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Spanish-American War
1898
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Background to the war……Background to the war……- U.S. tries to gain control of Cuba from Spain U.S. tries to gain control of Cuba from Spain
in the 1800’s to protect business interests.in the 1800’s to protect business interests.
- Cubans revolt over Spanish rule during hard Cubans revolt over Spanish rule during hard economic times. (1868 and 1895).economic times. (1868 and 1895).
- Cuban rebels wanted U.S. to get involved – Cuban rebels wanted U.S. to get involved – many exile to the U.S.many exile to the U.S.
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The fever for war heating up
•Spanish policies towards Cubans are brutal.
•U.S. newspapers report the tragedies – Public outraged.
Gen. Valeriano Weyler
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William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
• Propaganda
• De Lome letter
• “You get me the pictures, I’ll get you a war.”
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“The splendid little war.”• U.S. Navy is dispatched.
• On February 15, 1898 the U.S.S. Maine explodes.
• McKinley asks for war April 11, 1898.
• Teller Amendment – April 19, 1898.
• April 21, 1898 McKinley gets approval from Congress to go to war against Spain.
U.S.S. Maine
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U.S. not ready for war!
• No training – Low numbers.
• Poorly equipped for the climate in Cuba.
• Transport troubles.
• Race concerns among soldiers.
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Fighting in Manila???
• May 1, 1898 Battle of Manila Bay – Naval Victory.
• U.S. quickly gains control of the Philippine Islands.
U.S. Pacific Naval Commander
George Dewey
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The Cuban Campaign• U.S. not ready for a
ground war.
“Rough Riders”
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THE INVASION• Not ready for
ground war.
• Trouble with the Landing.
• The original
“Smurfs”.U.S. Troops arrive in Cuba – June 22, 1898
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The Cuban Campaign• U.S. not ready for a
ground war.
• Fiercest Fighting occurred near the port city of Santiago.
• Battle of San Juan Hill
• U.S. Navy cripples the Spanish Fleet escaping Santiago Harbor
“Rough Riders”
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Cuba*
Santiago
*Havana
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A taste of global warfare
• Philippines*
• Guam
• Cuba*
• Puerto Rico
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The war ends…..(1898)
• July 17 Spain surrenders Santiago.
•August 12 after U.S. invades Puerto Rico, Spain is granted a conditional surrender.
• December 10 Spain and U.S. Sign the Treaty of Paris.
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Treaty of Paris (Dec.
10, 1898)•Spain gives up control of Cuba,
Puerto Rico, and Philippines.•Spain is allowed to keep
trading in the Philippines.-Hostile environment for the U.S.-Dewey’s (U.S. Navy) victory in the Pacific makes Europe very nervous.
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Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment
• March 2March 2ndnd, 1901, 1901
• U.S. becomes the U.S. becomes the protectorate over Cubaprotectorate over Cuba
• Limits Cuba’s ability to Limits Cuba’s ability to deal with other deal with other countries.countries.
• Gives U.S. Naval Base Gives U.S. Naval Base at at GuantanamoGuantanamo Bay Bay
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The U.S. becomes a world player…….?
There is mixed public opinion in the U.S. ………….