Southeast AsiaSection 2: History
Objective 1: to summarize important events in Southeast Asian HistoryObjective 2: to explain how important geographic features impacted the history of the region.Objective 3: Summarize western imperialism in the region
Ancient Southeast Asia
• Population increase due to fertile lands. • Where are most people settling?
• Chinese invaded Vietnam as early as 100 B.C. • Increase of trade in the region• Start of ethnic diversity
The Great Kingdoms
• Between 500 and 1500 C.E. kingdoms grew and expanded• Where are most people settling? • What was an important economic activity in the region?
• Location to vital trade routes led to increased contact with India and China.• Strait of Malacca • In Cambodia – Khmers developed advanced agricultural techniques
• Reservoirs for irrigation• Selling of surplus food
• Mongols (1287)• Harsh environment and defense made them turn back
Khmers in Cambodia
• Settled valley in peninsular Indochina
• Used land accordingly• Reservoirs example of HEI • Seed culture for SE Asia• Suryavarman II built Angkor Wat
• Dedicated to Vishnu• Empire spread in SE Asia until 1287
Age of Commerce
• 1400s• Maritime based economy • What aided the spread of Islam in the
region?• European focus on the Maluku Islands• Portuguese in 1511
• What gave Europeans an advantage in the region?
• Western colonial powers exploited the region for resources• What country remained independent?
20th Century
• Early 1900s see independence movements grow
• WWII – Japan takes control
• By 1957, many gained independence• Vietnam’s fight was long and bloody
• Ho Chi Minh fought the French and Americans
• Vietnam was united under communism in 1975
• Fighting caused problems in neighboring Cambodia and Laos
• Khmer Rouge devastated Cambodia during the 70s• Pol Pot
Recovery
• After years of violence and poor communist, economic problems, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia suffered
• Vietnam adopted many capitalist practices and turned economies around
• Cambodia and Laos still among the poorest in the world
• Indonesia and Malaysia marketed their resources and varied their economies
• Decreased agriculture and increased manufacturing
• Singapore became an Asian Tiger in the 1990s