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SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS AND AND
MECHANICAL MIXTURESMECHANICAL MIXTURES
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The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory1. All matter is composed of
tiny particles. Size and shape vary. All particles of pure substance
are exactly the same size.
2. All particles of one substance are the same Salt particles are different from
pepper particles
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The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory3. There are spaces between
particles.4. Particles are always moving –
the more energy they have, the faster they move.
temp the faster the particles move
5. There are forces of attraction between particles.
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The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory
Matter has particles Moving particles
Attraction between particles
Same particles throughout
Spaces between particles
M2ASS
Energy is transferred between particles by moving particles hitting each other and either speeding up or slowing down.
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Classification of MatterClassification of Matter
matter
mixtures pure substances
mechanical mixture(heterogeneous)
solutions(homogeneous)
Matter can exist in 3 states:
Any substance or material that has mass and occupies space.
solid, liquid and gas
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MatterMatter
Solid Particles are close together and
locked together into a pattern.Attractive forces are very strong.Particles move, but only vibrate
in one place.
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MatterMatter
LiquidParticles are slightly farther apartAttractive forces are weakerParticles are able to slide past
one another
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MatterMatter
GasParticles are far apart.Attractive forces are weakest.Particles are able to move in any
direction.
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Pure SubstancesPure SubstancesContain only one kind of particle. All samples have same properties
(big or small).Only a few are found in nature
(raw material).
e.g.diamond, sugar, aluminum foil
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Contain 2 or more pure substances.
Any combination of solids, liquids and gases.
Almost all natural substances are mixtures of pure substances.
e.g. pop – mixture of liquid water, solid sugar, and CO2
MixturesMixtures
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MixturesMixtures
solution (homogeneous)
pure substance pure substance pure substance pure substance
mechanical mixture (heterogeneous)
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MixturesMixturesHomogeneous (“same kind”)
A solutionParticles of 2 or more pure
substances mix completelyFeel and look like one substanceProperties of sample always the
samee.g. salt and water
steel (iron, O2 and C)
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MixturesMixturesHeterogeneous (“different kinds”)
A mechanical mixture.2 or more substances can be seen or
felt.Each sample will have different
properties.
e.g. granola, concrete