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Soil Health through
Conservation Cropping Systems
Jane Hardisty, Indiana State ConservationistShannon Zezula, Indiana State Resource Conservationist
Barry Fisher, Indiana State AgronomistRay Archuleta, Conservation Agronomist, Natl. Soil Health Team
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Clear runoff from no-till field
No-till field
Conventional-till field
Sediment runoff from conventional-till field
Is the Buffer working? 6 /2007
Erosion from bare fields 5/2007
Gabe Brown ND
Ray McCormick IN
Steve Groff PA
Dave Brandt OH
Ray Styer NC
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Stable, Sustainable Food
Supply
System No System
“Insurance” against drought, floods,
marketsUn-Managed Pasture Pasture System
Virginia
Missouri
System No SystemIndiana
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Synergistic Benefits of the Systems!
• Nutrient management, no-till, crop rotation and cover crops were implemented as a SYSTEM!
•Annual Nitrate concentrations in tile water dropped from over 30 mg/l to under 10 mg/l
Purdue UniversityDr. Eileen Kladivko
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Worldwide Energy Demand
Lubbock, Texas 2011 = particulate matter
Lake Erie = sediment and algae plumes 2011
BENEFITS OF SOIL HEALTH
Mississippi River Watershed Flood 2011 = flood damage, sediment and
nutrients
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Indiana’s SUCCESS = Measured by Cover Crops
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Indiana led the nation in cover crop acres applied in FY11 with
68,141 acres!
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From Indiana’s Tillage Transect,there were an estimated 180,000+
acres of cover crops planted for crop year 2011!
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0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
INDIANA APPLIED COVER CROP ACRES
TA and Program
Focus
Focused Training and Partners CCSI
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INDIANA’S ROAD TO SUCCESS:
•2010 – present = Conservation Cropping Systems Initiative (CCSI)
• CCSI = workshops, field days, and technical assistance to producers
• To Date = over 130 workshops and presentations;over 7500 farmers and private providers
• The Future = expand and engage the PRIVATE SECTOR andMONITOR/MEASURE benefits
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Conservation Cropping SystemsPUBLIC COST SAVINGS
No System = Higher likelihood for
environmental concerns
SOLUTION = Conservation Cropping
Systems60+ acres treated
$16,000 over 3 years15 hours NRCS staff time
over 3 years
Gully Erosion Repair = 1 acre treated
$16,000 to install40+ hours NRCS staff time
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KEY POINTS TO INDIANA’S SUCCESS:• Soil Health sells conservation to farmers once they understand it
• Farmers need educated and High-Quality technical assistance to successfully overcome the risks
• Conservation Cropping Systems are time-efficient systems that provide significant results
• A consistent commitment from all partners and engaging the private sector is essential
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Soil Health through
Conservation Cropping Systems
Jane Hardisty, Indiana State ConservationistShannon Zezula, Indiana State Resource Conservationist
Barry Fisher, Indiana State AgronomistRay Archuleta, Conservation Agronomist, Natl. Soil Health Team
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Conservation Cropping SystemsWILDLIFE
No System = no cover, minimal
biology Healthy Soil Biota
Solution = Conservation
Cropping Systems
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Conservation Cropping SystemsAIR QUALITY
No System = particulate matters and
emissions
SOLUTION = Conservation
Cropping Systems
Lubbock, Texas 2011 = particulate matter
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Conservation Cropping SystemsWATER QUANTITY
SOLUTION = Conservation Cropping Systems on a watershed
scale
No System = more runoff &
less water-holding capacity
Mississippi River Watershed Flood 2011 = flood damage, sediment and nutrients
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Conservation Cropping SystemsENERGY
No System = multiple tillage
passes = fuel
SOLUTION = Conservation
Cropping Systems
Worldwide Oil Demand
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Founded on Tillage :
•Degrades Air, Water, Wildlife…
•Requires multiple trips across the field = more fuel, bigger machinery, repetitive labor
•Excessive runoff, erosion, compaction & nutrient losses
•Releases Carbon and NOx
•Disrupts soil biology = Lost soil stability, decreased water-holding capacity & lost nutrient cycling
CONVENTIONAL Farming
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CONSERVATION Cropping SystemsFounded on No (Never)-Till / Strip-Till:
•IMPROVES Air, Water, Wildlife…
•Requires only 1 trip across the field = less fuel, less machinery, enables skilled labor
•Limits erosion, compaction & nutrient runoff
•Sequesters Carbon and retains NOx
•Improves soil biology = Stable soil + water-holding capacity & functional nutrient cycling
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COVER CROPS in the SystemYear-Round LIVING Cover:
•Improves Water Quality•Protects the Soil
•Traps Nutrients
•Reduces compaction
•Increases infiltration
•Promotes Soil Biology
•Builds and Sequesters Carbon
Cover crop – no cover
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NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT and PRECISION TECHNOLOGY
in the System•Apply right source and right
amount, at the right time, in the right place based on soil function, biology and crop need
The Soil is NOT a chemistry set
•Minimizes soil disturbance, compaction and overlap
•Reduces nutrient losses and improves soil biological function
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STRATEGIC BUFFERS in the System
•Strategic locations =•Low-Yielding Areas•Filtering Opportunities
•Reduces inputs, filters sediment and nutrients, provides habitat