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Simple Machines
SOL 3.2
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Machine – a tool that helps us do work
Machines help us by:1. Changing the amount of force on an
object.
2. Changing the direction of the force.
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Force is a push or pull that changes the motion or shape
of an object.
Example: I push a bookshelf to move it.
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Energy is the ability to do work.
Example: I must have energy to run the mile.
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Work is the result of force moving an object.
Example – Picking up something heavy is hard work!
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Gravity
Gravity is the force that constantly pulls objects toward Earth.
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Simple machines – have few or no moving parts
• Lever
• Inclined Plane
• Wedge
• Screw
• Wheel and Axel
• Pulley
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Lever –made of a board or bar set on top of a fulcrum. It is used
to lift weight
Example: seesaw, crowbar, baseball bat, rake
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Inclined Plan – a slanted surface to make lifting easier
Example: ramp, stairs
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Wedge – two inclined planes together used to raise an object
or split an object.Example: knife, door wedge, ax
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Screw – an inclined plane wrapped around a pole or shaft that is used to hold materials
together or drill holes.
Example: drill bit, screws
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Wheel and Axel – a wheel that turns on a post to help move
things quickly and easilyExample: steering wheel,
doorknob, screwdriver
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Pulley – made of rope and string wound around a reel to change
the direction of a force.
Example : flagpole, clothesline, cranes, fishing reel
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Compound Machine – two or more simple machines working together.
Examples:
Bike
Car
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How Work is Done
Energy Force Function
Work is done!