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S S 10
Filtration
Secretion
Reabsorption
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Test # 3 on Monday
Covers only Cardiovascular and Respiratory.
Some short answer questions and draw and label questions.
Lab next week: Urinalysis!
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1 Hrbefore LabEmpty bladder; note time
Beginning of Lab:Collect Urine, measure Volume and titrate [NaCl]
Drink Test Beverage in 5 minutes or less
At 30 min intervals, collect urinemeasure V and [NaCl]
30 min 30 min30 min30 min30 min
Drink plenty of water the day of lab;Avoid coffee, caffeine, salty foods
60 min
800 ml tap water or800 ml tap water + 7 g NaCl or 80 ml tap water + 7 g NaCl
Urinalysis Lab
During intervals, diagram the negative feedback loops.
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Renal Physiology
• Structures of the kidney• Four fundamental renal mechanisms
– Filtration– Reabsorption– Secretion– Metabolism
• Functions of the kidneys– Homeostasis
• Fluid balance (blood pressure)• Electrolyte balance (blood pressure, membrane excitability)• Acid-base balance (in concert with lungs)
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Special terms• Filtration: movement of fluid from blood into
the lumen of the nephron (renal tubule)
• Reabsorption: the movement of specific compounds from the tubular lumen back into the blood (peritubular capillaries)
• Secretion: the transport of specific compounds from blood into the tubular lumen
• Excretion: elimination from the body in urine
Glomerular Filtration Rate = 120 ml/ min
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Table 14.02
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Lab: Extra 800 ml intake!
Sidebar: some desert animals never drink and must obtain all their water in the diet.
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Table 14.04
Lab: Extra 7 g intake!
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Kidneys are source of 3 hormones: Renin, EPO, and Vit D.Kidneys are targets of 3 hormones: ADH, Aldosterone, ANH
Topics discussed: cortex, medulla, kidney stones, micturition (detrussor, internal and external urethra sphincters and innervation), incidence of bladder infections by gender, urethral sphincters
Tubular fluid vs urine
Nephron = tubule
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Renal artery = One way in. Two ways out of kidney (renal vein or ureter)
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Enlargedon nextpage
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Fig. 14.02a
Renalcorpuscle
Juxtamedullary and Cortical Nephrons
Peritubular Capillaraies and branch thereof called vasa recta
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A Portal System
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The nephron
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Fig. 14.03a
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Fig. 14.05Glomerular Filtration Rate is 120 ml/min = 180 L/day
Three stimuli for secretion of renin from JGC
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Figure 14.03Ultrafiltrate of plasma enters Bowman’s space
Composition same as plasma except no formed elements and no proteins and no substances bound to proteins
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Fig. 14.08
variable
Starling Forces
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Fig. 14.09
Ways to alter GFR
What happens during hemorrhage?
What substances can cause this constriction?
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Fig. 14.02a
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Figure 14.10
Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes.
reabsorption
S e c r e t i o n
metabolismAmino acid glucose
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Reabsorption and secretion in proximal tubule is NOT under hormonal control.Primary active transport of Na+ establishes a gradient for reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, etc.
Reabsorption and secretion in DCT & CCD is under hormonal control.Hormones that act here: ANH, ADH, Aldosterone.
Here, reabsorption of Na+ is linked to the secretion of K+.
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Effect of ADH: insertion of more aquaporins in th the membranes
Effect: Increase H2O reabsorption
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Figure 14.31Normally, all filtered bicarbonate is “reabsorbed”
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Figure 14.10
Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes.
reabsorption
secretionmetabolism
Amino acid glucose
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Filtration is controlled by aa and ea diameters!
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Consider a substance that in filtered only, no reabsorption, no secretion.
Excretion of this substance = GFRClearance of this substance = GFR
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• Clearance = volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed (cleared) by the kidneys per unit time.
• Clearance of Inulin is 120 ml/min
• Cinulin or Ccreatinine = Glomerular Filtration Rate
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Filtration + complete Secretion
Ex: Para AminoHippurate (PAH)
Measure Renal Plasma Flow
Filtration + partial reabsorption
Ex: SodiumEx: Water
Filtration + 100 Reabsorption
Ex: GlucoseEx: Amino Acids
Renal Handling of Substances
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• Clearance = volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed (cleared) by the kidneys per unit time.
• Clearance of Inulin is 120 ml/min
• Cinulin or Ccreatinine = Glomerular Filtration Rate
• If C x is greater than GFR ( which is Cinulin) then that substance undergoes NET TUBULAR SECRETION
• If C x is less than GFR ( which is Cinulin) then that substance undergoes NET TUBULAR REABSORPTION
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A little more on Clearance:
Clearance of glucose = 0 ml/min which means….
Clearance of X = 120 ml/min which means….
Clearance of antibiotic XXX = 500 ml/min which means…
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Calculating clearanceClearance of s = Urine concentration of s X Urine Volume
Plasma concentration of s
Special cases: Clearance of
•Inulin and creatinine (filtered only; use to measure Glomerular Filtration Rate.)
•Para Amino Hippurate (filtered and completelysecreted, use to measure Renal Plasma Flow)
“24 hour urine catch” + blood sample