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Slide 1
Intensive Livestock Farming
Ineke JansenIneke JansenTallinn, March 2007
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Slide 2
Ineke Jansen
Province of Zeeland, Netherlands
Head Environmental Department
220 sites; about 50 IPPC installations 3 on intensive rearing of pigs
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Slide 3
Content• What animals are we talking about
• Key environmental issues
• Animal welfare
• Whole chain concept
• How to come to BAT:• housing systems• landspreading of manure
• Conclusions
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Slide 4
Poultry:• Chicken laying hens and broilers
• (Turkeys, ducks and Guinea fowls)
Pigs:• Mating and gestating sows• Farrowing sows • Weaned piglets• Growers/finishers
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Slide 5
= Laying hen
Broilers =
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Slide 6
Mating sow Gestating sow
Farrowing sow Weaned piglets
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Slide 7
Grower Finisher
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Slide 8
Farm activities:
• Farm management• Feeding strategy• Rearing of animals: housing systems• Collection and storage of manure• On-site treatment of manure• Landspreading of manure
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Slide 9
Key environmental issues
• Emissions to:
• air (ammonia)
• soil and groundwater (N, P)
• Energy and water
• Waste
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Slide 10
Animal welfare
• Water for the animals
• Housing systems• cages versus free range systems for laying hens• litter based systems for pigs• materials for enrichment for pigs and chickens• light, heating/cooling, ventilation, ….
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Slide 11
Whole chain concept
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Slide 12
How to come to BAT
How to come from Chapter 4 Chapter 5
• A tool for the BAT-assessment• Reference system (few data + climate conditions)
• Applied for assessing:
• housing systems for pigs • housing systems for layers and broilers• air abatement systems in housings
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Slide 13
EMISSION CONTROL MEASURE ASSESSMENT MATRIXHousing techniques for farrowing sows (Section 4.6.2)Costs per animal place per yearReference: housing with confined movement; crates on a FSF
POSSIBLE ECM's Emissionreduction
potential (%)
Opera-bility
Applica-bility
AnimalWelfare
A B C DHousing with confinedmovement (2.3.1.2.1)
0 0 0 1) 0
FSF/crates and board on aslope (4.6.2.1)
30 % 1 0 0
FSF/crates, water +manure channel (4.6.2.2)
50 % 2 0 0
FSF/crates, flush +manure gutters (4.6.2.3)
60 % -1 2) -1 0
FSF/crates, manurepan (4.6.2.4)
65 % 2 0 0
FSF/crates, surfacecooling fins (4.6.2.5)
70 % -2 -2 0
Partial slatted floors (PSF)+ crates (4.6.2.6)
30 % 0 0 1 3)
PSF/crates and manurescraper ( 4.6.2.7)
35 % -2 -2 1 3)
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Slide 14
Housing systems; pigs
• Reduce manure pit
• Remove manure
• Flush with liquid part
• Cool manure surface
• Use smooth surfaces
Iron or plastic slatted floor
Deep pit
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Slide 15
Housing systems; pigs
The conclusions in Chapter 5:
• BAT
• Conditional BAT; odour
• BAT for systems that are already in place
• Split view from one Member State
• Littered systems
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Slide 16
Housing systems; laying hens Conventional cage housing:
Ban on new: 2003Total ban: 2012
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Slide 17
Housing systems; laying hens
The conclusions in Chapter 5:
• Conventional cage housing
• BAT: • quick removal of manure• quick removal and drying of manure
• Conditional BAT
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Slide 18
Housing systems; laying hens The conclusions in Chapter 5:
• Enriched cage concept is the only alternative• BAT assessment not possible
• Non-cage housing• BAT, although higher ammonia and dust
emissions
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Slide 19
Housing systems; broilers
Reference: simple closed building with litter; no cage
The conclusions in Chapter 5:
• BAT
• Conditional BAT; the Combideck system
• BAT for systems that are already in place
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Slide 20
Landspreading of slurry
BAT for applying slurry to arable land:
• Injection• Bandspreading + incorporation < 4 hours
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Slide 21
Landspreading of slurry
Split view:• Bandspreading with / without incorporation
Not BAT:• Conventional broadcasting
No consensus on:• Improved broadcasting + incorporation
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Slide 22
Landspreading of solid manure
BAT for applying solid manure - from pig and poultry - to arable land:
• Incorporation < 12 hours
Split view on pig and poultry manure:
• Incorporation < 24 hours
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Slide 23
Conclusions
• The TWG reached a high degree of consensus on
the BREF document and on the BAT-conclusions
• Five split views were reported
• A useful document for the permitwriter
• The Province of Zeeland is offering you practical
help in your permitwriting processes
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Slide 24
Conclusions
A whole new ‘living’ area for the EIPPCB