Download - Standards are good for business:
![Page 1: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Standards are good for business:Standardized Comparison and the Private Sector in Education
![Page 2: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Types of Privatization (Stephen J. Ball)
Endogenous Privatization
Borrowing private-sector concepts for the public sector: Choice Competition between
schools New managerialism Contract or outcomes-
based education Performance
management
Exogenous Privatization
Opening up public services to private-sector participation. That is, contracting private companies for designing managing delivering advising, evaluating, etc.public education.
![Page 3: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The PPP-Type under Investigation: Using Public Finance for Private Provision
ProvisionPrivate Public
Finance
Private • Private schools• Private
universities• Home schooling• Private tutoring
• User fees• Student loans
Public • Vouchers• Contract
schools• Charter schools• Contracting out
• Public schoos• Public universities
(H. A. Patrinos et al. 2012)
![Page 4: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Examples
Quatar (Rand Corporation) Indonesia (International Standard Schools) Mongolia (Cambridge Education Services) Punjab Education Fund & Entrepreneurship in
Education International Bacchalaureate
![Page 5: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
“Good for Business”: The Rising Middle Class … (Pearson CEO, John Fallon, February 25, 2013)
International Baccalaureate2008-2013
Programs
Oct 2008
Oct 2013
Increase
Primary Years
430 1,092 154%
Middle Years
545 1,022 88%
Diploma Program
1,675 2,457 47%
Total 2,650 4,571 73%
“Education Made in …” Britain: mode 1 of GATS
– UK education sale on products and services: £12.5 billion annually
Britain: mode 2 of GATS – consumption of UK goods and services by non-UK residents: £8.5 billion annually
Germany: modes 1 & 2, annual gain for the economy: €9.4 billion
![Page 6: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
The Legitimacy Problem or the Selling Points
International Business Economy of Scale
Cost-effectiveness of the “product” (impact evaluations)
Replicability/transferability with minor local adaptation
Demand-driven: international standards
National Government Impartiality (false dichotomy
between commercial versus political interests)
Cost-effectiveness (“schools/centers/programs of excellence”)
Spill-over effects
Alignment (in particular in developing countries)
![Page 7: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
The Backward Reform Process Pursued by International Business
Key Competencies/
Standards
Curriculum Framework
Teacher Education &
Development
Textbooks
Student Tests
![Page 8: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
The Economy of Scale
Every person (student, teacher) In every subject At critical stages of the educational system “life-long” everywhere
![Page 9: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
A Critique of the Aid Architecture Ownership Alignment Harmonization Results Mutual Accountability
Source: Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005)
![Page 10: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
What Went Right -> Best Practices -> International Standards
What Went Wrong ApproachLearning from Mistakes
What-Went-Right Approach Best Practices
Good Practices
Case StudiesIntrospection:
Learning from the Past (Mistakes)
Extraspection:Learning from Others,
“international standards”
![Page 11: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Case Selection inComparative Policy Studies
OutcomesSimilar Different
Systems
Similar
SS-SOSimilar Systems with
Similar Outomes
SS-DOSimilar Systems with Different
OutcomesDifferent
DS-SODifferent Systems
with Similar Outcomes
DS-DODifferent Systems
with Different Outcomes
![Page 12: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Case Selection:Examples
OutcomesSimilar Different
Systems
Similar
SS-SOIRRELEVANT
SS-DOTransatlantic
Transfer
Different
DS-SO“… even in Mongolia”
DS-DOWhat Ivan Knows that
Johnny Doesn’t
![Page 13: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Case Selection:Uses/Abuses
OutcomesSimilar Different
Systems
Similar SS-SO
IRRELEVANTSS-DO
WHAT-WENT-RIGHT
Different
DS-SOGLOBALIZATION
STUDIES
DS-DOCONTRASTIVE
ANALYSES
![Page 14: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Case Selection inthe What-Went-Right Approach
OutcomesDifferent
Systems
Similar SS-DO
POLICY LEARNING
![Page 15: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
The Non-Sensical: Manipulating the Case to Fit the Solution
Which global solutions for the local problems?
Which local problems for the global solutions?
Frank-Olaf Radtke (2008: footnote 14)
“Benchmarks or “best practices” provide solutions […], but which problems are they supposed to resolve?
![Page 16: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Policy Borrowing and Lending Research
The study of traveling reforms: what is exported (and how) and what does not get exported
Borrowing from elsewhere as political “coalition-builder”
Educational import as a programmatic conditionality for loans and grants from international agencies (“economics of borrowing”)
Who loses, who wins from importing international standards, reform packages, or international “products”
![Page 17: Standards are good for business:](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070500/56816856550346895dde740e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Contact Information
Gita Steiner-Khamsi
Teachers College,
Columbia University
in the City of New York
(Issyk Kul Oblast, Kyrgyzstan, 2006)