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Solid Waste Management in China
Introduction
The Peoples Republic of
China is the most
populous country in theworld, population >1.3
billion
One of the fastest
growing economies
China produces > a
billion tons of solid waste,
surpassing the USA is set to produce 490
million tons of MSW /year
by 2030 according to a
World Bank report
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MSW Composition
waste ash
(approximately 25
million tons per year
or 13%)high levels of organic
waste (40-65)%
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MSW Composition in China compared to USA
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Waste Generation & Collection
Rural Solid Waste Rural residents make up
72% of Chinas
population
Receive no refusecollection service
Refuse dumped on
unusedland or directly
into a river Most rural waste non-
toxic
The mainproblems are
bacteria.
Municipal Solid Waste Daily MSW collection
and street sweepings
Common method of
waste collection is acentral drop-off scheme
for each neighborhood or
building
Drop off points-designated spot, pile
garbage, barrels or bins,
refuse sorting centers
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MSW Generation contd
Current level of MSWgeneration in China -
0.4 kg/person/day (avg)
0.9 kg/p/day in cities
The World Bank estimates-due to increase in living
standard, the avg figure will
surpass 1kg/p/day by 2030.
Projected MSW Generation in India, China, USA4
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Disposal
Landfilling is the most
common method of solid
waste disposal
Chinas 660 cities have
about 1000 landfills
Will require an estimated
additional 100,000 hectares
over the next 30 years
Cities %
Simple
Landfill
%
Sanitar
y
landfill
W2E
Faciliti
es
Beijing 73 24 3
Tianjin 73 27 0
Shangh
ai
95 5
Chongq
ing
74 13 13
Wuhan 13 84 3
Guangj
hou
95 5
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Recycling
Waste management system
includes a high degree ofsorting and recycling
Carried out with the manual
labor of garbage pickers
6Recyclable Materials in Waste Stream
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Composting
Compostinga viable
option as 50% of the waste
stream consists of bio-
degradable organics
7Principal set-up of Composting Facility
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Waste-to-energy
The high food and inorganic waste content of MSW lowers
the heating value
In the year 2002, the avg calorific value was 3300MJ/kg
(ranged from 2000MJ/kg to 7000MJ/kg. )
The World Bank specifies the Autogenic limit for WTE fuel
as 6MJ/kg.
This means most Chinese MSW cannot sustain combustion
without an auxiliary fuel.
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Conclusions
The environmental situation in China is dire, and worst in the
world at the present time
The Chinese Government pushed up environmental spending
to 1.5% of GDP (to $US16.5 billion) from around 0.5%
presently
The Chinese government has been strongly promoting WTE
technology and has set a goal for 30% of MSW to be treated
by WTE by the year 2030.
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