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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Social Media in Political and Natural Crises: Tools, Incidents & the Future
Brett van Niekerk (UKZN)
Trishana Ramluckan (MANCOSA & UKZN)
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Introduction
• Social media has been used effectively in political crises and natural disasters
• It may be suitable for Africa due to its accessibility on smart mobile devices, providing access to information on the move
• As with most technologies, there may be limitations to its use & effectiveness
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Presentation Outline
• Overview of social media & crisis communication
• Examples of social media use in crises, peace building, and conflict
• Tools
• Considerations for the future
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• A crisis is a severe interruption in the ‘normal’ economic, cultural, social and political life that threaten the objectives and continuation of the social structure, organisation or country.
• Crises precipitate the increase in communication thereby presenting complex information environments.
• Suggested characteristics: – Timeliness
– Relevancy & conciseness
– Accuracy
– Reach large percentage of target audience
Overview: Crisis Communication
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Social media is rapidly becoming a ubiquitous information and communication tool
• Unique features: – User-generated content – User collaboration – Two-way communication – Wide access
• Social media is regarded as a useful tool for the rapid dissemination of information providing that it is properly organised to meet the objectives and goals for the specific agency
Overview: Social Media
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
INCIDENTS & EXAMPLES Social Media in Crises
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Canadian seal hunt; 14,000 visitors. • Pressure to provide HIV/AIDS drugs in Thailand. • Amnesty International. • Tcktcktck • Invisible Children / Kony • Kenya
• Election hate speech (SMS)
• Monitoring for election fraud
• Monitoring/tracking pirates & insurgents in Africa
Examples: Campaigns
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Examples
Philippines http://www.life.com/image/1316978
Moldova Iran
Urumqi/China
UK Riots
Occupy & Anonymous
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Examples
Mozambique
N. Africa & Middle East... Egypt
Tunisia Uganda
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Haiti • Twitter to land plane
• Updating of maps / location of refugees
• Japan
Examples: Disaster Management
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/twitter-land-plane-aid-haiti-earthquake-victims-article-1.458599
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Israel convoy incident
• Wikileaks
• Soldiers posting on social media compromise operations
• Soldiers posting controversial images during and after military service
Examples: Security Issues
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Global awareness of local issues
Example
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
TOOLS Social Media in Crises
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Management
• HootSuite • Tweetdeck • CoTweet • Spredfast • Engage121 • Awareness social
marketing software
• Wildfire • buddy media • ObjectiveMarketers • SocialTalk • Buzzom Premium
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Management: HootSuite
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Management: HootSuite
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Monitoring
• Addict-o-matic • Social Mention • SiloBreaker • Google Insights • Google Analytics • Watch that Page • Info Minder
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Monitoring: Social Mention
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Monitoring: Silo Breaker
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Campaign Monitoring: Addict-o-Matic
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Ushahidi Platform
http://www.ushahidi.com/products
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Ushahidi: Crowdmap
https://crowdmap.com/
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Social Media in Crises
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
African Cyber-Space
Source: Song (2012) http://manypossibilities.net/african-undersea-cables/
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Complex systems tend to: – Self-organise – Period of upheaval between to states (crisis?)
• Socio-political systems are complex • Social media has complex characteristics
• Two complex systems interacting • Difficult to predict effectiveness • Context important
Complexity
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• Can’t predict impact – social context important
• Security & malicious use
• Penetration in Africa – Internet: ~15.6% in 2012 – Facebook: ~4.8% in 2012 – Mobile: ~23% in 2006 to ~80% in 2010 – Mobile broadband: ~1.8% in 2010 to ~3.3% in 2011
Sources: International Telecommunications Union http://www.internetworldstats.com/africa.htm#dz http://www.mobilemonday.net/reports/MobileAfrica_2011.pdf
Limitations
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
• Social media useful • Not a panacea
– Can be misused – Context is important
• Social media combined with other media is very powerful (eg Kony)
• Can be used for direct community involvement or indirect solutions (raising awareness)
Conclusion
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UKZN INSPIRING GREATNESS
Brett van Niekerk Trishana Ramluckan [email protected]
031 260 8521 [email protected]
031 300 7200
Questions / Comments