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SMEs Development: Vietnamese Experience
Feb 13th 2017 Dr. C.V.Luc/ APEC Conference 1
Presenter: Dr. CAN Van Luc
at the Conference on “APEC’s Post 2020 Agenda: Rising Protectionism,
Economic Rebalancing and Diversified Growth”
Session 2: Micro Competitiveness, Inclusive and Quality Growth: Potential Synergy
and Competitiveness Profile of Regional Small and Medium Enterprises,
E-Commerce and Digital Financial Inclusion
Singapore, February 13th 2017
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Feb 13th 2017 Dr. C.V.Luc/ APEC Conference 2
CONTENTS
I. Overview of Vietnamese SMEs
II. SMEs development initiatives in Vietnam
III. Achievements and limitations
IV. Recommendations
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I. Overview of Vietnamese SMEs
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- Role of MSMEs in Vietnam: About 97% of total number of businesses 77% of total employment Contribute 41% of GDP. - 590,000 active MSMEs (10/2016), of which 68% are micro.
Micro Enterprises68%Medium
Enterprises2%
Small Enterprises30%
Source: Vietnam Association of SMEs.
I. Overview of Vietnamese SMEs
Fig.1: Breakdown of MSMEs in Vietnam (2016)
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Fig.2: Business lines of Vietnamese SMEs
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Manufacturing, 43%
Trade and distribution,
24%
Services and agriculture,
33%
Source: Vietnam Trade Promotion Agency (2016)
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Fig.3: Business lines of Vietnamese SMEs
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Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles,
40.3%
Manufacturing industry, 15.7%
Construction, 13.7%
Agriculture, forestry and fishery, 1.0%
Transportation and storage, 5.4%
Administrative and support services activities, 2.9%
Others, 21.0%
Source: MPI White Paper on Vietnamese SMEs (2014).
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II. SMEs development initiatives in Vietnam
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II.1 Improving business environment
Decree 56/2009/NĐ-CP dated 30 June 2009 on supporting SMEs
Resolution 19/NQ-CP (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 ): on improving business environment and national competitiveness;
Draft Law on Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises (to be passed in 2017);
Resolution 35/NQ-CP dated May 16th 2016: for enterprise development to 2020 (to achieve 1 million firms by 2020);
Improving legal framework; including guidelines and policies facilitating SME establishment and operation;
Promoting the role of VCCI, industry associations and career development agencies
Financial institutions have diversified products and services.
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II.2 Enhancing SMEs’ competitiveness
Decision 58/2013/QD-TTg on establishment and operation of the credit guarantee funds for SMEs
Lower lending interest rates for 5 priority sectors including SMEs (since 2014)
The SME supporting fund (since Sep 2014)
Increasing access to finance of SMEs (including knowledge of financial services for SMEs);
Supporting recruitment and staff training for SMEs to develop skills in digital technology, risk management
Facilitating innovation and creativity at all levels (governmental agencies and firms).
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II.3 Strengthening synergy (cooperation) between SMEs and large businesses, promoting PPP
Strengthening public – private partnership (PPP): a governmental decree since 2015;
Facilitating activities of associations and organizations supporting large enterprises and SMEs;
Developing business portals and seminars, which provide information exchange between SMEs, large enterprises, associations; and Governments;
Promoting cooperation between MSMEs and investors, research centers and universities, etc;
Strengthening regional integration to support cooperation between local and foreign firms
Encouraging FDI enterprises to partner with local firms.
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III. Achievements and limitations
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Achievements
SMEs contribute to reduce unemployment rate, alleviate poverty and social stability
SMEs’ registered capital was around USD130 billion, equal to 1/3 total firms’ registered capital as of Dec 2016
SMEs contribute 33% of total State budget revenues
49% in creating added value for the economy and 41% of GDP.
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Achievements (2)
83,600 77,500
69,800 76,900 74,845
94,754
110,100
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Fig. 4: Number of newly established firms (mainly SMEs)
Soure: Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment.
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Fig.5: Registered capital of newly established firms
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Achievements (3)
Soure: Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment.
489.60 513.70467.27
398.68 432.29
601.52
891.09
5.866.63 6.69
5.185.78 6.35
8.09
0
3
6
9
12
15
0
200
400
600
800
1000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Total registered capital (Left-hand side) Average registered capital (Right-hand side)
VND trillion VND Billion
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Achievements (4)
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Fig.6: Registered number of employees of newly established firms
1,061,284 1,091,000
1,471,920
1,268,000
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
2013 2014 2015 2016
Soure: Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment.
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Limitations
Limited access to finance (Fig.7)
Difficulty in accessing other resources such as land, registering assets , information, etc.
Still un-leveled playing fields among FDI, SOE and private enterprises
Limited participation in global value chains (Fig.8).
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Fig.7: Finance for SMEs in Asia
Source: Yoshino và Wignaraja – ADBI (2015).
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Fig.8: Large firms and SMEs in supply chain
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Causes of limitations
1. High cost of finance (especially, unofficial/hidden costs)
2. Cumbersome lending procedures and stringent collateral requirements
3. Underdeveloped capital markets
4. Uneffective loan guarantee funds
5. Financial sector has been under radical restructuring
6. “Crowding-out” Effect (credit for SOEs, policy credit…)
7. Due to SMEs themselves (limited capability and inefficiency, lacking transparency; lack of management skills, strategic planning, skilled employees…).
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IV. Recommendations
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Recommendations: For APEC
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To establish institutions/agencies in APEC to support, propagandize and counsel SMEs in information, policy, market, and technological issues, etc;
To form the regional Union of businesses to facilitate SMEs to join the value chain of MNCs and FDI firmsin the region and beyond;
To promote APEC entrepreneurial spirit and start-ups
To promote dialogues, forums and experience sharing among SMEs and other firms.
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Recommendations: For Government and Ministries
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To improve institutions (especially legal framework and administrative procedures) and transparency to reduce unofficial costs; to facilitate SMEs participation in global/regional supply chains
To support and advise SMEs in legal, management and information issues;
To enhance the role of supportive institutions and programs encouraging creativity, research and development of SMEs;
To enhance performance of the SME loan guarantee funds, R & D funds; and encourage banks to provide loans to SMEs, etc;
To improve IT infrastructure and supporting SMEs in applying and developing appropriate technology.
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Recommendations: For SMEs
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To enhance strategic planning, corporate governance and risk management;
To diversify funding sources (thus reducing reliance on bank credit);
To focus more on R & D and Staff training to develop skills indigital technology, risk management, and foster innovation;
To proactively engage in global and regional supply chains;
To seize opportunities for cooperation among enterprises toimprove creativity, innovation and participation in the globalvalue chain;
To join industry associations to access information about state policies, corporate governance experience, etc.
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Q & ATHANK YOU!