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SOL Key Terms
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monotheism
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monotheism
• belief in one all-powerful God
• Judaism (1st), Christianity (2nd), and Islam (3rd)
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polytheism
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polytheism
• belief in more than one god
• Hinduism
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non-theistic
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Non-theistic
• a religion that does not focus on the worship of a god
• Buddhism
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atheism
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atheism
• the belief that there are no gods and no supernatural world
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animism
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animism• the worship of nature spirits instead of one particular god
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proselytize
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proselytize• to try to convert someone to a religion
• Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism are proselytizing religions
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10 Commandments
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10 Commandments
• God's laws for Jews - given to Moses
• also followed by Christians
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Torah
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Torah
• Jewish holy book
• Christians call it the Old Testament
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messiah
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messiah
• savior - Jews believe a messiah will come and save them
• Christians believe Jesus is the messiah and will come again
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Bible
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Bible
• Christian holy book
• Made up of Old and New Testaments
• Old Testament - Jewish scriptures
• New Testament - life of Jesus and the teachings of his disciples (most written by Paul)
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trinity
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trinity
• Christian belief that God has 3 parts - father, son, holy spirit
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Kaaba
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Kaaba
• shrine in Mecca
• holiest place for Muslims
• black box
• it used to hold polytheistic gods/idols
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Koran/ Qur’an
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Koran/ Qur’an
• holy book of Islam
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jihad
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jihad
• Arabic word meaning “struggle”
• Muslim holy war
• if a Muslim dies fighting for Allah, he will go straight to heaven
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5 Pillars
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5 Pillars of Islam• faith
• prayer
• pilgrimage
• alms
• fasting (during Ramadan)
• 5 things all Muslims must do
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Ramadan
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Ramadan
• month Muhammad received revelations from Allah
• Muslims fast during this month
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caste system
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Caste System• hierarchy in India - made up of different levels
• each level is called a varna
• every varna has certain duties to perform called dharma
• people are born into a varna and then do not move out of it
• the only way to move up or down is to be reincarnated at a higher or lower level in your next lifetime
• you get reincarnated higher by having good Karma which you get by completing the dharma of your varna
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Vedas
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Vedas• holy writings of Hinduism
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Four Noble Truths
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Four Noble Truths• 1. suffering exists
• 2. desire causes suffering
• 3. no desire = no suffering
• 4. the way to end desires is to live by the 8 fold path
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Eightfold Path
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Eightfold Path• the 8 ways to live that Gautama came up with that would end
desires and end suffering
• 1. Right View Wisdom
• 2. Right Intention
• 3. Right Speech Ethical Conduct
• 4. Right Action
• 5. Right Livelihood
• 6. Right Effort Mental Development
• 7. Right Mindfulness
• 8. Right Concentration
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nirvana
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nirvana• nothingness - when your spirit ends reincarnation and becomes one
with the universe
• the ultimate goal of Buddhism
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West Bank/Jerusalem Conflict
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West Bank/Jerusalem Conflict• religious war in Middle East
• West Bank of Jordan River in Israel
• Israeli Jews and Palestinian Muslims are still fighting over it today
• Both see Jerusalem as a holy city and want to control that area
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Kashmir Conflict
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Kashmir Conflict• religious war in India
• Kashmir is a region of northwestern India
• The people there are Muslim
• Pakistan (Muslim country near there) is fighting India (Hindu country that owns Kashmir) for control of the land
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Northern Ireland Conflict
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Northern Ireland Conflict• religious war going on there between Catholics and Protestants
• Great Britain (Protestant) controls Northern Ireland
• The rest of Ireland (Catholic) wants GB to give up control
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Balkans Conflict
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Balkans Conflict
• religious wars between Orthodox Christians and Muslims
• have been going on since the Crusades
• the U.S. went in to Kosovo in the late 1990s to protect KosovarMuslims that were being slaughtered by Serb Christians
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Thirty Years' War
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Thirty Years' War• religious war - 1618-1648
• between Protestants and Catholics in German states of the Holy Roman Empire.
• France joined (Cardinal Richelieu) for non-religious reasons -wanted to weaken the power of the Hapsburgs
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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church• only major religious group in western Europe during Medieval
Period
• center of Medieval life
• Head of the church is the Pope
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Crusades
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Crusades• wars fought against Muslims in the Middle East by European
Christians
• led to more trade and an increase in money in Europe
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Renaissance
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Renaissance• word means rebirth
• it is the period after the Medieval period
• started in Italian city-states
• was a rebirth of Ancient Greek and Roman ideas and culture
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classics
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classics
• ideas, culture, education, etc. of Ancient Greece and Rome
• reborn during the Renaissance
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humanism
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humanism• an interest in the classics
• focus on individuals
• interest in all humans being the best they can be
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secular
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secular
• non-religious
• Renaissance art was often secular
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sonnet
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sonnet• 14 line poem about 1 topic
• Shakespeare is famous for writing them
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Printing Press
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Printing Press• invented by Johannes Gutenberg
• made books cheaper
• spread Renaissance and reformation ideas
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indulgence
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Indulgence• a certificate one could buy from the church that would lessen one's
sin
• A way to buy forgiveness
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usury
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usury
• lending money and then charging lots of interest
• the Catholic Church was against this
• this made merchants turn against Catholicism because they wanted to be able to charge usury
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laity
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laity
• church members not in the clergy
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95 Theses
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95 Theses
• Luther's 95 complaints against the church
• nailed to the church door on October 31, 1517
• Biggest complaint was against the sale of indulgences
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Lutheran Church
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Lutheran Church
• the first protestant denomination
• Martin Luther's followers
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predestination
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predestination
• John Calvin's teaching that God chooses who goes to heaven before people are born
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Anglican Church
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Anglican Church• church created in England by Henry VIII and Elizabeth I
• it was a combination of Protestant and Catholic beliefs/practices
• controlled by English government
• Pope was not in control
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Inquisition
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Inquisition• Roman Catholic Church court set up to punish Protestant heretics
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Jesuits
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Jesuits
• All male order of priests sent out to be missionaries of the Catholic Church
• society started by Ignatius of Loyola
• started Catholic schools all over the world
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trade routes
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trade routes• road or waterway traveled to exchange products and ideas.
1. silk roads across Asia to Mediterranean Sea (silk, tea, spices, porcelain)2. trans-Saharan (across the Sahara) in North Africa (gold, salt, slaves)3. maritime (sea) routes across Indian Ocean (textiles)4. South China Sea routes connect China w/Southeast Asia (spices)5. Western Europe: river routes (Rhine) and trade on the Mediterranean Sea6. Northern Europe: links to the Black Sea (Danube River)7. Triangular Trade Route
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shogun
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shogun• Japanese military leader
• had the political power in Japan
• tried to keep Europeans out of Japan during this time
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isolationism
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isolationism• national policy of not interacting with the rest of the world - ex.
Japan
• U.S. also practiced this policy to try and stay out of World War I and World War II
• Gave up the idea of being isolated from the world’s problems after WWII
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foreign enclaves
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foreign enclaves
• special areas in China where the emperor allowed European trading companies to trade
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spices
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spices• product that Europe relied on - came from Asia
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middleman
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middleman
• someone who buys something and then sells it to someone else
• the Arabs were middlemen for spices
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Gold, Glory, God
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Gold, Glory, God• 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to explore the world –
• money, fame, and spread Christianity
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cultural diffusion
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cultural diffusion• the spread of culture
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circumnavigate
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circumnavigate• to go around the world
• first done by Ferdinand Magellan's crew
• then by Sir Francis Drake
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conquistador
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conquistador• an early Spanish conqueror/explorer
• Hernan Cortez conquered Aztecs
• Francisco Pizarro conquered Incas
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colony
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colony• a settlement ruled by a "parent country"
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Columbian Exchange
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Columbian Exchange• exchange of goods and ideas between the Old and New Worlds
• Named after Christopher Columbus
• changed the world as new products were brought new places
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plantation system
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plantation system• Used throughout the Americas
• Europeans set up farming plantations to grow cash crops
• they used Native Americans to do labor
• when they died of diseases, Europeans began taking slaves from Africa
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism
• belief that a country's power depends on its wealth
• caused nations of the world to try and build up wealth and compete for colonies
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bullion
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bullion
• gold and silver
• it's how a nation's wealth was measured
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triangular trade
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triangular trade• a trade route with 3 legs that forms a triangle
• began around 1500
• connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• The selling of slaves from Africa to the New World was the most profitable leg of the triangular trade network (middle passage)
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the 3 main legs of the triangulartrade route
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the 3 main legs of the triangular trade route
• 1. Europe to Africa (w/rum and manufactured goods)2. Africa to Caribbean (w/slaves - called the Middle Passage)3. Caribbean to Europe (w/sugar and rum)
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sugarcane
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sugarcane
• crop planted in Caribbean by English
• very profitable
• Very labor intensive which increased the demand for slaves
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diseases
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diseases
• Europeans brought diseases with them to the New World
• the diseases killed off the Native American population (especially small pox)
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absolutism
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absolutism
• belief that monarchs get their power and their right to rule directly from God - therefore they have absolute power
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Edict of Nantes
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Edict of Nantes• created by Henry IV of France
• Marked the end of religious wars in France
• it gave French Protestants (Huguenots) their religious freedom
• It was taken away by Louis XIV of France who then took away the Protestants' religious freedom
• It is an example of absolute power, because it was created and then taken away on the whim of a king
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Scientific Method
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Scientific Method
• the methods for finding the truth by examining facts and using reason
• developed by Francis Bacon
• The steps are: 1. observe 2. hypothesis 3. test hypothesis
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hypothesis
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hypothesis
• a theory to explain why something happens
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reason
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reason• using logic, thinking, and observation to figure something out
• when someone tests a hypothesis instead of just relying on tradition or belief they are using reason
• during scientific revolution people began using reason
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heliocentric theory
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heliocentric theory• Nicolaus Copernicus' idea that the sun was the center of the
universe
• Proven by Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei
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natural law
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natural law
• moral laws that can be proven with reason just like scientific laws
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Enlightenment Ideas
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Enlightenment Ideas
• New ideas about government
• People have the right to overthrow unjust rulers
• People have natural rights that cannot be taken away by the ruler
• Led to democracies
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Economic Distress
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Economic Distress
• money problems
• taxes too high, not enough money
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Social Injustice
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Social Injustice
• when a group of people are treated unfairly
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Religious Intolerance
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Religious Intolerance
• when a religious group is treated unfairly or outlawed
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Nationalism
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Nationalism
• a great pride in your people or nation and wanting them to be independent if you are ruled by an outside country
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Magna Carta
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Magna Carta
• English document signed in 1215
• Placed clear limits on the English King
• The King was now under the rule of law
• He could not tax without the approval of the Royal Council
• He could not put a man in jail without trial by jury
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Common Law
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Common Law
• body of English law - applied to all people
• Laws that are made by judges decisions over time rather than government legislation
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jury trial
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jury trial
• a trial where guilt or innocence is decided by a group of peers, NOT just some judge
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Parliament
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Parliament
• like our Congress
• majority of people in it were Puritans
• they led English Civil War against Charles I
• after the Glorious Revolution they had more power than the monarch
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Glorious Revolution
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Glorious Revolution
• called this because there was no bloodshed
• Parliament asked William and Mary to come take over England
• England didn't want absolute monarchs any more
• After this, Parliament had more power than the king
• William and Mary did what Parliament wanted, because they were thankful to get to be the monarchs
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Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence
• written by Jefferson
• influenced by Enlightenment - especially Locke
• people have rights (life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness)
• People’s rights can't be taken away
• government exists to protect people’s rights
• when government doesn't rule justly, people should rebel
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U.S. Constitution
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U.S. Constitution
• influenced by the Enlightenment
• Bill of Rights based on English Bill of Rights,
Locke's ideas, and Voltaire's ideas
• The U.S. Government is set up based on Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances
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Bastille
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Bastille
• French prison/ symbol of royal tyranny
• July 14, 1789 = Bastille Day (like our July 4)
• On this day, the Third Estate stormed the Bastille and released several political prisoners
• This is the beginning of the French Revolution
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Reign of Terror
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Reign of Terror
• after the Third Estate liberals took over the French government, they began executing anyone who disagreed with them
• This led to chaos and more revolution
• Eventually Napoleon took over, became dictator and brought order
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Code of Napoleon Napoleonic Code
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Code of Napoleon Napoleonic Code
• laws of Napoleon
• made all people equal
• he spread these ideas all over Europe as he conquered it
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Haitian Revolution
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Haitian Revolution
• Toussaint L'Ouverture leads Haitian slaves in an uprising
• Creates first black run country in the New World (Western Hemisphere)
• Inspired by the American and French Revolutions
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South American Revolutions
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South American Revolutions
• inspired by the French and U.S. revolutions
• Bolivar lead South American countries to fight for independence from Spain
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Congress of Vienna
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Congress of Vienna
• meeting of European countries after many years of fighting France/Napoleon
• Europe was a mess after all the fighting
• they met to come up with a plan to restore order to Europe
• Restored a balance of power
• Restored monarchs to their thrones
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balance of power
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balance of power
• no one country should be too powerful - the way France had been
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liberals
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liberals
• in general, these are people who want more changes and more freedoms
• In the 1800s, they were unhappy with Congress of Vienna
• they wanted enlightened government
• they did not want absolute monarchs
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conservatives
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conservatives
• in general, these are people who wanted less change in the 1800s
• a stronger central government
• and fewer individual rights
• Metternich was a conservative
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Revolutions of 1848
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Revolutions of 1848
• started throughout Europe as people revolted against the conservatives and the Congress of Vienna
• revolutions were led by those who were nationalists and/or liberals
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nationalists
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nationalists
• were unhappy with Congress of Vienna
• they wanted their people to have their own countries - not be ruled by others.
• many people were ruled by others in order for there to be a balance of power
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nationalism
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nationalism
• love for your country/people and wanting to have your country strong
• often a cause of revolution
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nation-state
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nation-state
• a state that is based on a common nationality/ethnic group
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German Confederation
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German Confederation
• after Napoleon was defeated, this was created to be a buffer against the French
• it was an association of German states
• it was the beginning of the German states working together
• helped lead to Germany becoming unified
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realpolitik
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realpolitik
• the belief that a country should do whatever it has to do to benefit itself
• this was Bismarck's philosophy
• it was the reason he went to war
• it helped Prussia/the German people unify
• decisions were decided by "blood & iron"
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Franco-Prussian War
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Franco-Prussian War
• Prussia fought and beat France
• Prussia led by Bismarck
• took land from France - Alsace-Lorraine - that Bismarck wanted to help unify Germany
• example of realpolitik
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Enclosure Movement
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Enclosure Movement
• movement in Great Britain where large land owners fenced in their lands that used to be open to public use
• Now fewer people could be farmers (since they couldn't use the public lands)
• and it created a large group of available workers for factories
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industrial revolution
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industrial revolution
• a time of great change in the way things were produced
• work began to be done in factories by machines instead of at home by hand
• more and more people began moving to cities and leaving the farm (this is called urbanization)
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capital
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capital
• money that is available to be spent on a business
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entrepreneur
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entrepreneur
• a person who takes a risk to start a business in order to hopefully make money
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factory system
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factory system
• instead of all work being done by individuals in their own homes, all the workers came together in one location (a factory)
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capitalism
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capitalism
• type of economic system
• major goals are to make money (capital) and to be free
• this is what the U.S. has
• pure capitalism is called laissez-faire - leave the economy alone and lets nature take its course
• benefits: people are free to make money the way they want to, anyone with an idea has a chance of becoming rich so there are lots of ideasproblems: there is no guarantee you'll make money, you could lose money, if owners are too free they may mistreat workers to make more money
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labor union
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labor union
• group of workers united to force owners into improving working conditions
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strikes
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strikes
• When workers refuse to work as a protest against their employers policies or working conditions (used by unions)
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socialism
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socialism
• type of economic system
• believes that all people should be equal and no one should make more $ than anyone else
• individuals don't own anything - the society owns everything together
• the government must be in control of everything and own everything to make sure that everyone is equalbenefits: everyone is equal, no one is poorer than anyone elseproblems: since you can't make $ there's no reason to come up with new ideas, plus not all people want to be equal - some want to be better
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collective bargaining
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collective bargaining
• when owners and union representatives sit down to discuss working conditions
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Imperialism
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Imperialism
• policy of building an empire to extend a nation's power and territory
• when one country takes over others and builds an empire
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Protectorate
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Protectorate
• A country that is technically independent, but is given protection by another country whether they ask for it or not
• And the “mother” country expects something in return
• a country whose policies are guided by a foreign nation
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Colony
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Colony
• a settlement of people outside their homeland
• linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
• (a settlement of people directly ruled by a mother country)
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Sphere of influence
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Sphere of influence
• area in a country where a foreign power has exclusive rights to trade or investment
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British East India Company
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British East India Company
• British traders that band together for trading rights in India
• Forced parts of India to trade with them exclusively
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Boxer Rebellion
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Boxer Rebellion
• Boxers were a group of anti-foreigner Chinese
• they rebelled against the imperialist European countries that were trading in China
• the Europeans defeated them so that they could keep trading in China
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Imperialism
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Imperialism
• building an empire
• extending power and territory
• caused countries to compete and become enemies
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Militarism
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Militarism
• policy of building up the military to make it the best
• when countries have big militaries, they often want to use them
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Nationalism
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Nationalism
• love for your country - wanting it to be independent/strong
• countries all wanted to be the best
• colonies wanted to be independent
• each country in Europe wanted to be the best
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Alliances
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Alliances
• countries join together b/c of mutual beliefs and desires and agree to help each other if attacked
• now if 1 country is attacked others will end up being involved
• alliances led to diplomatic failures before WWI
• It turned a war between 2 countries into a war between A LOT of countries
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Triple Alliance
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Triple Alliance
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Italy later drops out
• became known as the Central Powers during WWI
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Triple Entente
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Triple Entente
• Britain, France, Russia
• became known as the Allied Powers – U.S. joins this side when they enter WWI
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Lusitania
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Lusitania
• British passenger ship
• sunk by a German U-boat
• many American civilians are killed
• U.S. public opinion begins to turn against Germany
• U.S. begins to think about going to war
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Zimmerman Telegram
• telegram Germany sent Mexico
• asked Mexico to attack the U.S. to keep the U.S. from being able to fight in Europe
• Germany would then help Mexico get Texas New Mexico, and Arizona back
• made U.S. angry enough to declare war against Germany
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coup d'etat
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coup d'etat
• when a group takes over a government and its leaders in a quick often violent way
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NEP
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NEP (New Economic Policy)
• Lenin's New Economic Policy
• He allowed some capitalism even though he was a socialist, because he wanted to improve the Soviet economy
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Treaty of Versailles
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Treaty of Versailles
• treaty that ended WWI
• created at Paris Peace Conference
• treaty greatly punished Germany - they couldn't have a military, they had to pay money (reparations), they lost all their colonies
• effect on Germany of this treaty would lead to WWII
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14 Points
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14 Points
• Woodrow Wilson's plan to fix the world after WWI
• Self-determination and the League of Nations were two of his big ideas
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League of Nations
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League of Nations
• most important part of Wilson's 14 points
• all the nations of the world would work together to solve the world’s problems
• The U.S. never joined
• It was a failure
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Mandate System
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Mandate System
• European countries were given temporary control of territories after WWI to help them eventually become independent
• France (Syria & Lebanon)
• Great Britain (Jordan & Palestine - which becomes Israel)
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Great Depression
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Great Depression
• worldwide economic depression in 1930s
• caused by US stock market crash and effects from WWI
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totalitarian
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totalitarian
• type of government with total and absolute power
• after WWI, many governments like this came about (Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union)
• usually they took away rights but also built their country's economy, military and pride
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fascism
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fascism
• extreme militarism and extreme nationalism
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Nazi Party
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Nazi Party
• political party Hitler was the head of
• believed in total government control
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Fascist Party
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Fascist Party
• An Italian political party that ruled Italy from 1922 - 1943
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5 Year Plans
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Fascist Party
• Stalin had several 5 Year Plans to fix/modernize the Soviet economy
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Great Purge
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• when Stalin killed 20 million Soviets that disagreed with him
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collectivization
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collectivization
• Stalin combined all farms under government control
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appeasement
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appeasement
• giving into the demands of an aggressor to avoid a fight
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Blitzkrieg
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Blitzkrieg
• lightning fast war
• Germany took over Europe as fast as lightning
• ex. war starts when they take over Poland
• Germany defeated France quickly in WWII with the blitzkrieg
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Outline of WWII
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Outline of WWII
1. Germany invades Poland which begins WWII
2. Germany conquers France
3. Germany begins bombing Britain - Battle of Britain - they don't defeat British
4. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor which brings the U.S. into war
5. D-Day - Allies invade Europe
6. U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan
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Yalta Conference
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Yalta Conference
• Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin meet and decide to:1. divide Germany into 4 zones2. create the United Nations3. disarm Germany4. destroy Nazi Party
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United Nations
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United Nations
• place for countries to meet and discuss world problems and create solutions
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Superpowers
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Superpowers
• 2 most powerful countries after WWII – U.S. and USSR
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Atomic Bomb
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Atomic Bomb
• dropped by U.S. on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• caused Japan to surrender during WWII
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Axis Powers
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Axis Powers
• fascists
• Germany, Japan, and Italy
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Allied Powers
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Allied Powers
• U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union
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genocide
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genocide
• deliberate attempt to kill all members of a racial, cultural, ethnic group or political group (or any other group of people that share some a common characteristic)
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anti-Semitism
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anti-Semitism
• anti-Jewish
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Holocaust
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Holocaust
• Hitler's attempt to get rid of all Jews
• called the “Final Solution”
• included gas chambers and concentration camps
• Jews were blamed for losing WWI and for causing the Great Depression
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Armenian Genocide
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Armenian Genocide
• Armenians forcefully deported and killed by the Ottoman Empire
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Great Purge
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Great Purge
• Stalin killed 20 million of his own people
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Killing Fields
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Killing Fields
• Pol Pot, dictator of Cambodia, killed educated people and minorities
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Rwanda
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• Tutsi minority is slaughtered by Hutu majority in 1990s
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Balkans
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Balkans
• Muslims and Croats are slaughtered by Bosnian Serbs
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Cold War
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Cold War
• U.S. vs USSR
• capitalism vs socialism
• West vs East
• NATO vs Warsaw Pact
• called "Cold" because the 2 sides didn't actually fight but worked to stop each other from gaining more influence in the world
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Marshall Plan
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Marshall Plan
• after WWII, the U.S. gave Western Europe $13 billion to help them rebuild and prevent the rise of dictators (which happened after WWI)
• The U.S. wanted to protect democracies and prevent the spread of communism
• named for George Marshall - WWII general and U.S. Secretary of State
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Truman Doctrine
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Truman Doctrine
• President Harry S Truman's ideas that the U.S. would "lead the fight against communism"
• Caused the U.S. to get involved in conflicts around the world
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Containment
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Containment
• Policy of Truman Doctrine
• U.S. would not fight the USSR but would contain communism or stop it from spreading
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NATO
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NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• the alliance between the U.S. and western capitalist countries against communism
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Warsaw Pact
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Warsaw Pact
• alliance between the USSR and the Eastern European countries they dominated
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Berlin Wall
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Berlin Wall
• Soviets built a wall around East Berlin so that its citizens couldn’t leave and go to West Berlin
• a real-life “Iron Curtain”
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• Soviets place nuclear missiles in Cuba
• U.S. orders them to be removed & sets up a naval blockade of Cuba
• It appears as though the Cold War will become a Hot War
• Soviets back down and remove missiles from Cuba
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Iron Curtain
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Iron Curtain
• term used by Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister) to describe the separation between Communist Eastern Europe and Capitalist/Democratic Western Europe
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Korean War
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Korean War
• The U.S. fight North Korea to keep communists from taking over South Korea
• Korea divided on 38th parallel
• U.S. policy of containment is successful
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Vietnam War
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Vietnam War
• The U.S. fight North Vietnam to keep communists from taking over South Vietnam
• The U.S. loses
• Vietnam become communist
• The U.S. policy of containment fails
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Arms Race
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Arms Race
• competition between the U.S. and USSR to create the best military
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mutual assured destruction
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mutual assured destruction
• also called deterrence theory
• knowing that both you and your enemy could destroy each other
• This is the main reason we never went to war with the USSR
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Chinese Civil War
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Chinese Civil War
• Chinese communists - led by Mao Ze Dong
• Mao defeated Chinese nationalists - led by Chiang Kai-shek
• Nationalists form a new Chinese nation on island of Formosa (Taiwan)
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Indian Independence
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Indian Independence
• led by Gandhi against British
• India divided into India, West Pakistan (now Pakistan), and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
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passive resistance
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passive resistance
• fighting without fighting
• boycotts, marches, protests, sit-ins, etc.
• used by Gandhi
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apartheid
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apartheid
• South African policy of separating whites and blacks
• blacks were given everything inferior
• for decades black South Africans struggled for equality
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Developed Countries
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Developed Countries
• better access to technology
• stronger more diverse economies
• higher literacy rates/better education
• better access to good health care
• slower population growth because of family planning/birth control
• usually have capitalism & free markets
• women tend to have equal rights and often work outside the home/get educations
• as countries become developed their citizens want more liberty and rights
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Developing Countries
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Developing Countries
• little access to technology
• weaker economy
• often dependent solely on one crop or one type of work
• weak education systems
• high illiteracy rates
• high population growth b/c:1. less family planning knowledge2. more kids needed to work on farms3. high infant mortality rate makes people try to have more kids
• often controlled by dictators and
• rarely have free markets/capitalism
• women have traditional role - homemaker, caregiver
• people often do not realize what it means to truly have liberty
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European Union
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European Union
• An organization of European countries working together to try to compete with strong economic countries like the U.S. and Japan
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NAFTA
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NAFTA
• North American Free Trade Agreement –
• ex. of a free trade agreement (no taxes on goods made in another country)
• This is between US, Mexico, and Canada.
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WTO
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WTO
• World Trade Organization
• international trade agreement to work towards more world wide free trade
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UN
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UN (United Nations)
• United Nations
• nations of the world work together to solve problems
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IMF
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IMF (International Monetary Fund)
• International Monetary Fund
• makes loans to poor countries trying to develop economically