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Soil-ferro cement water retention pond for individual households
Mohan Raj Bhatta Technical Coordinator
Rubika Shrestha
Planning & Monitoring Officer
WARM-P/HELVETAS
INTERNATIONAL MUS WORKSHOP, KATHMANDU
25-26 Feb 2016
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Introduction: the programme
Programme Objectives: • Increased Access to Use of Water
Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services
• Strengthened Capacity at Local Level • Advocacy and Policy Development
Soil-ferro cement pond implemented area
• WARM-P HELVETAS working for water resources planning & management at local level.
• Introduce soil-cement pond for individual HH in 2011
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Context • Attention need for efficient and effective use of
scare water • Large masonry or RCC tanks costly (labor
intensive) ; Masonry tanks also have problem of leakage due to earth movement
• Plastic Pond: Cost effective but less durability & High risk when water is empty in pond. Not easily repairable
• Complication on equitable use of water : user right dispute
• Lack of ownership : problem on sustainability and functionality specially large community pond
• Need of sustainable water service : Access to water for household income and nutrition
• HELVETAS Nepal developing & adopting soil ferro cement pond as an alternative low-cost techniques
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Soil-ferro cement ponds
Soil-ferro cement ponds with ferro-cement lining: • Complement rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) jars at the
household level by adding low cost storage facilities for MUS • Complements gravity water supply scheme by providing
additional low cost storage facility for MUS
4
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Introduction to Soil Ferro Cement Pond • Pond with Ferro Cement Lining • Soil-cement and sand plastering • one layer chicken wire as an
impervious layer • thin layer of plaster by mixture
of Portland cement and sand
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Type & size • Square or rectangular in plan
with trapezoidal cross-sections. • The side slope :
• 1:2.5 to 1:3 depending on soil type and site
Description of Pond Detail 3 cum 6cum 10cum
Length(cm)
A 150 300 390
B 210 360 450
C 260 410 500
BreathWidth
D 150 175 250
E 210 235 310
F 260 285 360
Height (cm) 90 90 90
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Implementation approach
• Planning: WUMP- identify the MUS schemes of different type • Implementation: Assessment of low cost technique &
construction by household/community • Post Construction : Follow-up after two years of scheme
completion.
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Construction Procedure • Site selection and clearance. • Excavation and furnish side
slope • Soling in floor • Plastering with cement sand
and soil (CSS) mortar • Laying chicken wire mesh • Plastering by mortar
reinforce with sand in cement above chicken wire mesh
• Stone masonry wall at top with mud mortar
• (Install roof catchment , gutter and conveyance system to the pond- For RWH)
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Achievement
202
4
145
9
0
50
100
150
200
250
MUS at HH level MUS at community level
MUS with RWH
Nos. of scheme constructed with Soil ferro cement pond
Kalikot Achham Jajarkot Dailekh
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Achievement
57
4 11
145
0 0 2 0 2 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
3 cum pond 6cum pond 10 cum pond
Different size of pond constructed
with Gravity
With RWH
Combined(RWH+Gravity)
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Cost Analysis:
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Soil fero cement pond
Plastic pond Cement masonary pond
Cost per cum
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Post construction Follow-up Key Findings
Overall functionality of pond during follow up(2015)
total nos. of pond
followed
Pond in very good cond
Need minor repair
Need major repair
94 89 5 0
89
50Pondinverygoodcond
Needminorrepair
Needmajorrepair
37%
44%
19%
Water consumption status during follow up
Full Partial No water
• Follow up conducted in 94 pond constructed during 2011-2013
• Questionnaire with field observation • Conducted in scheme of Daillekh &
Jajarkot • Year of follow up -2015
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Conclusion • The technology is appropriate for small
farmers having small land and hill top and it supports the government announcement towards ‘one village one pond’
• Simple and Low cost technology; system can be developed by using local skill & material.
• High ownership support long term sustainability and functionality
• Storage of additional water reduces the labor required for water collection (particularly for women) which improves sanitation and hygiene & nutrition practices
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Recommendation
• Up scaling of soil ferro cement pond for individual household is necessary for household nutrition and income generation.
• As there is growing water demand for both domestic and productive use and diminishing or fluctuating water supply due to climate change, such technology complement adaptation to local community.
• It can be implemented standalone tapping water directly from spring sources for micro irrigation at community level.
• Systematic study is necessary to assess sustainability and functionality of the technology.
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Reference
Annual Report: WARM-P/HELVETAS Outcome Monitoring Report : LILI/HELVETAS WOCAT database WARM-P Standardization 2003,Revised 2015
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Thank you