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Starbursts, Interacting Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs)
Evidence for close encounters, collisions & mergers
Eruptions and explosions -- radio galaxies
active galaxies, AGNs
quasars
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M82
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Galaxies in collision/interacting/mergers
The “Antennae”Computer simulation – interacting pair
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M51 – the Whirlpool and companion
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Evidence for mergers
Ring of active star formation
Distant Galaxies (large lookback times) – forming via mergers
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Sgr dwarf elliptical merging with Milky Way
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The Local Group -- Andromeda (M31) and Milky Way
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Active Galaxies
Strong radio sources
Radio galaxies -- jets of non-thermal radiation – two-lobed appearance due ejection at high energies
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Cygnus A
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Cen A – radio emission
Giant elliptical
M87
M87 – jet from nucleus
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Seyfert galaxies
Carl Seyfert 1943
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Seyfert galaxies – very luminous central nucleus
strong infrared and radio sources
Quasars – Quasi-stellar Object (QSOs)
Central source so luminous appears star-like
3C 273
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Some history
Twinkle, twinkle, quasi-star,Biggest puzzle from afar.How unlike the other ones,Brighter than a trillion Suns.Twinkle, twinkle, quasi-star, How I wonder what you are! - George Gamow
3C273
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The central engine for active galaxies, radio galaxies, quasars --
supermassive black holes