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Small Town & Rural MultimodalNetworks
Fred Young, PLAAndrea Clinkscales, AICP, PMP
Alta Planning + Design
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![Page 2: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Funding Partners
Project Team
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Existing Design Guidance• AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004• AASHTO Bike Guide 2012• AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017• AASHTO Green Book 2011• AASHTO Low Volume Roads 2001, 2017• FHWA Achieving Multimodal Networks 2016• FHWA Resurfacing Guide 2016• FHWA MUTCD 2009• FHWA Separated Bike Lane Guide 2015• PROWAG 2011, 2013, 2014• BIKESAFE 2014
![Page 4: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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NACTO. Urban Bikeway Design Guide, 2nd Edition. 2014.
NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide
![Page 5: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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AgriculturalUnimproved Recreational
Varying Context & User Needs
Downtown
![Page 7: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Why Create a Small Town Guide?
![Page 8: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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Why Create a Small Town Guide?ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL.
LONGER NON-LOCAL TRIP DISTANCES
HEALTH DISPARITIES
HIGHER CRASH RATES INCOME DISPARITIES
![Page 9: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Why Create a Small Town Guide?
![Page 10: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Who uses rural networks?• All ages• All abilities• All incomes• All skill levels
• The ‘Design User’ • Go beyond minimum standards• Uses: school, commuting, recreation, tourism
Critical considerations?
![Page 11: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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Small Town Opportunities
![Page 12: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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Small Town Challenges
![Page 13: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Small Town Challenges
![Page 14: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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Guide Structure
![Page 15: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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Applications
Mixed Traffic Physically SeparatedVisually Separated
![Page 16: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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FacilitiesMixed Traffic• Yield Roadway• Bicycle Boulevard• Advisory ShoulderVisually Separated • Paved Shoulder• Bike LanePhysically Separated• Shared Use Path• Sidepath• Sidewalk• Separated Bike Lane
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• Application• Benefits• Case Studies• Guidance
• Benefits• Application• Geometric Design• Markings• Signs• Intersections• Implementation• Accessibility
How to navigate the Guide?
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Mixed Traffic
![Page 20: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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• Designed to serve pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists in a shared, slow-speed traveled way
• Bi-directional, no lane markings
Yield Roadway
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• Low-stress shared roadway bicycle facility, designed to offer priority movement for bicyclists
• Combine pavement markings, traffic calming measures, and crossing improvements to enhance bicyclist comfort
Bicycle Boulevard
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• Establishes a shoulder on an otherwise too narrow road
• Delineated by pavement markings
• Colored pavement optional• Must exit shoulder to overtake
bicyclists• Must enter shoulder when
yielding to oncoming traffic
Advisory Shoulder
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Visually Separated
![Page 24: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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• Exclusive space for bicyclists through the use of pavement markings and optional signs
• Directly adjacent to motor vehicle travel lanes and follows the same direction as motor vehicle traffic
Pedestrian Lane
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Paved shoulders on the edge of roadways can be enhanced to serve as a functional space for bicyclists and pedestrians to travel in the absence of other facilities with more separation.
Paved Shoulder
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• Exclusive space for bicyclists through the use of pavement markings and optional signs
• Directly adjacent to motor vehicle travel lanes and follows the same direction as motor vehicle traffic
Bike Lane
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Physically Separated
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• Bidirectional shared use path immediately adjacent and parallel to a roadway
• High-quality experience for all ages and abilities compared to on-roadway facilities in heavy traffic environments
• Reduced roadway crossing distances
• Maintains rural and small town community character
Sidepath
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• Travel area separate from motorized traffic for bicyclists, pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other users
• Low-stress experience for a variety of users using the network for transportation or recreation
Shared Use Path Guidance
Street Crossing Guidance
Separated Bike Lan
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• Dedicated space intended for use by pedestrians that is safe, comfortable, and accessible to all
• Physically separated from the roadway by a curb or unpaved buffer space
Sidewalk
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Separated Bike Lane
• For exclusive use by bicyclists
• Located within or directly adjacent to the roadway
• Physically separated from motor vehicle traffic with a vertical element
Shared Use Pat
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Network Opportunities
• Speed Management• Pedestrian Lane• School Connections• Multimodal Main Street• Bridges• Access to Public Lands
![Page 33: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
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Speed Management
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Speed Management
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Pedestrian Lanes
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School Connections
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Multimodal MainStreets
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Bridges
![Page 39: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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Access to Public Lands
![Page 40: Small Town & Rural Multimodal Networks · 14/03/2017 · Existing Design Guidance • AASHTO Flexibility Guide 2004 • AASHTO Bike Guide 2012 • AASHTO Pedestrian Guide 2004, 2017](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042710/5f591cfc3f9e5c1a6f6fc6ed/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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How to Get the Guide
• PDF copy on FHWA publications page• Hard copies available soon
• Interactive online guide at ruraldesignguide.com/
• Contact Andrea Clinkscales at [email protected]