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Starter
• Why can you smell the manure when it is being spread in fields miles away?
• Why can you smell perfume when a girl sprays it on herself from all the way across the room?
• What will happen when I drop food coloring into the flask at the front of the room?
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Starter
• Based off of your lab, why must cells be small?• How might temperature and size of molecules
effect diffusion across the membrane?• Essay: Using all of the animal cell organelles,
explain how they all work together to run as an efficient system.
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Starter
• Finish Lab• How does this lab illustrate the definition of
diffusion?
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The Cell Membrane
Movement Across
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Structure
• Phospholipid Bilayer– Phosphate Heads• Hydrophilic
– Fatty Acid Tails• Hydrophobic
– 2 layers, tail to tail– Embedded Proteins• Gets “things” in and out of the cell
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What has to get in and out?
• Molecules, ions and….WATER!– Water is always moving across the membrane– Movement of these substances helps cells to
maintain homeostasis• Stable internal environment regardless of external
conditions– Cell needs to be happy!
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Passive vs. Active Transport
• Passive– No energy needed– High Concentration
low concentration• Diffusion• Facilitated Diffusion• Osmosis
• Active– Energy is needed– Low concentration
High concentration• Transport protein pumps• Exocytosis• Endocytosis
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Diffusion
• Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration– Always think “high to low”• Air freshener• Cow Manure
• Depends on temperature and size of molecule diffusing– Fast – hot/small– Slow – cold/large
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Osmosis
• The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane– Semi-permeable – only certain molecules can pass
• Water moves across a membrane from high water concentration to an area of low water concentration– Goes to where there is more “stuff”
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Osmosis
• *****Water always moves to where there is more “stuff” (more concentrate)
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Concentration?
• The amount of a particular substance in a certain amount of another substance– Huh?• Orange Juice
– Concentrate vs. Jug– Which has more “stuff”
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Concentration
• Solution– Uniform mixture of two or more substances• Salt water
• Solute– Substance that is dissolved• Salt
• Solvent– Substance doing the dissolving• Water
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Solutions
• Hypertonic– More solute outside the cell• Water rushes out• Cell shrinks
• Hypotonic– More solute inside the cell• Water rushes in• Cell swells
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Solutions
• Isotonic– Same concentration of solutes/water inside and
outside of the cell• Water still moves in and out
– It is at the same rate!
• Cell stays the same
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Facilitated Diffusion
• Carrier proteins– Large and not liked by the fatty acid tails– Recognize specific molecules to bring into the cell– Must be the proper molecule to enter• Sugars