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Sleep Disorders:
EQ: What are sleep disorders and how do they affect us?
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What is a Sleep Disorder???• Our sleep/awake pattern also follows a
circadian rhythm where certain events repeat approximately every 24 hours
• This is why we generally get tired after between 14 to 18 wakeful hours
• Sleep disorders are any psychological/physiological disruption in this rhythm
• These disorders can have negative consequences in an individual
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The Circadian Rhythm
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I. Insomnia• When we have difficulty falling asleep or
staying asleep, we are suffering form insomnia
• The result will be a felling of fatigue during our waking hours
• This lack of sleep can lead to an inability to function correctly or even mental stress
• Although we can treat insomnia with medication, it can be dangerous be
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Insomnia Treatments:
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II. Narcolepsy• In narcolepsy one goes from a state of
wakefulness to a state of REM sleep almost instantly.
• This is generally followed by almost instant wakefulness
• If the narcoleptic person falls, they can injure themselves or others
• Using drugs, such as Provigil and Nuvigil, narcolepsy can successfully be treated
• Narcoleptics can also schedule frequent naps to avoid “unsafe” sleeping
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Narcolepsy
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III. Sleep Apnea• In sleep apnea, people stop breathing while
they are asleep• These “interruptions” can be brief (less than
a second) or can be longer• While this is both unhealthy (potentially
deadly), it also severely effects the circadian rhythm
• People with sleep apnea also are more likely to suffer from obesity, anxiety, depression, and dozens of other physical/mental ailments
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III. Sleep Study
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IV. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome• In some extreme cases babies can die in their
sleep• This devastating disorder called SIDS effects
roughly 2 in every 1000 babies born in America• SIDS generally effects boys more than girls,
babies who were born below weight, and between 2-4 months of age
• The reason for SIDS is not completely known but there are several theories
1. Baby Position2. Birth Defect3. Foreign Contaminents
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SIDS: A Horrible Disorder
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V. Sleepwalking/Talking:• The reasons for sleepwalking are unknown,
but must be in some way related to the motor cortex which usually almost completely shuts down in our sleep
• Yes, you can wake up a person who is sleepwalking with no harm
• Some people do not walk, but talk• Some people do both
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The Dangers of Sleepwalking
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VI. Nightmares• A nightmare is an intense bad dream that
occurs during REM sleep• These nightmares are usually made up of
intense images and scenes that cause fear in the individual
• Luckily, nightmares are often ignored and forgotten and only occasionally wake us up
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A Nightmare???
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VII. Night Terrors• Night-Terrors occur in Level 4 Sleep• These are much more intense than
nightmares and can literally awaken one while screaming
• Most people have a difficult time falling asleep after a night terror
• This disorder is sometimes treated through medicine
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The Terrors of the Night
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VIII. REM Behavior Disorder• In REM sleep, we are generally motionless• People with REM Behavior Disorder, however
often move and have even been known to act out their dreams
• People have driven cars, jumped from buildings, and almost killed their loved-ones during episodes of REM Behavior Disorder
• While this disorder may be linked to brain degeneration, it can effect anyone
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Death by REM Disorder???
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IX. Non-24 Hour Circadian Disorder• In a “normal” person, our circadian rhythm
will reset every 24 hours• A person Non-24 Hour Circadian Rhythm
might reset after 26 hours one day and 18 the next or 30 the following day
• Because of this, they cannot get onto a normal schedule and may struggle with some basic tasks
• Certain medications have been shown to be successful in treating this disorder
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What time is it???