Solid State Electronics
Electrical Engineering
Radar, Antennas,
CommunicationsFeedback,Control,Systems
PowerComputers
All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!
Solid State Electronics
Electrical Engineering
All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!
Feedback,Control,Systems
Communications
Computers
Analog and DigitalSignal Processing
Ultra-Low Power
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor Progress
First Transistor Bell Laboratory - 1947 7,000,000 Transistors
Motorola PC 620 - 1997
First Integrated Circuit Texas Instruments - 1958
IBM's POWER6790 million transistors4.7 GHz, 2007
Solid State Electronics
Paradigm Shiftsu Computers
n Main frame desktop laptop netbook
n Musicu 78 rpm record audio tape CD mp3 player
Solid State Electronics
In 1983, ASU was thinking about acquiring a Cray 1S supercomputer.
This supercomputer was rated at 27 MFLOPs (27 million floating point operations per second).
Over the past 60 years, computers have revolutionized our life and led to the information revolution.
Solid State Electronics
Today, your average current laptop is 100X more powerful than that Cray 1S!
Today, the top supercomputer is 500,000,000X more powerful than that Cray 1S; it is the Tianhe-2 (Milky Way) in China with 33.8 PFlops
Solid State Electronics
Data Storage
u 5.25” floppyn ~ 1980, ~ 1MB
u 3.5” floppyn ~ 1987, 1.44 MB
u Zip driven 1994, 100-700 MB
u Compact disk (CD)n ~ 1982, 700 MB
u Digital versatile disk (DVD)
n ~ 1995, 3-5 GBu Blu Ray
n ~ 2003, 25-50 GBu Flash drive
n ~ 2010, up to 64+ GB
Solid State Electronics
mp3 Playersu MPEG Audio Layer 3, standard for audio
compression that makes music files smaller with little or no loss of sound quality.
u Memory: Jon Rubinstein from Apple Computer visited Toshiba/Japan in 2001, he saw a 1.8-inch hard drive; four months earlier, Steve Jobs, told him to check out the possibility of designing a music player
u Algorithm: D. Seitzer/University of Erlangen and K. Brandenburg/ Fraunhofer Institute in Germany developed the mp3 algorithm. Started 1987, US patent 1996; first mp3 player 1999; ipod in 2001
u 3-min song ~ 30 MB; reduced to ~ 3 MB in mp3 format
u 8 GB mp3 player 2500 songs ~ 100 CDsu “mp3” second to “sex” on search engines
Solid State Electronics
Digital Cameras
u 35 mm slides commonly used in the pastu 2000 such slides fit on 2 DVDsu 1 picture in 10 MB camera ~ 2x106 MB u ~ 4000 pictures on 8 GB memory cardu ~ 1 ¢/picture storage costu 35 mm trays of 100 slides each, ~4 ft high
4000 pics!!
1800 pics!!
Solid State Electronics
Transistor Productionu Transistor number/chip has increased from
1 to 109 in 40 years!
100
102
104
106
108
1010
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
ProductSIA Roadmap
Tran
sist
ors/
Chi
p
Year
Encyclopedia
Book
Page
Double/1 Yr
Double/2 Yrs
Double/1.5 Yrs
16 G1 G
64 M4 M
256 K16 K
1 K
Solid State Electronics
Personal Systems Scaling
System size for equivalent functionality is reduced by half every 5-7 years
Source: Texas Instruments1
10
100
Syst
em S
ize,
L+W
+H
(inch
es)
Time
Ultra LowPower
5-7 Yrs
Low Power
Notebook
Desktop
Phone
PDA
Credit Card
Watch
Ring
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor Progress in Perspectiveu Semiconductor progress in device size, circuit speed,
power consumption, memory storage capability, and cost has been enormous since 1960
u How a model 1970 automobile would perform, had it improved at the same rate as integrated circuits
1970 1995Speed (mph)Power (mpg)Cost (1995 $)Mass (kg)Luggage (ft3)
10020
20,0001,500
20
2,500,0001,750,000
400.06
80,000
Solid State Electronics
Solid State Electronicsu Electronic systems are driven by
semiconductor chipsu These chips perform analog and digital
circuit functionsu Semiconductor chips contain
semiconductor devicesu Semiconductor devices have to be
n Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled, marketed, and sold
u Need to know:n Device physicsn Circuit designn Fabrication techniquesn Modelingn Measurements
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor IndustryWhat do engineers in the semiconductor industry do?
u Circuit designn Design and lay out circuits to be manufactured
u Simulation/modelingn Simulate semiconductor device, circuit, and systems behavior
(simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing)u Fabrication
n Fabricate these circuits, maintain yieldu Measurement/characterization
n Characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips u Sales/marketing
n Sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services
Solid State Electronics
Courses
u EEE 434 - Quantum Mechanics for Engineersn Basic physics describing the behavior of electrons and
atomsu EEE 435 - Microelectronics
n Fabrication of semiconductor devices/circuits. Important!u EEE 436 - Fundamentals of Solid State Devices
n Introduces the physics of the most common semiconductor devices, i.e., how do these device work. Important!
u EEE 437 – Optoelectronicsn Light emitting/detecting devices (lasers, photodetectors, etc.)
u EEE 439 - Semicond. Facilities/Cleanroom Practicesn Facilities/cleanrooms to make semiconductors
Solid State Electronics
Dave Allee
Hugh Barnaby
Mariana Bertoni
Srabanti Chowdhury
Jennifer Blain Christen
Yu Cao
Solid State Electronics
Junseok Chae
David Ferry
Gennady Gildenblat
Stephen Goodnick
Michael Goryll
Zachary Holman
Solid State Electronics
Christiana Honsberg
Michael Kozicki
Ying-Cheng Lai
Cun-Zheng Ning
Stephen Phillips
Marco Saraniti
Solid State Electronics
Brian Skromme
Meng Tao
Nongjian Tao
Trevor Thornton
Dragica Vasileska
Hongbin Yu
Solid State Electronics
Job Opportunities
u Chip Manufacturersn Freescale, Intel, IBM,
Texas Instruments, National Semiconductor, ST Semiconductors, Global Foundries, Microchip, Micron ....
u Equipment Manufacturersn Applied Materials, KLA/Tencor,
Chemical Cos., Digital Instruments, Lam, Agilent, Keithley ….
u Servicesn Companies producing simulation software, other services
0
50
100
150
200250
300
1980 1990 2000 2010
Worldwide Semiconductor Sales
Bill
ion
Dol
lars
Year
Solid State Electronics
Graduate Schoolu BS
n Entry-level degreen For technical work you’ll be at the lower end of the range of
engineersn For less technical work, good
u MSn Good degreen Valued by industryn More advanced knowledge, but not overly specializedn Most useful degree for most cases
u Ph.D.n Specializedn Good for those interested in more advanced, more interesting workn Necessary for academic or R&D careers
Solid State Electronics
Advanced Degree Necessary?
u How is salary related to degree?
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000Median Annual Income
Dol
lars
Hig
h Sc
hool
Som
e C
olle
ge
Ass
ocia
te D
egr.
BS M
S
Ph.D
.01
234
56
Lifetime Income
Mill
ion
Dol
lars
Hig
h Sc
hool
Som
e C
olle
ge
Ass
ocia
te D
egr.
BS M
S
Ph.D
.
Source: Arizona Republic, Oct. 20, 2004