Download - Sneha Capstone
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
CAPSTONE PROJECT -1 REPORT
ON
AUTOMATIC MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING SYSTEM
(DOMAIN-4)Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelors of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering (HONs.)
Under the guidance Submitted by:
Name: Mr. Bharat Sanklecha Sneha Kusuma
Reg no. 10812690
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Certificate
This is to Certify that Sneha Kusuma bearing registration no. 10812690 has
completed capstone project - I titled Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge the present
work is the result of her original investigation and study. No part of the
dissertation has ever been submitted for any other degree at any university.
The dissertation is fit for submission and the partial fulfillment of the conditionfor the award of bachelors degree of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(Hons.) .
Signature and the name of the research supervisor
Mr. Bharat Sanklecha
Designation
School
Lovely professional university
Phagwara, punjab
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Acknowledgement
I take immense pleasure in thanking Mr. Mayank Gupta (HOD) Domain 4,
and Mr. Dushyant Kumar (project coordinator) for having permitted me to
Carry out this project work.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Internal Guide,
Mr. Bharat Sanklecha for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped
me in completing the project work, in time.
Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to the Head of the Project and
Project Assisatants, SMS and VSK Associates for their encouragement and
cooperation in carrying out the project work.
Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my
beloved parents for their blessings, my friends/classmates for their help and
wishes for the successful completion of this project.
Sneha Kusuma
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Abstract
This project is a small replica of a real time automatic multilevel car parking
system based on PLC technology. This system consists of three floors. Ground
floor consists ofentrance and exit areas and 1st
, 2nd
floor consists of a lift area and
five slots for the car parking.
We would be using 8051 microcontroller for the controlling process. The
system would also contain sensors such as IR sensor and LDR sensor. The parking
and the retrieving of the cars is done by using SMS service via. Serial
communication.
The process goes like a single car at a time is placed in the lift, lift moves to the
1st
floor if any empty slot is found the car is placed there, if no empty slot then the
lift moves to the 2nd
floor. If there is no slots a sentence is displayed on the LCD
that the PARKING IS FULL.
In case of retrieval a code is sent to the controller using serial communication
and the controller matches the code with the slot code if the code matches then
the car is retrieved.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Table of contents
1. Introduction.2. Block diagram3. Block Diagram Description4. Main Part or Features of the project.5. Circuit diagrams or Layout.6. Hardware description
Ground level1. Lcd section2. Serial communication section3. Lift section4. Sensor section5. Roller section
First level1. Horizontal section2. Slot section3. Sensor section
Second level1. Horizontal section2. Slot section3. Sensor section
7. Algorithm8. The original programming code for the project9. Future scope and applications10.Reference and data sheets11.Bibliography
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Introduction
Automatic multistoried car parking system helps to minimize the car parking
area. In the modern world, where parking-space has become a very big problemand in the era of miniaturization, it is become a very crucial necessity to avoid the
wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. In places where
more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in reducing
wastage of space.
This Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after
floor and thus reducing the space used. Here any number of cars can be parked
according to the requirement. These makes the systems modernized and even aspace-saving one. This idea is developed using 8051 Microcontroller. Here
program is written according to this idea using 8051.
Its basically a mechanical device that multiplies parking capacity inside a
building or a parking lot. Parking systems are generally powered by electric
motors or hydraulic pumps that move vehicles into a storage position. Automated
car parking systems are likely to be more cost effective when compared to
traditional parking garages.
Automatic multi-story automated car park systems are less expensive per
parking slot, since they tend to require less building volume and less ground area
than a conventional facility with the same capacity. Both automated car parking
systems and automated parking garage systems reduce pollutioncars are not
running or circling around while drivers look for parking spaces.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Block Diagram
Ground level
Port c port a&b
Figure 1: block diagram for the ground level
Microcontroller
P3 P1
P0P2
RS 232 MAX 232 ULN 2003A
STEPPER MOTOR
8255 A
ULN 2003A LCD
74LS373
STEPPER MOTOR
SENSOR
Power supply
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First level and Second level
P1 P0
P0
P2
Figure 2: block diagram of the first level and second level
MICROCONTROLLER
2 STEPPER MOTORS
74LS373
8255
Sensors ( IR SENSOR, LDR
SENSOR , LED)
Port A (1 STEPPER MOTOR),
Port B (1 STEPPER MOTOR),
Port C (1 STEPPER MOTOR)
Power supply
2 ULN 2003A
IC (line driver)
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Block Diagram Description
This project consists of three different 8051 microcontroller, each for each
different floor; these would be synchronized using the sensors in the differentfloors placed distinctly.
GROUND FLOOR
PORT 0: To thois port 8255A (PPI) is interfaced using 74LS373 address decoder IC,
7404( NOT gate), 7430(8-input NAND gate) and to the 2 ports of the 8255 Port A
and Port B one LCD is connected and to the Port C one stepper motor is
connected using the line driver IC ULN 2003A. From the Port 3 of the 8051
microcontroller RD (bar) and WR (bar) are used for the read and write signals to
the 8255A IC.
74LS373:consists of eight latches with 3-state output for bus organized system
applications. The flip-flops appear transparent to the data (data changes
asynchronously) when latch enable (LE) is HIGH. When LE is LOW, the data that
meets the setup times is latched. Data appears on the bus when the output
enable (OE) is LPW. When OE is HIGH the bus output is in the high impedance
state.
Reference 1: see figure 4 in references and datasheet
7404(NOT gate): The 7404 IC package contains six independent positive logic
NOT GATES (INVERTERS). Pins 14 and 7 provide power for all six logic gates.
Reference 2: see to figure 5 in references and datasheet
7430 (8 input NAND gate):
Reference 3: see to figure 6 in references and datasheet
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8255A: The Intel 8255 (or i8255) Programmable Peripheral Interface chip is a
peripheral chip originally developed for the Intel 8085 microprocessor, and as
such is a member of a large array of such chips, known as the MCS-85 Family. This
chip was later also used with the Intel 8086 and its descendants. It was later made
(cloned) by many other manufacturers. It is made in DIP 40 and PLCC 44 pins
encapsulated versions.
Reference 4: see to figure 7 in references and datasheet
LCD: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual
display, video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals
(LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.
They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors,television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are
common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks,
watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT)
displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes
than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot
suffer image burn-in.
Reference 5: see to figure 8 in references and datasheet
PORT 1: One single steeper motor is interfaced to the Port 1 of the 8051
microcontroller. The stepper motor is interfaced using a line driver IC ULN
2003A.
ULN 2003A: These IC are high voltage, high current Darlington transistor array,
each consists of seven npn Darlington pairs that features high voltage outputs
with common cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads. The collector
current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500mA. The Darlington pairs can be
parallel for higher current capability.
Applications: Relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers, line
drivers and logic buffers.
Reference 6: see to figure 9 in references and datasheet
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
STEPPER MOTOR: The stepper motor used for this purpose is a unipolar stepper
motor. A unipolar stepper motor has one winding with center tap per phase. Each
section of windings is switched on for each direction of magnetic field. Since in
this arrangement a magnetic pole can be reversed without switching the direction
of current, the commutation circuit can be made very simple (e.g. a single
transistor) for each winding. Typically, given a phase, the center tap of each
winding is made common: giving three leads per phase and six leads for a typical
two phase motor. Often, these two phase commons are internally joined, so the
motor has only five leads.
Reference 7: see to figure 10 in references and datasheet
PORT 2: Sensors which are used in the system are all connected to the Port 2 of
the 8051 microcontroller. The sensors used are IR SENSOR, LDR SENSOR, and
LEDs are connected.
IR SENSOR:Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength
longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red
light at 0.74 micrometers ( m), and extending conventionally to 300 m. These
wavelengths correspond to a frequency range of approximately 1 to 400 THz, and
include most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature.
Microscopically, IR light is typically emitted or absorbed by molecules when theychange their rotational-vibration movements.
Sunlight at zenith provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter
at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible
light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.
Reference 8: see to figure 11 in references and datasheet
LDR SENSOR:
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor
circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000
000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
The animation opposite shows that when the torch is turned on, the resistance of
the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through it.
Reference 9: see to figure 12 in references and datasheet
PORT 3: This port is connected to MAX 232 for serial communication and further
connected to the RS 232 which is also called DB-9. And the RD and WR pins of the
Port 3 are also used for the read and write signals to the 8255.
MAX 232: The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an
RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and
RTS signals.
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single
+ 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it
useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any
voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to
be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case.
Reference 11: see to figure 14 in references and datasheet
RS 232:
In telecommunications, RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is the traditional
name for a series of standards for serial binary single-ended data and control
signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data
Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports. The
standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning
of signals, and the physical size and pin out of connectors. The current version of
the standard is TIA-232-F Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and DataCircuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued
in 1997.
Reference 12: see to figure 15 in references and datasheet
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First and second level
Port 0: 8255A is connected to this port using ICs 74Ls373, 7404, 7430.
Port 1: 2 stepper motors are connected to the port 1 of the 8051 using 2 ULN
2003A line driver IC.
Port 2: the sensors have been connected to this port. The sensors connected are
2 IR sensor, 2 LDR sensor and 3 Leds.
Port 3: only 2 pins have been used of this port that is RD(bar) and WR(bar) pin to
give read and write signals to the 8255 connected to the port 0.
These have been already described earlier
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Main part or features of the project
Main part of the project is the
1. Lift2. Roller ( for the movement of the car)3. Sensors4. Stepper motors5. Serial communication
Components
Ground level
y Crystal oscillator (11.0592) 1y Resistor (1K) - 1y Capacitors (10uf, 33pf) - 5,2y Leds - 3y Switch -1y IR sensor -1y
LDR sensor -1y RS 232 (DB-9) -1y MAX 232 - 1y Stepper motor - 2y ULN 2003A -2y Potentiometer ( 10K) -1y LCD -1y 8255A -1y 7430 (8-input NAND gate) -1y 7404(NOT gate) -1y 74Ls373( address decoder) -1y 8051 microcontroller -1y Power supply
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First level
y 8051 microcontroller -1y 74Ls373 -1y 8255A -1y 7404 (NOT gate) -1y 7430 (NAND gate) -1y ULN 2003A -5y Stepper motor -5y Led -1y IR sensor -2y LDR sensor -2y Crystal oscillator -1y Capacitor (10uf, 33pf) -1,2y Resistor (1K) -1y Power supply
Second level
y 8051 microcontroller -1y 74Ls373 -1y 8255A -1y 7404 (NOT gate) -1y 7430 (NAND gate) -1y ULN 2003A -5y Stepper motor -5y Led -1y IR sensor -2y LDR sensor -2y Crystal oscillator -1y Capacitor (10uf, 33pf) -1,2y Resistor (1K) -1y Power supply
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Circuit Diagram or Layout
Ground level
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First level and Second level
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Hard ware Description
Ground level
1. LCD section:The LCD is introduced so, to keep updating the customers about the parking
facility and availability. In case the parking is full the LCD system display that the
parking is full
2. Serial communicationSerial communication is used so that the control room can send commands for
the retrieval or the parking of the car. Its same as the SMS service this is done
using MAX 232 and RS 232 (DB-9) which is connected to the laptop using serial
driver which sends messages to the MAX 232 and then to the 8051microcontroller.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
3. Lift section:The lift is the main section as the lift takes the car to the levels and the brings the
car back , the lift segment consists of a stepper motor which moves the lift up and
down, and inside it is roller section and sensor section which explained later.
Switch is used to indicate that the car has been placed inside.
Lift
liftllll
Car is placed switch
Inside on the rollers
Roller section
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
4. Sensor sectionSensor section consists of 1 IR sensor and 1 LDR sensor. This section also contains
2 leds. The main purpose of the sensors is
Firstly the IR sensor this is used to keep check always on the car if it is still in the
lift or has been moved out on the levels or not.
Secondly the LDR is used to get information from the different microcontrollers at
the different levels if there is any vacant slot in that level or not.
Side view of the lift
IR sensor ss
LEDs
LDR sensor on the front
Side of the lift
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
5. Roller sectionThe main purpose of the roller section is to make the movement of the car easy.
Te motive is to take the car up move it to the level and then to the slot, all this is
done through the use of the rollers. The rollers are the mechanical attachments atone end the rollers are connected to the stepper motor for the precise motion.
And these are connected to each other through belts.
Side view of the roller
Stepper motor
Is connected
Top view
Stepp
er
motor
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First level and Second level
1. Horizontal sectionThe horizontal section use is for going to the different slots in the level, which
basically means the horizontal movement of the car to the particular empty slot
sequentially. This platform also contains a roller on it to place the car in the slot.
Forward motion
b
Horizontal motion
Stepper
motor
Stepper
motor
wheel
wheel
wheel
wheel
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
2. Slot sectionThe slot sections only contain rollers in it with both forward and backward
motion. And a barrier at the end with sponge so that the car even if hits the wall
doesnt get damage at all.
Stepper
motor
Sponge barrier
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
3. Sensor sectionSensor section is a small platform with the horizontal section used mainly in the
detection and the synchronization of the 3 microcontrollers in the system. This
section contains 2 IR sensors, 2 LDR sensor, 1 LED in it.
IR sensor LDR sensor
LED
Stepp
er
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Model for first and second floor
Figure: model for the depiction of the 1st
and 2nd
level construction
Dummy slotDummy slotDummy slot
horizontal
lift
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Algorithm
Ground level
Step 1: customer places the car in the lift and presses the switch to park the car.
Step 2: lift moves upwards for 1st
level and checks for the signal at LDR for empty
slots.
Step 3: if yes then rollers move and car is placed in the level and the lift moves
downwards.
Step 4: if after 5min IR sensor present in lift status doesnt change then the lift
goes up for 2nd level.
Step 5: step 3 is repeated if LDR status changes.
Step 6: if after 5 min the IR sensor status does not change the lift goes down and
the message is displayed on the LCD parking is full
Step 7: for retrieval process a message is sent to the DB-9 to microcontroller using
serial communication.
Step 8: the message contains a no. which is compare with the slot no.
Step 9: according to the slot no. it goes to the 1st
and 2nd
level, and level different
microcontrollers in the levels place the car in the lift.
Step 10: lift brings the car to the ground level to the customer.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First and Second level
Step 1: there are 2 IR sensors in the each floor. 1 IR sensor is for seeing if lift is
present in that level or not.
Step 2: if lift is present then if it is for retrieval or parking purpose
Step 3: if status of 2nd
IR sensor changes then it means parking then if the 1st
slot
is empty then LED glows, if 2nd
slot is empty then also LED glows.
Step 4: when LED glows the car is placed on the horizontal section and taken to
slot 1aor slot 2, whichever is empty.
Step 5: if the status of 2nd
IR sensor does not change then the retrieval process
taken place.
Step 6: if the car to be retrieved is in the slot 1. The status of 1st
LDR changes out
of the two and the car is retrieved from the slot using horizontal section.
Step 7: if car is in slot 2, the status of the 2nd
LDR changes and step 6 is repeated.
Step 8: then the retrieved car is placed in the lift.
Step 9: lift moves down to the ground level, and the customer receives the car.
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
The original programming code for the
project
Ground level
org 00h
porta equ 4000
portb equ 4001
portc equ 4002
cr equ 4003
chkswh:jb p2.0,chkswh ; checking the switch placed outside the lift for the
customers
sjmp lift ; jump to the lift loop to move the lift up
lift: mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
l1: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,l1 ;
sjmp chkst ;short jump to the next function
chkst: jnb p2.1,chkst ;checking the status of the ldr for the empty slots in the
floor for 5 sec
sjmp park ;to bring the car inside the floor
park: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h ;portc
mov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep: movx @r1,a
rr a
acall delay
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
djnz r2,rep
sjmp nxtflr
chkir: jb p2.2,nxtflr ; checking the status of the ir sensor
sjmp dwnflr ; if not changed then move to next level
nxtflr:acall delay
mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
l2: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,l2 ;
sjmp chkst2 ;short jump to the next function
dwnflr:acall delay
mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
l3: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;for ground floor
djnz r0,l3 ;
sjmp chkswh ;short jump to the next function
chkst2:jnb p2.1,chkst2 ;checking the status of the ldr for the empty slots in
the floor for 5 sec
sjmp park1 ;to bring the car inside the floor
park1: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,amov r1,#4002h ;portc
mov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep1: movx @r1,a
rr a
acall delay
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
djnz r2,rep
sjmp retrn
retrn: jb p2.2,lcd
sjmp rr: acall delay
mov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
l4: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;for ground floor
djnz r0,l4 ;
sjmp chkswh
lcd: mov a,#80h
mov r0,#4003h
mov @r0,a
mov dptr,#mycom ;to display data
c1: clr a ;
movc a,@a+dptr ;
acall comnwrt ;
acall delay ;
jazz send_dat ;inc dptr ;
sjmp c1 ;
send_dat:
mov dptr,#mydata ;
d1: clr a ;
movc a,@a+dptr ;
acall datawrt ;
acall delay ;
inc dptr ; jazz j1 ;
sjmp d1 ;
j1: ljmp chkswh ;
comnwrt: mov r0,#4000h
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
movx @r0,a
mov r0,#4001h
mov a,#00000100b
movx @r0,a
nopnop
mov a,#00000000b
movx @r0,a
ret
datawrt: mov r0,#4000h
movx @r0,a
mov r0,#4001h
mov a,#00000101bmovx @r0,a
nop
nop
mov a,#00000001b
movx @r0,a
ret
mycom: db 38h,0eh,01,06,81h,0 ;
mydata:db "parking is full",0 ;
serial:mov tmod,#20h
mov th1,#0fah
mov scon,#50h
setb tr1
mov dptr,#mydat
h_1: clr a
movc a,@a+dptr
acall send
inc dptrsjmp h_1
send: mov sbuf,a
h_2: jnb ti,h_2
clr ti
ret
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recv: jnb ri, recv
mov a,sbuf
clr ri
sjmp retrieve
ret
mydat: db "we are ready",0
retrieve: cjne a,#31,f2
setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the car
setb p2.3 ; flashing the 1st led for slot 1 in 1st floor
mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr1: mov p1,a ;rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,lr1
sjmp roll1
roll1: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h ;portcmov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep2: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delay
djnz r2,rep2
sjmp back
back:
acall delaymov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr3: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;for ground floor
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
djnz r0,lr3
ljmp chkswh
f2: cjne a,#32,s1
setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the carsetb p2.4 ;flashing the 2nd led indicating the 2nd slot in the 1st
floor
mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr4: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,lr4
sjmp roll1roll2: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h ;portc
mov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep3: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delaydjnz r2,rep3
sjmp back1
back1:
acall delay
mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr5: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;acall delay ;for ground floor
djnz r0,lr5
ljmp chkswh
s1: cjne a,#41,s2
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setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreivalof the car
setb p2.3 ; flashing the 1st led for slot 1 in 2st floor
mov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr6: mov p1,a ;rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,lr6
sjmp roll3
roll3: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h ;portcmov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep4: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delay
djnz r2,rep4
sjmp back3
back3:
acall delaymov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr7: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;for ground floor
djnz r0,lr7
ljmp chkswh
s2: cjne a,#32,dashsetb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the car
setb p2.4 ;flashing the 2nd led indicating the 2nd slot in the 1st
floor
mov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
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lr8: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;for 1st floor
djnz r0,lr8
sjmp roll4roll4: mov r2,#70h ;random variable
mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd
mov r1,#4003h ;control register
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h ;portc
mov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence
rep6: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delaydjnz r2,rep6
sjmp back4
back4:
acall delay
mov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion
mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor
lr9: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;acall delay ;for ground floor
djnz r0,lr9
dash: ljmp chkswh
DELAY:
MOV R3,#0FFHNEXT: MOV R4,#0FFH
AGAIN: DJNZ R4,AGAIN
DJNZ R3,NEXT
RET
End
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
First level and Second level
org 00h
root: jb p2.1,root
sjmp parkcar
parkcar: jnb p2.4,s1 ;indicating the retreival of the car
sjmp nxt
s1: clr a ;
cjne a,31h,park12 ;
setb p2.1 ;
mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h ;movx @r1,a ;
mov r1,#4000h ;
mov r2,#70h ;
mov a,#88h ;
rep: movx @r1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r2,rep ;
sjmp hozmo ;
hozmo: mov r3,#20h ;
mov a,#88h ;
loop: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r3,loop
sjmp slot ;
slot: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4001h
mov r2,#70h
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
mov a,#88h
rep1: movx @r1,a
rr a
acall delay
djnz r2,rep1mov a,#0ffh
mov 31h,a
sjmp root
park12: clr a
cjne a,32h,dash
setb p2.1
mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003hmovx @r1,a
mov r1,#4000h
mov r2,#70h
mov a,#88h
rep2: movx @r1,a
rr a
acall delay
djnz r2,rep2
sjmp hozmo1
hozmo1: mov r3,#20h
mov a,#88h
loop2: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r3,loop2
sjmp slot2
slot2: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h
movx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h
mov r2,#70h
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
mov a,#88h
rep3: movx @r1,a
rr a
acall delay
djnz r2,rep3mov a,#0ffh
mov 32h,a
dash: ljmp root
nxt: jnb p2.3,nxt2 ;indicating the 1st slot
sjmp nxt1
nxt1: mov r3,#20h
mov a,#88hl1: mov p1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r3,l1
sjmp rolbck
rolbck: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h
movx @r1,amov r1,#4001h
mov r2,#70h
mov a,#88h
again: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delay
djnz r2,again
mov a,#00h
mov 31h,asjmp hrolbck
hrolbck: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h ;
movx @r1,a ;
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
mov r1,#4000h ;
mov r2,#70h ;
mov a,#88h ;
repp: movx @r1,a ;
rl a ;acall delay ;
djnz r2,repp ;
sjmp hrbck
hrbck: mov r3,#20h ;
mov a,#88h ;
loo: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;djnz r3,loo
sjmp backlft ;
backlft: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h ;
movx @r1,a ;
mov r1,#4000h ;
mov r2,#70h ;
mov a,#88h ;repp1: movx @r1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r2,repp1 ;
ljmp root ;
nxt2: jnb p2.2,d1
sjmp retr2
retr2: mov r3,#20h
mov a,#88h
lp1: mov p1,a ;
rr a ;
acall delay ;
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
djnz r3,lp1
sjmp rolbck1
rolbck1: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003hmovx @r1,a
mov r1,#4002h
mov r2,#70h
mov a,#88h
again2: movx @r1,a
rl a
acall delay
djnz r2,again2
mov a,#00hmov 32h,a
sjmp hrolbck2
hrolbck2: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h ;
movx @r1,a ;
mov r1,#4000h ;
mov r2,#70h ;
mov a,#88h ;repp2: movx @r1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r2,repp2 ;
sjmp hrbck1
hrbck1: mov r3,#20h ;
mov a,#88h ;
loo1: mov p1,a ;rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r3,loo1
sjmp backlft1 ;
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
backlft1: mov a,#80h
mov r1,#4003h ;
movx @r1,a ;
mov r1,#4000h ;
mov r2,#70h ;mov a,#88h ;
repp12: movx @r1,a ;
rl a ;
acall delay ;
djnz r2,repp12 ;
d1: ljmp root ;
DELAY:
MOV R3,#0FFHNEXT: MOV R4,#0FFH
AGAIN1: DJNZ R4,AGAIN1
DJNZ R3,NEXT
RET
end
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Future scope and Applications
The future of the automatic car parking system is very vast; this system has
many advantages over few disadvantages. There is a crisis in the land space allover the world. This system saves space, man power, time and many more things.
Has the system is automatic the customers can save many time, they dont have
to wait till the car is parked they just need to place the car in the lift, then just
press the button and rest is up to the control system. Even in the case of retrieval
the controller gives the instruction of the retrieval and till the customer goes to
the lift car is present there.
Being multilevel lot of space is saved and in each floor we can park up to manyhas 100 cars which a very efficient utilization of space. But the cost is expensive as
compared to the manual parking due to the equipments and the machinery which
costs a lot. This system has come in to consideration in many countries around
the globe even in India.
Application: In India in many metropolitan cities the construction of the
automatic car parking has been taken place , the cities such as Bangalore, Kolkata,
New Delhi etc.
Live examples:
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
References and Datasheet
References:
Figure 4: 74Ls373 (address decoder)
Figure 5: 7404 (NOT gate)
Figure 6: 7430 ( 8- input nand gate)
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Figure 7: 8255 (programmable peripheral interface)
Figure 8: LCD ( liquid crystal display)
Figure 9: ULN 2003A
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Figure 10: stepper motor ( unipolar)
Figure 11: IR sensor
Figure 12: LDR sensor
Figure 13: LED
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Figure 14: MAX 232
figure 15: RS 232(DB-9)
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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System
Bibliography
Books:
Ali Mazidi for 8051 microcontroller
Digital electronics by Navdeep Singh Dhaliwal
Sites:
http://www.electronics4u.com
www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Projects/Labview/gatesfunc/index.html
www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci213512,00.htm