Download - Sociolinguistics - Jargon etc
SOSIOLINGUISTICS IN ESL CONTEXTS (BIL 3083)Lecturer: Mr . Nor Azman b. A.Aziz
Prepared by:
• NOREHA BT. ALI (D20091034397)• WAN NURFATIN SYARMEMY BT W.M. AZMUDDIN
(D20091034408)• ANIS ZULAIKHA BT BASRAH (D20091034413)• ASMA AMIRA BT HAMZAH (D20091034422)• SHIKNESVARY A/P KARUPPAIAH (D20091034433)
CAUSES OF LANGUAGE
CHANGE
EXPRESSION OF NEW MEANING
S
REGULARISATION
DESIRE FOR
NOVELTY
EXPRESSION OF NEW MEANING
S
Ideas That Evolve
New Things New Event
Expression of New Meanings
A need to express new meanings in languages
http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/linguistics/change.jsp
‘’ English language evolves rapidly in just a few centuries ‘’
Speakers adopt new words, sentence structures and
sounds, spread them through the community and
transmit them to the next generation.
NEW THINGS
• Differences between generations and the era • New technologies, industries, products and experiences simply require new words
Examples : Technology # PC – personal computer CPU – central processing unitsDisease # Bird flu AIDS
NEW EVENT
• Common and spectacular events • Acknowledged by others
Examples :
SUMMIT # Meeting between heads of state
SUPERBOWL # Spectacular sports events
GRANDPRIX #
IDEAS THAT EVOLVE
•Words for new ideas Examples : # Edutainment (education + entertainment)# Smog (smoke + fog ) # Sitcom ( situation + comedy )
• Adopted ideas from other societies along with words that name them
Borrowed words - borrowed words soon to cease as borrowings once it becomes common in use.
Examples : # French words in use in English
# French words
Discotheque
Amateur Unique
Double Entendre
A la carte
DESIRE FOR NOVELTY
Jargon Slang
JARGON
• Special words and phrases which are used by particular groups of people, especially in
their work
• An outlandish, technical language of a particular profession, group, or trade
http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm
LINGUISTIC ROLE OF JARGON
Examples
1. Medical profession :Agonal – used to describe a major negative
change in a person’s condition, usually preceding immediate death
2. Computer programmers:Bug- a mistake or problem in a computer
program
http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/jargon.htm
JARGON
1. ARGOT 2. EUPHEMISM
3. IN-GROUP MARKERS
SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON
1. ARGOTWords and expressions which are used by small groups
of people and which are not easily understood by other people
A specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular social class or groups, especially one that
functions outside the law
Jargon may play the roll of an argot to keep others from understanding
http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/argoterm.htm
SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON
2. EUPHEMISM A word or phrase used to avoid saying unpleasant or
offensive word
Jargon may be intended to make objectionable meanings less objectionable
Examples: • senior citizen for old person• preowned car for used car
• pass away for die
SOCIAL ROLES OF JARGON
3. IN-GROUP MARKERSEnabling members of the occupational
group to announce themselves as such, and to recognise each other by how they talk.
If you are teachers…
Slang
Specialized vocabulary of social groups
Alternative ways of saying things
Purposes of use: Getting attentionValue the cleverness/cuteness
SLANG WORD REFERENCE TYPE OF SLANG
wheels car synecdoche
rad radical clipping
ID identification Acronym
LOL ? ?
BBM ? ?
Slang
How do you ‘call’ your laptop?
LAPPY!!!
REGULARISATION
morphology
syntax
lexicon
• Child learners favor the more regular form of words
• dreamt – dreamed, lit – lighted, fish – fishes• Adult too, cannot be expected to know their
language perfectly• They extend the general rule: strived, lighted (past participle)
morphology
REGULARISATION IN THE LEXICON (Leveling)
Regularisation
• Replacing irregular forms with regular ones.• E.g. (a) gooses instead of geese (b) cow/kine with cows• Erronous regularisation also known as
overregularisation.
A. Leveling
• Lexicon - vocabulary • Loss of secondary form as a result
of extending productive rules.• Contrast between different form
are levelled
Leveling
Basic form
• Wake• Strive • Sow
Irregular form & leveled form
• Woken Waked • Striven Strived • Sown Sowed
B. Syntax
• Sentence structure a) Hopefully, the train will be on time.
b) They waited hopefully for the train. c) Hopefully, they waited for the train.
References
• http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/
• http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/filologie/avram/3.pdf
• http://www.ehess.fr/lscp/persons/anne/master/Hudson-Kam-Newport2005LLD.pdf
• http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_L.html• http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3443
11?uid=3738672&uid=2&uid=4&sid=55868463503
• http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=lin_facpub
• http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/893-0107/893-KRASKA-SZLENK-0-0.PDF
THANK YOU