% 66% 44% - 1 1 3
United Kindom - 44% - - - 46% - - - 1 - -
Environmental indicators – transparency
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Indicator metadataName Total primary energy demand reductionUnit kWh/(m² a)Value 65.3M1 – Floor area type Total gross floor area (external)M2 - Energy flow type Energy demand
M3 – Application areas Before: Electricity for space heating, Light oil for space heating - After: Electricity for space heating, Light oil for space heating
M5 – Emissions and renewable energy carriers considered
Solar, wind and geothermal final energy demand/consumption are excluded; in the up-stream chain each renewable energy carrier is included
M6 - System boundaries Building and energy carrier supply chainM7 - Electricity & district heating & cooling mix Before: National electricity mix. - After: National electricity mix. M8 – Reference object Building before refurbishment
Building metadataCountry GermanyCity/Municipality HannoverBuilding status Refurbished buildingBuilding name NA, HannoverCompletion date of building 01.06.1965Building type ResidentialHorizontal building Surfaces 1302 m² total gross floor area (external), 1106 m² total heated net room area (internal)
Applied energy servicesbefore: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water - after: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water
Applied building featuresbefore: other 1 (energy saving measures), after: thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows
Economic indicators – required data
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(D) Investment
(G) Energy prices
Internal interest rate
Reference object (A-G)…
Investment [RB: 66%; NB: 23%]
Grants[RB: 66%; NB: 24%]
(E) Grants
Net present value [RB: 64%; NB: 3%]
Dynamic payback period [RB: 51%; NB: 2%]
Final energydemand/consumption
(A) Floor area
Demo object
Investment [RB: NA; NB: 10%]
Grants[RB: NA; NB: NA]
Economic indicators – first results
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(invoiced; incl. VAT)
Economic indicators – first results
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Economic indicators – first results
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Economic indicators – first results
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Eco-environmental indicators – required data
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Abatement per grant
Internal interest rate
Net present value
Dynamic payback period
(E) Grants(D) Investment Reduction
Final energy demand/consumption
Emissions
Primary energy demand/consumptionTriggered investment per grant [RB: 65%; NB: 9%]
Final energy [RB: 63%; NB: 21%]
Emissions [RB: 63%; NB: 19-21%]
Primary energy [RB: 63%; NB: 21%]
Abatement costs
Final energy [RB: 64%; NB: 3%]
Emissions [RB: 58-63%; NB: 2-3%]
Primary energy [RB: 64%; NB: 3%]
Eco-environmental indicators – first results
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Eco-environmental indicators – transparency
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Indicator metadataName Mitigation costs of emissions (economy)Unit €/tValue -69M2 - Energy flow type Energy demand
M3 – Application areas Before: Light oil for space heating [0,11 €/kWh], Electricity for space heating [0,22 €/kWh] - After: Light oil for space heating [0,11 €/kWh], Electricity for space heating [0,22 €/kWh]
M5 – Emissions and renewable energy carriers considered Direct & indirect: CO2
M6 – System boundaries Energy: Building and energy carrier supply chainM7 – Electricity & district heating & cooling mix Before: National electricity mix. - After: National electricity mix.
M8 – Reference object Building before refurbishment
M10 – Investments and grants considered Before: No investments considered. No grants are considered. - After: Investments: Full costs for measures - Price level: . Is invoiced. Incl. VAT. No grants are considered.
M11 – Energy carrier prices and external costs
Before: Energy prices for houeseholds incl. VAT and other taxes. - After: Energy prices for houeseholds incl. VAT and other taxes.
M12 – Economic key parameters Interest rate: 5%, planning horizon: 20 yearsM13 – Costs and revenues considered Before: requirement-related costs - After: capital-related costs, requirement-related costs
Building metadataCountry IrelandCity/Municipality North TipperaryBuilding status Refurbished buildingBuilding name Refurbished building 122Completion date of building Unknown
Building type ResidentialHorizontal building Surfaces 290,08 m² total gross floor area (external), 259 m² total heated net room area (internal)
Applied energy services before: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water(2) stove using Other 1 for space heating - after: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water(2) stove using Other 1 for space heating
Applied building featuresbefore: other 1 (energy saving measures), after: thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows, other 1 (energy saving measures), thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows
Residential buildings <180 m² >=180 m²
Non-residential buildings Municipal Tertiary (non municipal)
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Result tables – refurbished buildings
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating; #all >180 m²
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating; #all >180 m²
Residential buildings <180 m² >=180 m²
Non-residential buildings Municipal Tertiary (non municipal)
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Result tables – new buildings
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
1excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2incl. biomass; 3incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.
Up-scaling to building stock
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- Energy price increase- RES share increase
Energy costNational trends until 2050
CO2-emissions
CONCERTOdata
CO2 abatement cost
National data:-building stock-residential energy consumption
General data
Investment
Primary energy consumption
- Refurbishment rate- Demolition rate- New construction rate
Scenario-dependent data
Up-scaling - example results
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Challenges
Data quality Inhomogeneous data
Floor areas Energy flows
Decreasing data availability from environmental to economic indicators
Comparability between countries
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Summary & outlook
First results Transparency via meta-information for each value
Building metadata Indicator metadata
CONCERTO provides good basis for indicator representation in indicator-country-matrices for each building-type
These matrices enable up-scaling
Data bottlenecks (Refurbishments & New construction) Investments Energy consumption
Outlook Ongoing quality control for data Ongoing data collection Ongoing indicator calculation & assessment 34
Thank you
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Distribution of EU-floor area
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Challenges - comparability
Floor areas Application areas Final energy demand Investments Indication of data quality
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