Download - SOPRA Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications Sustainable Smart Micro Grids
ALFEN
• Specialist since 1937 in transformer and sub stations, LV an MV -infrastructure en EV charge solutions
• Part of TBI (since 1971), a construction and installation company with € 2 billion annual turnover and ca. 8.000 employees
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION• Worldwide approx. 1.3 billion people
do not have electricity and water
• 1 billion people have bad electricity supply
• Connecting to public utilities is very often not economical
• It is the mission of the SOPRA consortium to share its expertise in decentralized generation of sustainable energy
SOPRA PRODUCT • Containerized solution– One 20 ft container for complete village
• 10-20-400-1000 kW, • 15--850 kWh storage (LiFePO4)• 20 years lifetime
• Modular Solution– High redundancy – Extendable in power and energy (within
container + adding extra containers)– Low losses (not used inverter power in
standby)
• Components in container:– Bi-directional Energy Storage Inverters
with battery– Inter SOPRA system coupling – Control system (PLC based)– Remote control and diagnostics– Smart metering with load shedding,
load shifting, peak shaving, etc
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (1): CIVIL
• Current situation:– No or bad grid (1,5 + 1 bilion
people)– High cashflow for candles, fuel and
mobile phone charging, approx 70 Euro/capita per year
• New situation:– SOPRA sustainable smart micro
grid– Lifetime > 20 years– Total investment 200 Euro / capita;
total market 500 BEuro– Roll out model, with partners like
telcom companies
SOLAR POWERPLANT
• Current situation:– Normal grid in solarbelt
• New situation:– Large PV powerplant: typically 10-
40 MWp (0,03-0,05 Euro/kWh)
– PPA (Power Purchase Agreement)
– Gridcode requires storage (15 minutes unbalance compensation)
– Costs storage 0,03 Euro/(kWh supplied PV)
DG POWER SUPPLIED FACTORY • Current situation:
– Cocoa plant Nigeria– 1 MW DG (24/7)– Price Diesel 0,75 Euro/l– 2 MEuro diesel per year
• New situation:– Existing DG – SOPRA PV + Storage, – costs 4 Meuro– Saving 1 MEuro / year– Payback: 16 x 1 MEuro = 16
MEuro
EXAMPLE CIVIL SOPRA PROJECT BURUNDI
• Project with Government of Burundi and Alfen to electrify 13 remote rural vilages with 60.000 people with SOPRA systems planned instalation mid 2014.
• Turn key installation:– Solar Powerplant– Energy Storage– Electricity distribution– Smart metering (prepayment)– Smart Grid:
• Load shedding / load shifting / peak shaving• tamporing and theft detection, • prepayment (STS, GSM, office, etc)
SOLAR ENERGY IN BURUNDI
Variable Months -> I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Insolation, kWh/m²/day 4.68 4.98 4.78 4.56 4.42 4.76 5.25 5.26 5.16 4.66 4.36 4.50Clearness, 0 - 1 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.44Temperature, °C 19.57 20.32 19.98 19.65 21.01 21.19 20.99 22.06 22.49 20.61 19.22 19.19Wind speed, m/s 2.83 2.94 2.77 3.00 3.81 4.37 4.18 4.01 3.41 2.91 2.68 2.45Precipitation, mm 155 162 176 187 84 9 5 12 57 87 184 162Wet days, d 22.7 21.1 22.3 24.2 12.9 2.5 2.7 3.5 9.5 17.1 26.4 24.4
African countries have high insolation during all year, used data is for Burundi (www.gaisma.com)
The variation per day is limited (source NASA)1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 1091211331451571691811932052172292412532652772893013133253373493610.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 Sunhours per day (kWh/day) year 2012
SRAD (kWh/day)
APPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY (IN TWO STEPS)
Step 1:• Lighting/ phone charging and limited radio/tv/fridge in houses• Lighting/radio/tv/computers in schools/ mill camps/ orphanages• Lighting/radio/tv/computers in health centres• Computers in offices• Water pumps• Mobile phone towers• Existing energy costs (candles/fuel) is about 10 Euro/kWh• Total costs of electricity 0,30-0,40 Euro/kWh (PV, storage, Grid, smartmeters, interest etc)
Step 2:• The system is prepared to be able to easily increase power level in daytime for economical
development with very low costs per kWh• Costs of additional electricity: 0,03-0,05 Euro/kWh ! (25 yrs 5% interest 1900 sunhours / yr)
STATE OF CHARGE (TYPICAL SYSTEM)
0.00
10.5
021
.00
31.5
042
.00
52.5
063
.00
73.5
084
.00
94.5
010
5.00
115.
5012
6.00
136.
5014
7.00
157.
5016
8.00
178.
5018
9.00
199.
5021
0.00
220.
5023
1.00
-50000
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000SOC [kWh]
SOC [kWh]
Load shifting (f.e. water
pumps)
Partial load shedding (pref
/ non-pref loads) or
apply diesel geneation
LOAD SHIFTING USERS:• Water towers• Irrigation• Fridges• Electric scooters• Cell phone charging• Charging several
equipment
TOP 10 LOWEST INCOME COUNTRIES 2011/2012
• Democratic Republic Congo - 347• Liberia - 416• Burundi - 430• Zimbabwe - 471• Eritrea - 731• Central African Republic - 774• Niger - 795• Sierra Leone - 846• Malawi - 852• Togo - 892
Income in USD / (capita year) (source IMF)
FINANCING SOPRA SYSTEMS
• In even the most poor countries there is enough cash flow !– Candles, petrol, diesel for lighting and small electricity generation– Example village in Burundi with 8000 inhabitants, with anual cash
flow 300-500 kEuro – SOPRA investment 1-1.5 Meuro.– Conclusion: business case is feasible !
• In these countries also mobile phone networks and comparable business cases and investements are built
• Revolving funds can be utilized (Dutch Good Growth Fund)• Other funding: Worldbank, UN, etc.• Risks to cover:
– Governments to charge too low and too fixed tariffs– People to save money => buy more equipment => grid investments
required => income too low for these investements => energy sustainable however financially NOT sustainbale
– Solution: smart business models / variable tariffs / technical solutions (power limitations, etc)
SUSTAINABLE SMART MICRO GRIDS
• In the developed world we have a “copper plate” for electricity transmission and distribution, with still limited renewable generation. The copper plate limits the need for smart grids.
• Developing countries can not afford the investment in such “copper plates” and not afford fosile fuel generation
• SOPRA sustainable smart micro grids avoid the investments in new “copper plates” and supply affordable renewable energy.
QUESTION HOW MUCH REVOLVING INVESTMENT NEEDED ?
• Electricity only
• Revolving fund use existing cash flow => each 3 yrs doubling capacity
0 3 6 9 12 15 180.00E+00
2.00E+08
4.00E+08
6.00E+08
8.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.20E+09
1.40E+09
1.60E+09
1.80E+09
No of People having electricity
No of People having elec-tricity
assumed energy consumption 40kWh/(capita*year)Investment 200 Euro / capitapayback with existing cashflow 3 yrsInitial investment revolving fund 5000 Meuroactual init. investment per capita 3,13 Euro
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !
• Ir Evert Raaijen• Business development manager Sustainable
Smart Micro Grids and Energy Storage @ ALFEN• [email protected]