Download - Spanish 3 grammar book – semester 2
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SPANISH 3 GRAMMAR
BOOK – SEMESTER 2
Amalia Manivannan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Conditional 2. Conditional Irregulars3. Present Perfect4. Present perfect irregulars5. Past Perfect6. Subjunctive perfect7. Tanto y tan8. Impersonal ‘se’9. Saber vs. Conocer10. Formal Commands11. Formal Commands
Irregular12. Informal Commands13. Informal Commands
Irregular14. DOP + IOP placement
15. Nosotros command -with mono verbs
16. Subjunctive 17. (Formation of Subjuntive
in a Sentence)18. Subjunctive Irregulars19. Trigger phrases20. Impersonal expressions21. Expressions of emotion
with present subjunctive22. Conjunctions of time23. Demonstrative Adjectives 24. Demonstrative Pronouns
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CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCTION Would,
should, could, wonder if, probably
Infinitive + ending
Ending = ìa ìamos
ìas ìais ìa ìan
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CONDITIONAL IRREGULARSDecir = dir
Haber = habr
Hacer = har
Poder = podr
Poner = podr
Querer = querr
Saber = sabr
Salir = Saldr
Tener = tendr
Venir = vendr
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PRESENT PERFECT
Present PerfectWhen speaking about something (an action) that was true in the past and is still true in the present• He
estudiado espanol por tres anos
To indicate that an action was completed recently• He
terminado la tarea
Haber + verb in
past participle
form
Conjugation of Haber
He Hemos
Has Habéis Ha Han
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PRESENT PERFECT - IRREGULARAbrir = abierto
Cubrir = cubierto
Decir = dicho
Escribir = escrito
Hacer = hecho
Morir = muerto
Poner = puesto
Resolver = resuelto
Romper = roto
Ver = visto
Volver = vuelto
Ir - ido
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PAST PERFECT
Combine the auxiliary verb “had” with the past participle
Because the past perfect is a
compound tense, 2 verbs are
required – main and auxiliary
Haber Conjugation
Había Habíamos
Habías …………. Había
Habían
Main Verb Endings er/ir = ido
ar = ado
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PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
Used when a verb or an expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or the present perfect
- Present subjunctive is used when the dependant clause is in the present or future - Present perfect subjuntive is used when the dependant clause is in the past
Examples: - - Dudo que lo hayas hecho - “It is good that he is studying”• Es bueno
que estudie …….vs. - “It is good that he studied”
• Es bueno que haya estudiado
Sunjunctive of the verb haber …….+………………...past participle of the main verb
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Tan
• Use “tan como” for adjectives and adverbs
• Ex: El libro es tan bueno como la película
Tanto
• Use “tanto como” for nouns
• Ex: Marionela tiene tanto tarea como su hermana
TAN AND TANTO
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IMPERSONAL SE
Impersonal SeUse se to aviod specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb• Se vende
frutas
When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person• Se habla
espanol
Se can be used in all
tenses
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Saber• To know
• Facts or information sé sabemes sabes sabe saben
Conocer• To know
• People, place, thing, or published works Conozco conocemos conoces conoce concocen
SABER AND CONOCER
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• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -e-ar• Conjugate to yo form• Drop-o and add -a-er• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -a-ir
FORMAL COMMANDS
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T• tener • Tenga(n
)
V• Venir• Venga(n
)
D• Dar
dé(n)•Decirdiga(n)
I • Ir• Vaya(n)
S • Ser• Sea(n)
H • Hacer• Haga(n)
E • Estar• Esté(n)
S • Saber• Sepa(n)
Irregular Comman
ds
IRREGULAR FORMAL COMMANDS
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• Conjugate to the tú form
• Drop the “s”Affirmative
• Put in yo form• Change to
opposite vowel• Add an “s”
Negative
INFORMAL COMMANDS
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affi
rmati
ve
Di (decir)
Haz (hacer)
Ve (ir)
Pon (poner)
Sal (salir)
Sé (ser)
Ten (tener)
Ven (venir)
Tengas (tener)
Vengas (venir)
Dés, digas (dar,
decir)
Vayas (ir)
Seas (ser)
Hagas (hacer)
Estés (estar)
Sepas (saber)
neg
ati
ve
TU COMMAND IRREGULARS
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Direct Object Pronouns
• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel
• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command
Formal and Informal Commands
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NOSOTROS COMMANDSREGULARCONSTRUCTIO
N-Yo form -Drop the o
-Add opposite nosotros ending
MONO CONSTRUCTIO
N- Drop the final s of the command
form and add reflexive pronoun
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*Attitudes*Uncertain
*Hypothetical*Emotion*Doubt,
disbelief, denial
*Indefiniteness and non
existence
*Put it in the yo form, then subjunctive
endingAr
e emos es e en
Er/Ir a amos
as a an
Car, Gar, ZarCar – queGar – gueZar – ce
TV DISHESTener = tengaVenir = Venga
Decir = diga / Dar = de
Ir = VayaSer = Sea
Hacer = Haga / Haber = HayaEstar – Este
Saber = Sepa
Subjective Mood Construction Irregular
SUBUNCTIVE
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Main clause qué Subjunctiv
e+ +
Formation of Subjunctive in a Sentence
FORMATION OF SUBJUNCTIVE IN A SENTENCE
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SUBJUNCTIVE IRREGULARIrregular Notes
Irregular yo forms are present in subjunctive
Ar and Er have same stem changes as in the present (no change in the nosotros)
Ir stem changes (changes in nosotros) Ex: pedir, sentir, dormir
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Impersonal Expressions – bueno que, malo que, necesario que ……....
Expresses an order, a need, a piece of advice, or a
desire
Connjunctions of Time Asi que, cuando, después de que, hasta que, luego que, tan pronto como …….Use subjunctive
clause – habitual or in the past
Expressions of Emotion alegrarse de que, sentir que, esperar que, temer
que ….Shows fear, happiness, anger, regret,
surprise, joy, pity
TRIGGER WORDS
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Es urgente que…. it’s urgent that….
es necesario que… it's important that ...
es importante que ... it's important that ...
es dudoso que ... it's doubtful that ...
Subjunctive Impersonal Expressions
es bueno que ... it's good that ...
SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
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CONJUNCTIONS OF TIME
Take the indicative when the action in the subordinate clause is either habitual or in the past.
Description
- Asi que – as soon as -Cuando – when - Despues de que – after -En cuanto – as soon as -Hasta que –until -Luego que – as soon as -Tan pronto como – as soon as
Examples
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SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION
•to be happy
Alegrarse (de)
•to hope; to wish
Esperar •to
be sorry; regret
Sentir (e:ie)
•to surprise
Sorprender
•to be afraid;to fear
Temer
•its sad
Es triste
•I hope (that)
•I wish (that)
Ojalá(que)
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DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVESThis –
este/esta
That – ese/ esa
These – estos/esta
s
Those – esos/esas
That over there –
aquel/aquella
Those over there –
aquellos/aquellas
That- esto
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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
This one – éste/ésta
These ones – éstos/ éstas
That one – ése/ésas
Those ones –
ésos/ésas
Those ones over there –
aquéllos/ aquélla
That one over there –
aquél/ aquélla