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Solution Stoichiometry Topic 8.3
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Expressing Concentration
• a solution can be described as concentrated or dilute .
• concentration is a ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solution
• most calculations that involve solutions require quantitative of concentration.
• thus a solution with a concentration of 50 g per litre of solution is more dilute than a solution with 52 g of the same solute per litre of solution
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Calculating Percent Concentrations
There are three common methods for expressing percent concentration:• mass/volume percent, or percent (m/v)• mass percent, or percent (m/m)• volume percent, or percent (v/v)
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Mass/Volume Percent
Expresses the mass of solute dissolved in a volume of solution as a percent:
Percent(m/v) = mass of solute [in grams] X 100% mass of solution [in millilitres]
Read pgs 371 -373 of text (MHR chemistry 11) and look at worked examples and practice problems
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Mass Percent
Expressed as a percent ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution:
Percent(m/m) = mass of solute X 100% mass of solution
Read pgs 374 -376 of text (MHR chemistry 11) and look at worked examples and practice problems
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Very Small Concentrations
Expressed in terms of parts per million or parts per billion:Both are fractions with the mass of solute divided by mass of the solution
ppm = mass of solute ppb= mass of solute
Read pgs 374 -376 of text (MHR chemistry 11) and look at worked examples and practice problems
mass of solutionX 106
mass of solutionX 109
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Solutions
Concentration is expressed in terms of the mass or amount of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution
g/dm3 or mol/dm3
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• Molarity is a term used to express concentration. The units of molarity are moles per liter (It is abbreviated as a capital M)
mL 1000
moles
Liter
moles M = mol/dm3
gram/dm3 or g/dm3
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Practice Problems