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HUMAN SYSTEMS:Skeletal
System
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones and cartilage Alive and active 206 bones in humans Support and protection Helps maintaining homeostasis Store minerals, make blood cells
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Functions of bones1. Protect organs (ribs protect heart and
lungs)2. Store minerals 3. Role in movement4. Bone marrow (making blood cells)
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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BONE STRUCTURE
Bone is a living organ made up of different types of tissues
1. Connective tissue and minerals2. Osteoblast cells – mineral deposition3. Spongy bone – open spaces in bone4. Compact bone – no visible open spaces
Bone marrow – two types1. Red marrow – red and white blood cells
synthesis2. Yellow marrow – stores fats
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BONE STRUCTURE
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BONE GROWTH
During development most bones are soft Bone formation initiates as flexible tissue -
cartilage As development occurs cartilage is replaced
by bone During growth, bones also increase in size During childhood, most bones still have
growth plates of cartilage These growth plates provide a place for
bones to continue to grow
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JOINTS A place where two or more bones meet is called
a joint Some joints, such as fixed joints, allow little or
no movement Many of the joints in the skull are fixed joints Other joints, such as your shoulder, allow a lot of
movement
Joints can be classified based on how the bones in a joint move1. Gliding or sliding joints2. Hinge joints3. Ball and socket joints
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JOINTS
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JOINTS Joints are often placed under a great deal of
stress But they can withstand a lot of wear and tear
because of their structure
Joints are held together by ligaments Ligaments are strong elastic bands of
connective tissue They connect the bones in a joint
Also, cartilage covers the ends of many bones. Cartilage helps cushion the area in a joint where bones meet.
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INJURIES AND DISEASES
1. Fracture2. Dislocation of joint3. Sprain – ligament stretched or torn
4. Osteoporosis Bone density decreases Bones become weak
5. Arthritis - joints may swell or stiffen
6. Gout – accumulation of uric acid
7. Nutrition and bone heath