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INVERTEBRATE ANIMALSSpineless creatures
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WARM UP JAN. 27 • What are two types of mollusk? • Give an example of a gastropod. • Give an example of a cephlapod.
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WARM UP Give 2 characteristics of a sponge. Two characteristics of a Cnidarian. A characteristic of all invertebrate.
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WARM UP JAN. 31 What does millipede mean? Give me an example of each:
Echonoderm, Gastropod, Arthropod, Flat worm
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WARM UP JAN. 22 What are two examples of
invertebrates? What does invertebrate mean? Where can invertebrates be found?
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WARM UP What are three examples of Arachnids? What are two characteristics? What is a decapod?
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WARM UP Describe what happened to the zinc
oxide when filtered. What happened to the copper sulfate
when filtered? Why did this happen?
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WARM UP What is an invertebrate? Give an example of one. Where can they be found?
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VOCABULARY Invertebrate Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Cnidarians Sponges
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Bell Work What are two simple machines
that fall under the lever category?
What is the IMA of a wheel with a diameter of 30 cm fixed to an axle with a diameter of 4 cm?
Your input work on a lawn mower is 125,000 J. The output work is 90,000. What is the efficiency of the lawn mower?
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MOST ANIMALS ARE INVERTEBRATES Review: Animals are multicellullar, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms.
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS:Have no backbonesFound just about everywhereVariable in size
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Invertebrate Animals
SpongesCnidariansWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods
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SYMMETRYAsymmetry [Gk. a = “no, without” + L similis = “similar”] (def) body plan with an irregular form; no symmetry.
Radial symmetry[L. radius = “ ray”] (def)organized in a circular fashion like the spokes of a wheel.
Bilateral symmetry[L bi= “two” + lateris = “side”] (def) one side looks similar to the other. They are almost mirror images.
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PHYLUM PORIFERA (Sponges) Multicellular
(NO TISSUES) Spicules &
spongin Sessile as adults Freeswimming
larvae Filter feeders Regeneration
o Reproduce sexually
or asexuallyo Asymmetricalo Marine or aquatic
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PHYLUM CNIDARIA (Cnidarians) 2 Tissue layers Radial symmetry 2 forms – polyp &
medusa Tentacles with
nematocysts (sting cells)
Reproduce sexually & asexually
3 Classes
Corals & sea anemone
Hydra
Jellyfish
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WARM UP JAN. 24 What are the three types of worms? What does pseudo mean? Give two examples of a segmented
worm.
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WORMS
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
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PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms Acoelomate (no
body cavity) Organ level Some freeliving;
others parasites Sexual & asexual
reproduction Bilateral
symmetry
Class Turbellaria [planarian]
Class Trematoda [flukes]
Class Cestoda [tapeworms]
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PHYLUM NEMATODA Roundworms Pseudocoelomat
e Organ system
level Some predators,
some scavengers, some parasites
Sexual reproduction Bilateral
symmetry
Ascaris Trichinella Filarial worms
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PHYLUM ANNELIDA Segmented
worms Eucoelomate Organ system
level Body divided
into segments Closed
circulatory system
Sexual reproduction Bilateral
symmetry
Class Polychaeta
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
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PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Mollusks 2nd largest
phylum Bilateral
symmetry 3 classes 3 part body plan
Muscular footMantleVisceral mass
Class Gastropoda
Class Bivalvia
Class Cephalopoda
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CLASS BIVALVIA
-[L. bi – “two”] - Has 2 shells, secreted by mantle-Large visceral mass w/in shells-No cephalization [Gk. cephalo = “head”]e.g. clams, oysters, scallops
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CLASS GASTROPODA[Gk gastro = “stomach” + poda = “foot”] Single shell over visceral mass Cephalization Muscular foot Eyes on retractable stalkse.g. snails, conches, welks, slugs
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CLASS CEPHALOPODA[Gk cephalo = “head” + poda = “foot”]Muscular foot modified into tentacles &/or armsCephalization Funnel e.g. squid, octopus, chambered nautilis
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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA [Gk echinos =
“spiny” + derma = “skin”]
Eucoelomate Deuterostome Water-vascular
system Radial symmetry Predators AUTONOMY &
REGENERATION
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PHYLUM ARTHROPODA LARGEST PHYLUM Jointed appendages Chitinous exoskeleton Specialized sense
organs ¾ of all animals 3 Subphyla:
ChelicerataCrustaceaUniramia
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SUBPHYLUM UNIRAMIA Class
Chilopoda“centipedes”
Class Diplopoda“millipedes”
Class Hexapoda or Insecta“insects”
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SC. Diplopoda [Gk diplo = “two” +
poda = “feet”] 2 pairs of legs per body
segment Common name –
millipede
[ L. “1000 legged”] Detritivores Coil when threatened VERY SLOW MOVING
CLASS MYRIAPODA SC. Chilopoda [Gk chilo = “lip” +
poda = “feet”] 1 pair of legs per body
segment Common name –
centipede
[L “100 legged”]
Predators
FAST MOVING
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CLASS INSECTA3 body segmentsCompound eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs 2 pairs of wings Lighter exoskeleton
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Abdomen
ThoraxHead
Segmented Insect Body
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METAMORPHOSIS IN INSECTS(def) a distinctive change in body structure… Ametamorphosis (ametabolus development)
egg juvenile adult e.g. silverfish Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolus development) Egg naiad adult
e.g. dragonfly; damselfly, mayfly Gradual metamorphosis (paurometabolus
development) Egg nymph adult e.g. grasshopper, bugs
Complete metamorphosis (holometabolus development)
egg larva pupa adult e.g true flies, beetles, …
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WHY ARE INSECTS SO SUCCESSFUL?
Small animals (they can hide)
Wings Tremendous reproductive
powers Many have an effective means of defense
The secrets of my success!
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WARM UP FEB. 5
What are two types of metamorphisis?
What are two reasons why insects are successful?
Two characteristics of insects.
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CRUSTACEA Calcified exoskeleton Biramous appendages e.g. crayfish
lobstercrabshrimppillbug a.k.a. roly-poly
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BARNACLES Crustaceans with thick, heavy shells Gooseneck barnacles attached by a
stalk Acorn barnacle attach directly by the
shell Free-swimming larvae Swimming appendages become
cirri (feathery structures used to filter feed) during
metamorphosis to adult.
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WARM UP FEB. 6 What are two examples of decapods? What is a characteristic of crustacean? Give an example of a barnacle.
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DECAPODS[Gk. Deca = “10” + podos = “feet”]
5 pairs of walking legs on thorax 1st pair may be modified into a claw Thorax also has gills above each leg Swimmerets on abdomen Heart pumps hemolymph with blue
pigment hemocyanin. e.g. shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish,
pillbug, krill, copepod
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Gk. chele = “claw”1st appendage = chelicerae (pincer-like feeding organs)4 pairs walking legsAll appendages attached to cephalothorax
CHELICERATA
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ARACHNIDA
Scorpions Oldest terrestrial arthropod Pedipalps – large pincers Long abdomen ending in a stinger with venom
Ticks & Mites Often parasites Fused cephalothorax & abdomen (one piece)
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ARACHNIDANarrow waist separating cephalothorax
& abdomen 8 simple eyes 4 pairs of walking legs Chelicerae modified as fangs with
poison glands Silk glands & spinnerets – web, egg case… Book lungs e.g. SpidersNB – Beware – brown recluse, black widow, brown widow
Spiders
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ARTHROPOD SUCCESS: Exoskeleton
Advantages: Protection Muscle attachment Locomotion Prevention of desiccationDisadvantage: Must molt to grow
Segmentation Allows for specialization of
head, thoracic & abdominal regions
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WARM UP FEB. 7 Two examples of
arachnids. Two
characteristics of arachnids.
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WARM UP FEB. 10 Two reasons why arthropods are
successful Give three examples of invertebrates. What is one characteristic of
arachnids?
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WARM UP FEB. 11 What is an example of porifera? What does acoelmate mean? What invert has the most complex
brain?
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ARTHROPOD SUCCESS (CONTINUED): Well developed nervous system
Ventral nerve cord & specialized sense organs
A variety of respiratory organs Gills in marine & aquatic species Terrestrial species vary:
Tracheae – air tubes & Spiracles – openings in the body wall
(spiders & insects)Book lungs (spiders)
Occurrence of metamorphosis Allows them to adapt to different habitats
& food
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
& ATTENTION