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Splash Screen
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Chapter Intro 1
North America Before Columbus
How did regional geography affect the development of Native American cultures?
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Section 1-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Geography and History Native American groups developed cultures based on the geography of the region in which they lived.
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Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• agricultural revolution
• tribute
• kiva
• pueblo
Academic Vocabulary
• decline
• technology
• eventually
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Section 1-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Beringia
• Mesoamerica
• Maya
• Aztec
• Cahokia
• Iroquois Confederacy
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A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you believe that influences from early cultures in the Americas still exist today?
A. Yes
B. No
A B
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Section 1
Mesoamerican Cultures
An agricultural revolution led to the first civilizations in Mesoamerica, whose people built large, elaborate cities.
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Section 1
• Mesoamerica is the region that today includes central and southern Mexico and Central America.
Mesoamerican Cultures (cont.)
• The agricultural revolution made possible the rise of Mesoamerica’s first civilizations.
Mesoamerica, 300 B.C.–A.D. 1500
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Section 1
• Important cultures:
– The Olmec:
Mesoamerican Cultures (cont.)
• Possibly the first people to develop a civilization in Mesoamerica
• Emerged between 1500 and 1200 B.C., near where Veracruz, Mexico, is located today
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Section 1
• Important cultures:
– The Maya:
Mesoamerican Cultures (cont.)
• This civilization emerged in the Yucatán Peninsula and expanded into what is now Central America and southern Mexico.
• The Maya culture thrived from A.D. 200 to A.D. 900.
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Section 1
• Important cultures:
– The Toltec:
Mesoamerican Cultures (cont.)
• North of the Maya civilization, the Toltec people built a large city called Tula.
• They fell to the Chichimec in A.D. 1200.
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Section 1
• Important cultures:
– The Aztec:
Mesoamerican Cultures (cont.)
• This culture created a mighty empire by conquering neighboring cities.
• They controlled trade in the region and demanded tribute.
• When the Europeans arrived in the 1500s, an estimated 5 million people were living under Aztec rule.
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B C D
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Which of the following cultures is known for their talents in engineering and mathematics?
A. Olmec
B. Maya
C. Toltec
D. Aztec