Status of the Swedish programme December 2004
- Overview of the system
- Site investigations and performance assessment
- Äspö HRL – ongoing and planned activities
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
The Swedish system
Nuclear power station
m/s Sigyn
Medical care, industry and research
CLAB
SFR
Encapsulation plant
Deep repository for spent
nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel
Operational waste
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Deep repository for spent nuclear fuel
• Design capacity:– 9,300 tons (U)
• Depth: 400-700 m• Area needed: 2-4 km2
• Total volume~ 1.8 Mm3
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Reference canister design
• 1.05 m diameter, 5 m height
• 50 mm copper
• Insert of cast iron
• 12 (BWR) or 4 (PWR)
• Total weight 25 tonnes
• Around 4,500 are needed
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Canister laboratory
• Handling Tests
• Sealing Tests– Electron Beam
Welding– Friction Stir
Welding– Reference concept
in 2005
• Non Destructive Testing– Radiography– Ultrasonic
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Preparing for licensing
- 2006 application for encapsulation plant- 2008 application for deep repository
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Site selection – timetable
Siting, design
Construction
Detailed characterization and
construction
Site investigations
Feasibilitystudies
Deep repository
Encapsulation
Initial operation Regular operation
Closure ?
Evaluation
Tests 5–10 %
2010 2020 2040 205020302000
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Steps in the siting process
Oxelösund
StudsvikNyköping
Nyköpings kommun
0 10 km
Site invest.(min 2)
Sitingdecision
Detail invest.(1 site)
(Storuman)(Malå)
NyköpingÖsthammar
TierpOskarshamn
HultsfredÄlvkarleby
Nynäshamn??
Feasibilitystudies(5-10 m)
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Safety assessments during current program stage
• The application for the encapsulation (2006), supported by safety assessment SR-Can
- SR-Can concerns long-term safety for the deep repository- Required since encapsulation plant is a major investment in the
KBS 3 method
• The application for the deep repository at one site (2008) supported by safety assessment SR-Site
• An interim report, focussing on methodology recently completed and reviewed by SKI/SSI
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Deep disposal technology
• Barrier design• Excavation method• Deposition
technology
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Why a rock laboratory?
T1
V00
V02aV02b
Tracer-reservoirs
Pumps
Filter
P1 P2
T2 T3
V03aV03b
V04aV04b
V05
Eh- and pH-electrodes
Pressurereducer
Fractioncollectors
Reservoirpart
CHEMMAC
PACKER
Groundwater inlet
Bore holeseal
Experimentalchamber formigration
studies
Pumppart
Experimentalpart
Fractioncollectors'
part
Electronicpart
Pushing part
Pressurereducer
V01
Reservoir
InternalPressure
Regulator
Pump
PACKER
CHEMLAB
2
Waterinlet
CHEMMAC
Filter
ExternalPressure
Regulator
Electrovalve
Filter
Exp.cell
P
P
∆P
P
PP
To create opportunities for:
• Research and development
• Demonstration
in a realistic and undisturbedenvironment at repository depth
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL- Important tasks 2005-2008
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
• Improve the scientificunderstanding of the safety margins for the repository. Deliver data and information for safety assessments
• Develop, evaluate and demonstrate methods for construction and operation of the deep repository
• Training of personnel• Demonstration of concept to the
public and stakeholders
Engineered Barriers and Repository Technology
• Prototype Repository
• Backfill and Plug Test
• Canister Retrieval Test
• Long Term Test of Buffer Material - LOT
• DEMO of Disposal Technology
• Cleaning and sealing of investigation boreholes
• Injection grout for deep repositories
• KBS-3 method with horizontal emplacement
• Large Scale Gas Injection Test
• Temperature Buffer Test.
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL - Prototype repository project•Integration of repositorycomponents•Reference to compare with models•Development of engineering standards, quality criteria and systems
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
-3
-2
-1
0
-4
1 m
300 mm
tunnel
Parcel S1
insulation
heater
rock
specialtests
concrete blockn:o
Cu-tube
steel tube
beams
sand
5TE, 1TP, 1RH, WP*
5TE, 2TP, 1WP, 1RH
5TE, 1TP, 1RH
2TE
3TE
3TE
05
08
14
20
26
32
1TE, 1WP*
02
11
22
2930 copper
bacteria
Co, Cs tracer
bacteria
copper
1WP*
gaugesLong Term Tests of BufferMaterial
• Validate mineralogical and physical models in bentonite buffer
• Function tests of buffer under normal and adverse conditions
• Max temperature 90 and 130 °C, respectively
• Test times ranging from 1 year to 20 years
Äspö HRL Projects 2005-2008
Dismantling of the
• Long Term Tests of Buffer Material – Lot
• Backfill and Plug Test
• Prototype Repository
• Temperature Buffer Test
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL projects2005-2008
KBS-3 Horizontal • Modification of KBS-3
to decrease backfill and excavated rock
• To provide basis for safety assessment of the KBS-3H concept
• To demonstrate techniques for excavation, emplacement etc
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL Projects 2005-2008
Pillar Stability Project – Apse• examine the capability to predict
spalling in fractured rock
• study the effect of the backfill on propagation of cracks
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö Projects 2005-2008
Large Scale Gas InjectionTest - Lasgit• Answer questions related to upscaling.• Get additional information on gas transport
processes.• Obtain high quality data for testing
and validation of models.•Demonstrate that gas production in a
canister do not affect the repositorybarriers
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL- Natural barrier experimentsCONCEPTUAL REPRESENTATION OF FEATURE A
FRACTURE APERTURE TO SCALE. OTHER GEOLOGICAL UNITS NOT TO SCALE
ALTERED ÄSPÖ DIORITE(DISTURBED MATRIX)
UNALTERED (FRESH)ÄSPÖ DIORITE
1 m
m
MYLONITESTAGNANTPORE
ROCK FRAGMENT(part of fault gouge)
STAGNANT PORE
CALCITE & PYRITE CRYSTALS
OPENFRACTURE
FAULTGOUGE
• TRUE 1 and TRUE Block Scale• Long Term Diffusion
Experiment - LTDE• Chemlab 1 and Chemlab 2• Matrix Fluid Chemistry• Colloid• Microbe• Task Force on groundwater flow
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö Projects 2005-2008
Long Term Diffusion Experiment - LTDE
- Understand diffusion and sorption processes
- Data from in-situ conditions
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö HRL projects2005-2008
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Colloid project• To verify the colloid concentration
at Äspö HRL, along the tunnel• To study the potential for colloid
transport in the groundwater• Study the role of bentonite clay as
a source for colloid generation• New mobile equipment (Laser-
Induced Breakdown-Detection) can measure the colloid concentration in situ
ÄspöBaltic Sea
KR0012B1
SA1229A2
HA1330B3 KA1755A
4SA2074A
5SA2273A
6HA2780A7
KA3110A8
Handling Technology
• Testing and evaluation of construction and deposition technology
• New deposition machine
• Improved backfill compaction
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Äspö Projects 2005-2008
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Canister Retrieval
Test
demonstrate the readiness for recovering of emplaced canisters also after the time when the bentonite is fully saturated.
Äspö Projects 2005-2008
IAEA, Vienna, December 2004
Rock Shear Experiment – Rose
• Demonstrate in full scale that a rock shear of 10-20 cm along a fracture intersecting the deposition hole does not harm the canister in a detrimental way
• Feasibility study done• Testing will start after dismantling of the
Apse project• Installation 2005• Maturation 2006-2007• Shear experiment 2008