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SleepKitA Mobile Sleep Tracking Application for Promoting Healthy Sleep Behavior
Supervisors:Joris Klerkx Elena Smets
Pieter Robberechtshttp://probberechts.github.io/thesis
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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MOTIVATION
Adequate sleep is a key part of a healthy lifestyle.
35 percent of Americans report their sleep quality as “poor” or “only fair”
First step towards an improved sleep quality = improve sleep hygiene
Engagement with data collection enhances people’s awareness and provides an
opportune moment to reflect on their behaviors
Self trackers are attracting a lot of users
SLEEPKIT: a mobile phone sleep tracking application
to help promote awareness about healthy sleep habits and
improve sleep quality
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
What is good / bad?
How to improve
Prompt change
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
What is good / bad?
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
Is this normal?
Not enough?
What should it look like?
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
What is good / bad?
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
LIGHT SLEEP DEEP SLEEP
%
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
Stop drinking caffeine
Stop drinking alcohol
Finish excercising
Sleep!Turn of electronics
Avoid heavy meals
Stop working, studying and stressing
6 HRS 4 HRS 3 HRS5 HRS 2 HRS 1 HRS 0 HRS
What is good / bad?
How to improve
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
What is good / bad?
How to improve
Prompt change
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
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GOAL OF THIS THESIS
What is good / bad?
How to improve
Prompt change
How can a sleep tracking application promote healthy sleep behavior and
contribute to a better sleep quality?
HealthPatch sensor (IMEC):
- 2-lead ECG
- 3-axis accelerometer
→ WAKE, REM, DEEP, LIGHT
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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EXPERIMENT DESIGN
Initial session Final sessionIn the field
10 participants
7 nights
- Sleep with HealthPatch- Daily synchronize- Reflect on the tracked
data
Questionnaire:- SUS- Interpretability- Awareness- Motivation
Informed consent
Entrance questionnaire- Demographics- Sleep quality (PSQI)
Tutorial
Discussion
+
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PARTICIPANTS
10 Participants
Their sleep quality:
Their knowledge of sleep hygiene:
Know that caffeine should be avoided in the evening
Know the effect of alcohol on sleep
Can name at least 6 sleep hygiene recommendations
1O
7
0
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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USABILITY
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USABILITY
I think that I would like to use this system frequently
5
4
3
2
1
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USABILITY
I found the system unnecessarily complex
5
4
3
2
1
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USABILITY
WORST IMAGINABLE
POOR OK GOOD BEST IMAGINABLE
EXCELLENT
DP1 DP3
Experiment
A. Bangor, P. Kortum, and J. Miller, “Determining what individual SUS scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale,” Journal of usability studies, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 114–123, may 2009.
Experiment
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Q1. Easy to tell if quality of night is good / bad
Q2. Easy to compare quality of nightsQ3. Easy to judge sleep pattern
G1: INTERPRETABILITY
Q4. Easy to link poor sleep quality to cause
Q5. Learned all term quicklyQ6. No irrelevant information
4
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Q1. More aware of importance of sleephygiene
Q2. Learned something new about sleephygiene
G2: AWARENESS
Q4. Learned something new about my sleeppattern
Q5. Learned how to improve some poorelements
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Q1. Spent more attention on sleep hygieneQ2. Spent more attention on sleep pattern
Q3. Motivated because of tracking
G3: MOTIVATION
Q4. Sleep hygiene tips had an effectQ5. Motivated by seeing effect in tracked
dataQ6. Bedtime notifications motivated me
31
2
4
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Goal and MotivationIterative DevelopmentDemoExperimentResultsConclusions
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Conslusions
Users are more interested in tracking their sleep than improving
their sleep quality
BUT:
- See sleep hygiene recommendations as an
added value
- A reason to check the app daily
- Encourages self reflection
http://www.sarahvanbelle.be/The-Quantified-Self
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Conslusions
Risk for demotivation
BECAUSE:
- Effect is not always immediate
- Sleep tracking is not 100% accurate
→ false negative data
http://33minutes.net/
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Conslusions
SleepKit has the potential to promote healthy sleep behavior
DATA:
- 7 users got more aware
of the importance of sleep hygiene
- 8 users learned something new
about sleep hygiene
- 6 users spent more attention on
their sleep hygiene / sleep pattern
http://sleepsloth.com/
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Thanks!Any questions?
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LiteratureImplementationSleep Stage ClassificationIterative Development
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SHUTEYE
J. S. Bauer, S. Consolvo, B. Greenstein, J. Schooler, E. Wu, N. F. Watson, and J. a. Kientz, “ShutEye: Encouraging
awareness of healthy sleep recommendations with a mobile, peripheral display,” Human Factors in Computing
Systems (CHI Conference), pp. 1401–1410, 2012.
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SLEEPTIGHT
E. K. Choe, B. Lee, M. Kay, W. Pratt, and J. A. Kientz, “SleepTight: Low-burden, Self-monitoring Technology for
Capturing and Reflect- ing on Sleep Behaviors,” Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on
Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp ’15), pp. 121–132, 2015.
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LIGHTS OUT
W. V. Chen, M. Sra, and R. W. Picard. Improving Sleep-Wake Schedule Using Sleep Behavior Visualization and a
Bedtime Alarm. In MobiHealth, pages 0–3. ICST, dec 2015.
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COMMERCIAL APPS
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LiteratureImplementationSleep Stage ClassificationIterative Development
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IMPLEMENTATION: DATA SYNCHRONIZATION
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IMPLEMENTATION: MVP
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LiteratureImplementationSleep Stage ClassificationIterative Development
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ML APPROACH
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QRS PEAK DETECTION
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EDR
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BASELINE WANDER
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BASELINE WANDER REMOVAL
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LiteratureImplementationSleep Stage ClassificationIterative Development
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PAPER PROTOTYPE
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 1
Main ideas:- Clock based metaphor for ideal
preparation of a night- A quick overview of the quality of
the previous nights
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 1
Evaluation results:- 36 possible usability problems- Glanceability problem- Confusing: two days visible on
circle- What do colors mean?- What is clickable- Too dense to click on icons
SUS score: 72 [64, 83]
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 2
Main ideas:- Vertical timeline to create more
space- Show by default only data most
relevant at the current time + scroll for older data
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 2
Evaluation results:- Same problem: too dense
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 3
Main ideas:- Split sleep hygiene information and
tracked data
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DIGITAL PROTOTYPE 3
Evaluation results:- Horizontal scrollable areas
→ add shadow at borders
- What is clickable
→ add shadow below
SUS score: 81 [75, 87.5]
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FINAL VERSION
Main ideas:- Small improvements- Bugfixes