![Page 1: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Slide Slide 11
Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells
Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells
![Page 2: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Slide Slide 22
Functional Anatomy of Cells
Functional Anatomy of Cells
• The typical cell – Also called
composite cell– Characteristics
• Varies in size and shape
• Microscope
• The typical cell – Also called
composite cell– Characteristics
• Varies in size and shape
• Microscope
![Page 3: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Slide Slide 33
Functional Anatomy of Cells
Functional Anatomy of Cells
• Cell structures– Plasma membrane - surrounds the
cell– Cytoplasm - contains cytosol and
organelles– Nucleus - contains genetic
information
• Cell structures– Plasma membrane - surrounds the
cell– Cytoplasm - contains cytosol and
organelles– Nucleus - contains genetic
information
![Page 4: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Slide Slide 44
Cell MembranesCell Membranes
• Membranes– Plasma membrane– Membranous organelles
• Membranes– Plasma membrane– Membranous organelles
![Page 5: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Slide Slide 55
Fluid mosaic modelFluid mosaic model– Arranged in double-layered sheet– Fluid -
• the molecules are able to float around slowly
– Arranged in double-layered sheet– Fluid -
• the molecules are able to float around slowly
![Page 6: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Slide Slide 66
Cell Membranes characteristics
Cell Membranes characteristics
• Chemical attractions hold membranes together– “rafts”– “Rafts” may pinch inward, bringing
material into the cell or organelle
• Chemical attractions hold membranes together– “rafts”– “Rafts” may pinch inward, bringing
material into the cell or organelle
![Page 7: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Slide Slide 77
• Primary structure - double layer of phospholipid molecules
– Heads are hydrophilic (water-loving)
– Tails are hydrophobic (water-fearing)
– Surrounded in water
– Embedded • Cholesterol
• membrane proteins
• carbohydrates
• Primary structure - double layer of phospholipid molecules
– Heads are hydrophilic (water-loving)
– Tails are hydrophobic (water-fearing)
– Surrounded in water
– Embedded • Cholesterol
• membrane proteins
• carbohydrates
![Page 8: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Slide Slide 88
CytoplasmCytoplasm
• Cytoplasm—– Intracellular gel-like fluid called
cytosol– organelles suspended in cytosol
• Cytoplasm—– Intracellular gel-like fluid called
cytosol– organelles suspended in cytosol
![Page 9: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Slide Slide 99
Two major groups of organellesTwo major groups of organelles
–Membranous organelles - sacs and canals
–Nonmembranous organelles - made of filaments
–Membranous organelles - sacs and canals
–Nonmembranous organelles - made of filaments
![Page 10: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Slide Slide 1010
Organelles Organelles
• Endoplasmic reticulum – canals with membranous walls – Proteins move through the canals
• Endoplasmic reticulum – canals with membranous walls – Proteins move through the canals
![Page 11: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Slide Slide 1111
• 2 Types of endoplasmic reticulum - Rough and smooth– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
•Has Ribosomes– Ribosomes synthesize proteins
•Function in protein synthesis and intracellular transportation
• 2 Types of endoplasmic reticulum - Rough and smooth– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
•Has Ribosomes– Ribosomes synthesize proteins
•Function in protein synthesis and intracellular transportation
![Page 12: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Slide Slide 1212
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
–No ribosomes–Functions
»Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
»Removes and stores Calcium from cell’s interior.
–No ribosomes–Functions
»Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
»Removes and stores Calcium from cell’s interior.
![Page 13: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Slide Slide 1313
RibosomesRibosomes
• Two types: – Attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum– Free, scattered through the cytoplasm
• Made of two pieces,– a large subunit and a small subunit; – each subunit is composed of rRNA– Function
• Make proteins for export or cell use
• Two types: – Attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum– Free, scattered through the cytoplasm
• Made of two pieces,– a large subunit and a small subunit; – each subunit is composed of rRNA– Function
• Make proteins for export or cell use
![Page 14: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Slide Slide 1414
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
![Page 15: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Slide Slide 1515
• Golgi apparatus– Membranous organelle – Consist of cisternae (tiny sacs)– Proteins leave endoplasmic
reticulum and go to golgi apparatus
– Golgi apparatus processes protein which leave in a vesicle to be secreted outside cell
• Golgi apparatus– Membranous organelle – Consist of cisternae (tiny sacs)– Proteins leave endoplasmic
reticulum and go to golgi apparatus
– Golgi apparatus processes protein which leave in a vesicle to be secreted outside cell
![Page 16: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Slide Slide 1616
The inner life of the cellThe inner life of the cell
![Page 17: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Slide Slide 1717
•Lysosomes - suicide sacs–membranous sacs that have “pinched off” from Golgi apparatus
– lysosomes digest defective cell parts
•Lysosomes - suicide sacs–membranous sacs that have “pinched off” from Golgi apparatus
– lysosomes digest defective cell parts
![Page 18: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Slide Slide 1818
PeroxisomesPeroxisomes• Cylinders found in cytoplasm
– sacs containing enzymes that detoxify harmful substances
– In kidney and liver cells– Break down
• abnormal/misfolded proteins or normal proteins no longer needed by cell
• Break apart peptide bonds
• Cylinders found in cytoplasm– sacs containing enzymes that
detoxify harmful substances– In kidney and liver cells– Break down
• abnormal/misfolded proteins or normal proteins no longer needed by cell
• Break apart peptide bonds
![Page 19: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Slide Slide 1919
MitochondriaMitochondria
![Page 20: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Slide Slide 2020
• Mitochondria– Look like small sausages– Two membranes forming a sac
within a sac– The “power plants” of cells– Contains enzymes that make
ATP
• Mitochondria– Look like small sausages– Two membranes forming a sac
within a sac– The “power plants” of cells– Contains enzymes that make
ATP
![Page 21: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Slide Slide 2121
NucleusNucleus
![Page 22: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Slide Slide 2222
NucleusNucleus
– Surrounded by a membrane with tiny holes or pores (nuclear envelope)
– Contains DNA (heredity molecules)• Chromatin - threadlike material• Chromosomes - tightly coiled chromatin• Function of nucleus - to contain the DNA
– DNA is the master code for making all proteins of cell
– Surrounded by a membrane with tiny holes or pores (nuclear envelope)
– Contains DNA (heredity molecules)• Chromatin - threadlike material• Chromosomes - tightly coiled chromatin• Function of nucleus - to contain the DNA
– DNA is the master code for making all proteins of cell
![Page 23: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Slide Slide 2323
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
![Page 24: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Slide Slide 2424
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
• The cell’s internal supporting framework• Cell fibers
– Smallest cell fibers are microfilaments
– Intermediate filaments– Microtubules - arranged in spiral
• The cell’s internal supporting framework• Cell fibers
– Smallest cell fibers are microfilaments
– Intermediate filaments– Microtubules - arranged in spiral
![Page 25: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Slide Slide 2525
CentrosomeCentrosome
–Nonmembranous organelles–Plays a role in cell division–Located near nucleus
–Nonmembranous organelles–Plays a role in cell division–Located near nucleus
![Page 26: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Slide Slide 2626
• Cell extensions– There are three types
• Microvilli• Cilia • flagella
• Cell extensions– There are three types
• Microvilli• Cilia • flagella
![Page 27: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Slide Slide 2727
•Cell connections
Three typesDesmosomesGap junctionsTight junctions
•Cell connections
Three typesDesmosomesGap junctionsTight junctions
![Page 28: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Slide Slide 2828
Cell ConnectionsCell Connections
• Desmosome– collar
• Gap junctions– “tunnels”
• Tight junctions– Prevents molecules from moving
between
• Desmosome– collar
• Gap junctions– “tunnels”
• Tight junctions– Prevents molecules from moving
between
![Page 29: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Slide Slide 2929
Introduction to the Microscope
Introduction to the Microscope
CarePartsFocusing
CarePartsFocusing
![Page 30: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Slide Slide 3030
• Always carry with 2 hands
• Only use lens paper for cleaning
• Do not force knobs
• Always store covered
• Keep objects clear of desk and cords
• Always carry with 2 hands
• Only use lens paper for cleaning
• Do not force knobs
• Always store covered
• Keep objects clear of desk and cords
![Page 31: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Slide Slide 3131
Eyepiece
Body Tube
Revolving NosepieceArm
Objective Lens
StageStage Clips
Coarse Focus
Fine Focus
Base
Diaphragm
Light
![Page 32: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Slide Slide 3232
• Place the Slide on the Microscope
• Use Stage Clips • Click Nosepiece to the
lowest (shortest) setting• Look into the Eyepiece• Use the Coarse Focus
• Place the Slide on the Microscope
• Use Stage Clips • Click Nosepiece to the
lowest (shortest) setting• Look into the Eyepiece• Use the Coarse Focus
![Page 33: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Slide Slide 3333
• Follow steps to focus using low power
• Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
• Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
• Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide
• Follow steps to focus using low power
• Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
• Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
• Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide
What can you find on your slide?
![Page 34: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Slide Slide 3434
Images Produced by Electron Microscopes
Images Produced by Electron Microscopes
Cyanobacteria (TEM) Lactobacillus
(SEM)Campylobacter
(SEM) Deinococcus(SEM)
House ant Avian influenza virus Human eyelash Yeast
![Page 35: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Slide Slide 3535
Parts of the microscopeParts of the microscope
Objective Lenses
Stage
Diaphragm
Light Source
Base
Fine adjustment
Course adjustment
Stage clip
Arm
Ocular lens (eyepiece)
![Page 36: Slide 1 1 Chapter 3 Anatomy of Cells Slide2 Functional Anatomy of Cells The typical cell –Also called composite cell –Characteristics Varies in size](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56649e445503460f94b3882d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Slide Slide 3636
Relative sizes and detection devicesRelative sizes and detection devices