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The Development of Courseware for Smartphones
Judy Nix
Ericsson Education Ireland
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Based on Research for the EU Leonardo Funded Project
Mobile Learning: the Next Generation of Learning
Fernuniversitat Corvinus University of Budapest
Distance Education
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Mobile learning is the provision of education and training on hand held
devices: PDAs, smartphones, mobiles and MP3 players
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Why develop courseware for mobile devices? 664.5m mobiles phones shipped in 2004 50% of all employees in the developed world spend
half their time outside the office Nearly all higher level education students in Europe
use mobile phones in their everyday lives It is predicted that multi-purpose handheld devices will
outsell laptop and desktop computers this year 3G networks will provide the infrastructure through its
“always on” environment
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The Approach
To mirror existing eLearning development methods by employing the same tools and technologies to ultimately facilitate adaptability.
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How? – Development Tools
Macromedia Dreamweaver
MX Version 1.0
- Site definition Wizard
- Validator
- Previewing facility
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Development Tools
Opera Browser 6.31
- Supports XHTML
- Supports Cascading
Style Sheets (CSS)
- Describes what the
content looks like
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Development Tools
Adobe Photoshop 5.5
- Images can be save in GIF
- Transparent areas can be
included
- Web colour palette can be
specified.
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Technologies
The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) 1.0 Transitional
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Technologies Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS)
Levels 1 & 2- CSS enables authors to separate
presentation type from
document content- Style rules define presentation
& formatting can be contained
in a single files. - Facilites the implementation of
well structured, maintainable
xhtml documents.
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Technologies
Java Script- a scripting language for creating simple code to control the behaviour of web document objects
Document Object Model (DOM)
- the ability to change the appearance of a web page dynamically
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Design & Development Web Based Design A user interface screen
was created with a column container that holds all the content
The container holds a table element and the course material iframe.
The user-interface page was designed to behave dynamically
At any one time, one specific icon or heading is displayed at each location.
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Design & Development
Challenge of how to present diagrams in a concise, uncluttered way.
Key colour codes were employed in some areas
A scaled down , simplified image-map version with different clickable areas was used to provide links to separate full size sub section view of the original graphic.
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Student Evaluation
n % n % n % n % n %
1.Occupation
Manager Non-Technical Employee Technical Employee Teacher/Trainer Other
1 5 - - - - 18 95 - -
2.Age Group
24 or younger 25-29 30-40 41-59 Over 50
7 37 3 16 6 31 3 16 - -
3.Gender Male Female
12 63 7 37
4.Level of Education
High school Matriculation One to three years post secondary Four or more years of post-secondary
- - 3 16 16 84
5.Mobile Device Ownership
Mobile Phone PDA Both
17 89 - - 2 11
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Student Evaluation
78% found the equipment easy to use. 56% agreed that the experience was fun, 45% agreed that m-learning increases the quality of e-
learning. 50% agreed that learning objectives can be met by m-
learning.
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Recommendations
Research is needed to ensure a fun experience for everyone within mLearning
Design and graphics are very important Communication functionality and how it can be built into
the overall package Feedback and assessment needs to be developed
further
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Conclusion
Through the use of web based technologies, courses can be developed and adapted for mobile devices
3G with its on all the time evironment will improve the background environment
More research is need Students have the devices – lets give them something
to learn on them!!