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OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE I
SOCIAL ECONOMY
Social Economy
Historical evolution Current field of activity Identification and institutional
recognition Groups included in the SE
concept
Historical Evolution
Unifiying concept for social economy
Popular associations and cooperatives
Historical Evolution
Middle Ages
Big growth of charities and mutual aid
Historical Evolution
19th century
Popular associations, mutualities and cooperatives, through
working class
Historical Evolution
UK FRIENDLY SOCIETIES (1790)
All Europe Mutualities Latin America mutualist
movement
Historical Evolution
end of 18th century first signs of cooperativism in UK
emancipation of the working classes
Historical Evolution Italy: mutual aid societies, very
numerous in the second third of the nineteenth century
Società Operaia di Torino
Magazzino di Previdenza di Torino (first consumer cooperative)
Historical EvolutionSPAIN
Barcelona association of weavers
Historical EvolutionFRANCE
Origin of the SE as inseparable manifestation of popular associative movements
1830 SE treaty
Current field of activity
SE was relatively important in Europe during the first third of the 20th century
Current field of activity
1945-1975 Keynesian model
traditional private capitalist sector & the public sector
Current field of activity
last quarter of the 20th century renewed interest in the typical
SE organizations
Current field of activity
interest arisen by difficulties in market economies:
- massive long-term unemployment- social exclusion- education & health
Current field of activity
main studies SE significant growth in Europe
based on entities dedicated to ‘merit goods’
Current field of activity
for example social enterprises, such as cooperatives
207.000 cooperatives
direct employment4,7 million people
108 million partners
Current field of activity
health and social protection mutualities
assistance & coverage+120 million people
insurance mutual 24% market share
Current field of activity
associations(50% UE citizens)
direct employment8,6 million people
represent GDP 4%
Identification and institutional recognition
Current identification of SE France ’70s (CNLAMCA)
Identification and institutional recognition
The most recent conceptual definition of the SE ‘Charter principles of the social economy’
Identification and institutional recognition
‘Charter principles of the social economy’
- primacy of the individual and the social objective over capital;- voluntary and open membership;- democratic control by its members;
Identification and institutional recognition
‘Charter principles of the social economy’- combination of the interests of user members and/or the general interest;- defense and application of the principles of solidarity and responsibility;- management autonomy and independence from public authorities;
Identification and institutional recognition
political and legal recognition- FRANCE interministerial delegation (1981)- SPAIN SE law (2011)- European Parliament & CESE
Groups included in the SE concept
systems of national accounts (accounting)
SCN 1993 SEC 95
Groups included in the SE concept Institutional sectors according SEC
1993 & SEC 951) non-financial corporations 2) financial institutions 3) government 4) households 5) non-profit institutions serving households
Groups included in the SE concept
in national account terms, we can divide the SE entities (*CIRIEC):
1) market or business sub-sector 2) non-market producer sub-sector
Groups included in the SE concept
“both are organizations of people who conduct an activity with the main objective to meet the needs of people”
1) market or business sub-sector 2) non-market producer sub-sector
Groups included in the SE conceptnon-market producer sub-sector
associations and foundations Production free or at no
significant prices
Groups included in the SE conceptnon-market producer sub-sector
nonprofit organizations in the strict sense
principle of non-profit distribution
Groups included in the SE conceptmarket or business sub-sector
created to meet the needs of its members principle of self-help
production destined for sale benefits can be distributed
Groups included in the SE conceptmarket or business sub-sector
COOPERATIVES
self help autonomy of decision democratic organization
Groups included in the SE conceptmarket or business sub-sector
MUTUALITIES
health and social protection mutualities
mutual insurance
Groups included in the SE conceptmarket or business sub-sector
BUSINESS GROUPS
when a company, a coalition of companies or any other entity, controls a business group
Groups included in the SE conceptmarket or business sub-sector
SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN SERVICE TO SE INSTITUTIONS
OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE I – PART II
SOCIAL ECONOMY
- Legal framework in Spain- Social Economy Law- Types of organizations
SOCIAL ECONOMY
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN SPAIN Law 5/2011, March 29, on
Social Economy. Without precedent at world level.
Law 31/2015, September 9. Update the original law.
SOCIAL ECONOMY LAW – Social Economy definition
business and economic activities
private field social or economic public
interest principles*
SE LAW – PRINCIPLES Supremacy of persons and social
order on capital. Application of the results based on the
contributed work. Promotion of internal solidarity and
local development. Independence regarding public
authorities.
SE LAW – PRINCIPLES1) Supremacy of persons and social order on capital.
democratic and participatory management
contributions: work more important than capital2) Application of the results based on the contributed work.
SE LAW – PRINCIPLES3) Promotion of internal solidarity and local development.
local development equal opportunities for men and
women4) Independence regarding public authorities.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – COOPERATIVES:
business organization based on democratic structure and functioning.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – COOPERATIVES:
CLASSFICATION:- 1st level: minimum three partners- 2nd level: as partners at least two
cooperatives Depending on the ACTIVITY: asociated
work, education, agricultural, sanitary……
Evolution of the number of cooperatives – 3rd quarter 2015
Evolution of the number of workers – 3rd quarter 2015
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – WORKER-OWNED
COMPANIES: most of the capital is owned by the workers
high potential for business creation
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – WORKER-OWNED
COMPANIES:Characteristics:
1) most of the capital workers with indefinite contract2) public limited company (“S.A.”) or a limited liability company (“S.L.”)
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – WORKER-OWNED
COMPANIES:Characteristics:
3) limitation on the number of hours worked4) preference in the transfer of shares
Sectoral distribution of worker-owned companies workers
Geographical distribution of worker-owned companies
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – MUTUALITIES
insurance activities, voluntary nature overlap between the figures of insured
and partner
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – SPECIAL EMPLOYMENT
CENTRES objective promote employment for disabled workers
more than 70% of total workers
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS – JOB PLACEMENT
COMPANIES objective facilitate access to employment of disadvantaged groups