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Skeletal & Muscle Unit
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Notes
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How many bones does the human skeleton contain?
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206
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Functions of the skeletal system
Give shape & support
Protect internal organs
Moves muscles
Form blood cells
Store calcium and phosphorous
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Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone
Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken
Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves
Marrow: manufactures red blood cells
Bone Cross Section
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http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg
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http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm
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Skeletal System
is divided into
two parts
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Axial Skeleton
Skull (protects the brain).
Ribs ( protect lungs, and heart).
Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).
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Appendicular Skeleton
Legs
Pelvis
Arms
Shoulders
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Types of Joints
Immovable
Skull
Pelvis
Movable
Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
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http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg
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Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips
Allows arms and hips to move in any direction
Can move in a full 360 degrees
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Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow
Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other
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Hinged: Elbows & Knees
Move like hinges on a door
Limited movement
Can only swing back and forth
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Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles
Slide against each other in a gliding motion
Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom
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Immoveable joints are located in the:
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How many muscles do we have?
Over 600 muscles
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http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg
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http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg
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http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue
Cardiac.jpg
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http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/
muscle.html
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Muscle Fiber
Muscle
Myofibril
Inside a Muscle
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Vocabulary
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Appendicular
The part of your skeleton made up of your arms, legs, pelvis and shoulders.
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Axial
Part of your skeleton that includes skull, ribs, and spinal column.
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Vertebrae
Irregular bones that make up the spinal column
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Cartilage
Smooth tissue that acts as a buffer between bones.
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Ligaments
Tissues that fasten your bones together
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Calcium
The mineral found in bones
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Periosteum
The outer covering of bones.
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Ball and Socket
These joints are found in hips and shoulders.
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Gliding
These joints are found in fingers and the spine.
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Immoveable
This type of joint is found in the skull and is fixed.
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Pivot
These types of joints are found in the head and arms.
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Voluntary
These muscles can be controlled consciously
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Involuntary
These muscles can be controlled unconsciously
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Skeletal
Muscle tissue that is attached to bones and causes movement.
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Smooth
This type of tissue lines the walls of many organs and are involuntary.
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Cardiac
Muscle tissue found in the heart.
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Tendons
These tough bands of connective tissue connect bones to skeletal muscles.
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Strain
An injury caused when a muscle is over stretched.
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Cramp
This can be painful and is sometimes caused by too much exercise and not warming up properly.
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Hinge
These joints are found in elbows and knees.
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http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg