Download - Spreadsheet for Year 8
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SPREADSHEETSSPREADSHEETS
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Electronic worksheet - any worksheet done by using a computer and a spreadsheet package.
E.g. Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel and Framework.
• It is an application that allows the user to enter numbers and text into a table with rows and columns and perform calculations on them.
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ADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEETADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEET
1. Easier to edit or change data.2. Formulae for calculation to be done automatically.3. There are built-in commands for calculating averages, totals
and so on.4. Different types of Charts can easily be created.5. It can be use to create documents just like a word
processor.6. It may have a database management facility to search data
quickly.
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Contents of the worksheet
The worksheet is made up of CELLS(A cell is a box in which we enter data, information and formulae)
These CELLS are arranged in ROWS and COLUMNS
ROWS
COLUMNS
Each CELL has a reference called the ADDRESS. The ADDRESS is given by a column letter and a row number. An Example is ‘B7’.
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EACH CELL MAY CONTAIN ANY OF THESE ITEMS
• Label (only ‘Text’).• Numbers.• Date/Time.• Formulae and Functions.
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LABEL
• There are the non-numeric entries into a worksheet.• It is usually begin with a letter.• The data will be left-justified.
A B C1 Geography Physics2 Masters3 Experts4 Geniuses
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NUMBERS
• It is usually starts with an arithmetic sign or a numerical digit in a worksheet.
• The data will be right-justified.
A B1 General 4 5002 General with decimal 4 500.003 Currency $ 4 500.004 Scientific 45E+03
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DATE / TIME
• You can enter the date and time using the usual conventions, as illustrated below:
Date entry Display08-01-2010 8/1/104 June 2010 4-Jun-1010:30 am 10:30 AM
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FORMULAE AND FUNCTIONS
• Formulae and functions are very useful as they allow for automatic calculation within the worksheets.
• For spreadsheet, we will consistently use ‘ =‘ (equal sign) to begin a formulae and functions.
• Arithmetic operations are expressed using: + for plus; - for minus; / for divide; and * for multiply.
• Brackets i.e ‘(‘ or ‘)’ can be used also.
FORMULAE FUNCTIONS=C3*D5 =SUM(C3:C8)
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FORMULAE AND FUNCTIONS
• Several functions operate on RANGE of cells. Example : SUM(...:...), AVERAGE(...:...), MAX(...:...), MIN(...:...), COUNT(…:...) and so on.
=SUM(C3:C8)
=AVERAGE(ES:E14)
=MIN(E5:E14)
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RANGE OF CELLS
• You can specify it by keying in the cell in the upper corner ‘:’ and the cell in the lower right corner.
The range selected is B3:D4
A range is a group or block of cells in a worksheet that have been selected or highlighted
A range is a group or block of cells in a worksheet that have been selected or highlighted
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Some of the commonly used functions are given in the following table:
The functions simplify formulae.
For example: instead of entering= A1 + A2 + B1 + B2 + C1 + C2, you could use a range function as =SUM(A1:C2)
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MOVING & COPYING CELLS
MOVING CELLS COPYING CELLS
1. Select the cell(s) to be moved.
1. Select the cell(s) to be copied.
2. Press Ctrl + X. 2. Press Ctrl + C.
3. Position your cell. 3. Position your cell.
4. Press Ctrl + V. 4. Press Ctrl + V.
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FORMAT TEXT – HOME MENU
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CHANGING COLUMN WIDTH AND HEIGHT
• If a cell is not side enough to display its item, then the display appears as ‘######’.• If this happens, you must widen the column so that the item is displayed properly.
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SORTING DATA
• Most spreadsheet allows you to arrange data in alphabetical order.
• Follow steps below:1. Select the required RANGE to be arranged.2. Then click at the DATA menu on top3. Choose SORT from the menu list4. A window for sorting will appear as below: Specify the required
COLUMN (e.g. name, salary etc.) to be sort either in ascending or descending order. Then click OK button on confirmation.
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CREATING CHARTS
1. Highlight the range of the cells.2. Click Insert menu3. Select chart type (e.g. Pie, Bar, Line).4. A selected chart on the selected data is created.