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N AG
E S O F
Q U A STO R
A U S A U GH
I E S
NNU M SMAT CSO C E T
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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I E S
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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M S O N
M
ent
sticcoinage
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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T NTS
O N S13
N 2 1
b v. n o t he t a e c e pt 0 5 B , 0 6 C- D ) , r e v. w it h /w i th o ut A 3 2
obv. theta rev . with/withoutA andpellets36
0 15 o b v. B - a n d 8 r e v. w i th / wi t ho u t B , n o p el l et s 4 2
9 o bv . th et a wi th S , r ev . A S L L A S an d SV V R A E G R 0 Q ,
9 3 4 7
obv. theta rev . with/withoutpellets49
3 obv. theta rev . nopellets52
087 obv. CA R added w ith/w ithouttheta rev . nopellets. . . . 62
88-0102 obv. theta rev . c ombinationsofpellets65
r . 7 6 9
o r ge r ie s m . 1 - m . 7 D r . m . 1 70
AND R O D U C T O N CO N TR O L S 75
s83
S 91
C R C U L A T O N 97
ll
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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0 yearstopreparethisstudyof thesilvercoinagemintedwith
uaestor. nc ludedaretherec ordsofmorethan1 300published
plesthatcarefulcomparativestudyhasreducedtoacatalogueof
etradrac hms 8drac hms 4overstruc ke amples and14imitations.
rgerthananypreviousstudyandpermitsconclusionsaboutthe
eAesillasissuesbasedon 33previouslyunrecordeddielinksas
e fabric andweightthatfollowsubtlebutrec ogni ablepatterns
eproductionofthecoinage.
AesillascoinagebeganwhenMargaretThompsonsentmean
eNumismati uearticle B y antiumoverA esillas. Subse uent
erkholmand ohn rollof theproblematic implicationsof theover-
leconvincedmethata comprehensivediestudyoftheAesillas
verdue and beganin1983toc ollec te amplesforsuc hastudy.
5public ationofalimiteddiestudyofA esillastetradrac hmshelpeddispel
gheldabouttheAesillastypesbutdid notaddressthecrucial ues-
these uenceofissuesandabsolutechronologynordidit help
ticevidenceofoverstrikescouldpossiblybereconciledwiththe
fthecoinage. n1986atthe Tenth nternationalNumismatic
of feredthepreliminaryresultsofmyownc ollec tionofmaterial at
ic ethesi eof thec ataloguein isher sstudy. arguedthata
ntof thec oinagewasre uiredand insupport pointedtothethen
ftwoimportanthoardscontainingAesillastetradrachmsby
eCongress however theonly immediatestep wasabletotake
wAesillasoverstrikeonNewStyleAthens.
amplesofAesillastypeshaveappeared particularlyinthe
ofinternationalnumismaticdealers.Combinedwithrepeatedtrips
tic Soc iety slibrary havegraduallye pandedmyc atalogueto
amples. A tthesametime rancoisdeCallatayhasassembledac atalogue
andcomparisonwithdeCallatay scataloguehasbeenveryrevealing.
es thefollow ingc ataloguehasabout82% moree amplesthandeCall-
er wec omparethe102obversediesof tetradrac hmsrec ogni edinthis
s85differenttetradrachmdies 1itimmediatelybecomesclearthat
easeintheamountof material thepresentstudyhasnot uncov-
moreobversedies.O nthecontrary thereareamere17obverse
sstudyfrommorethan450additionale amples. A ma ingly this
ncreaseinthenumberof differentobversediesidentified.And
cantisthefactthatthereareonly26 about45%) morethanthe
esin isher sc atalogue 2althoughthereare680moree amples or
inthepresentstudy
eswheredeCallatayassigns differentnumberstothesameobversedies:
0 23 , D 2 1= D 2 8 h er e= 0 25 A- C , D 5 1= D 5 2 h er e= 0 34 , D 4 2= D 5 5 h er e= 0 64 , D 6 3= D 6 4
1 = D 7 6 h er e= 0 7 0A -B ) D 7 3 = D 8 9 h er e= 0 7 8 . T h er e is a ls o on e in st an ce D 2 0 h er e= I m . 6- 6 ,
aatay s I mitations seetheCatalogue pp. 70-71 .
where ishergivesdifferentnumberstothesameobversedies: 016=015
4 = 0 23 h er e= 0 9 1 A- B ) , 0 35 = 0 34 h er e= 0 7 , 0 70 = 0 69 h er e= 0 7 0A -B ) .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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stetradrachmstoobversediesin thepresentstudye ceeds9.6
1 001e amples c omparedtoappro imately6. 5indeCallatay 85
isher 76from321 . Whatthissmallincreaseinthenumberofnew
emstoindicateisthat anearlycompleterecordofthecoinage s
ersedieshasnowbeencompiled.Andwhileit mightseemthat
nisunnecessarygiventhesmallnumberofnewobversediesuncov-
infac ttheoutc omeprovesthatthisisc learlynotthecase. or
0+ e amplesincludedherehaveproducedarathersmallnumber
obversedies theyhaveneverthelessrevealedfarmoreinformation
abouttheinternalorgani ationofthecoinagethroughtheappear-
cogni edreversedielinks.This isparticularlyimportant sincethe
decriticalinformationforestablishingtherelativechronologyof
orrectse uenceofissue.3Asaresult despitesomegapsand
itisnowpossible toreconstructtheoriginalorderofissues ofthe
hfargreaterconfidencethaneverbeforeandtoconnectthisrecon-
ehistoricalandprosopographicalevidenceinawaythatproduces
enigmatic uestionsthathaveplaguedthestudyofthe Aesillas
nthcentury.
uslyassistedmeduringtheyearsit hastakentopreparethis
tes Thessalonik i UniversityofThessaloniki M. A mandry
s Me d ai l le s , N . As g ar i I s t an b ul A r ke o lo i M i i e r le r i Mu d ur l ug i i , D .
k furt SeminarfurGriec hisc heundRomisc heGesc hic hte , S. B endall
n & S o ns , . B i r o - Se y B u d a p es t M a gy a r Ne m e t i Mu e u m , C . B i u c ch i -
A N S , C hr . B o e h ri n ge r G o tt i ng e n A r ch a ol o gi s ch e s n s ti t ut d e r U n i ve r -
A . B u r n et t L o n do n B M , T . V . B u t tr e y C a mb r id g e i t w i ll i am M us e um ,
ork ANS , . Cancio NationalNumismatic Collec tion Washington
lle Milan C iv icheRac c olteA rc heologicheeNumismatic he , . C lain-
mismatic Collec tion Washington D . C , . deCallatay B russels
e , G . D e m b sk i V i e n n a u n st h is t or i sc h es M u se u m , B . D e me t ri a di
m i t ro v S o ph i a n s ti t ut e t M us e e Ar c he o lo g i u e , A . S . a v a T u ri n M u se o
M. G o vi B o l o g na M u se o C iv i co A r ch e ol o gi c o , C h . H e r sh L o n g s l an d
ds e n O s l o n s ti t ut t f or A r ke o lo g i u n st h is t or i e og N u mi s ma t ik k , C .
K a v al a 1 8 t h p h or e ia o f A nt i u i ti e s , . r o ll A u st i n U . o f
hmann Munich StaatlicheMun sammlung , W. Metcalf New ork ANS ,
CabinetdesMedailles , M. O ec onomides A thens Numismatic Museum ,
c h S t aa t li c he M u n s a m m lu n g , C . e t ol e sc u B u c a r es t M u e u l Na t io n al
a R o rh ni ei , M . r ic e L o n do n B M , . r ok op ov K y u s te nd il M us eu m
. S c h ul t B e r l i n S t a at l ic he M u se e m u B e r l i n , . T o ur a ts o gl o u A t he n s
. . A . va n d er V i n H a g u e o n in kl i k a b in e t va n M un t en , N .
rk A NS , A . W al ke r Z u r ic h B a nk e u , R . B . W i ts ch on ke P a l o Al to
ro u ko v a S o ph i a n s ti t ut e t M us e e Ar c he o lo g i u e .
ttoacknowledgemye traordinarydebttoMargaretThompson who
arlystudyofancientnumismaticsduringthe1972 ANSGraduate
he uestionssurroundingtheAesillascoinagetomyattention
whostronglyencouragedmetoundertakethisinvestigation.
erehasbeengenerouslyassistedbythe American hilosophical
ardedmetwotravelgrants 1984and1991 forv isitingnumismatic
ndTurkey andtheNational ndowmentfortheHumanities which
oTraveltoCollectionsGrants 1985and1992 forstudyatthe
istof50reversedielinksin Metrologyand roduc tionControls pp. 80-81.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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cietyinNew ork. moryU niversityhasalsosupportedmywork
mgratefultothenD eanDavidMinterforasabbatic alleaveduringfall
ityR esearchCommitteeforaresearchleaveduringspring1992.
sareduetomymother B ettyB auslaugh forac companyingmeon
esearc htrips andtomywife rofessorA nneChapin foradvic e
inalpreparationofthe catalogueandmanuscriptpresentedhere.
ienthelpof mystudentassistant eslieCommeryandthecareful
usc riptbyNanc yMooreand ac k roll thefollow ingc atalogue
ereachedpublishableform.
eted twoarticlesby rancoisdeCallatayonthecoinageof
. Theyare L esMonnaiesauNomd A esillas " taliam ato
udiesD edicatedtoV ladimirand lv ira li aC lain-Stefanelli Numis-
L ouvain- la-Neuve 1996 , pp. 113-51 and TheCoinsintheNameof
doniaandRome ssaysinHonourofCharlesHersh eds. A . B urnett U.
itsc honke L ondon 1998 , pp. 113-17. Theformerwassharedw ithme
gether althoughtheyappearedtoolatefullforinc orporationhere they
hthepresent study.
ina 2000
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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O NS
ericanCollections formerlyGreekCoinsinNorthAmerican
o r k.
mismatic s New ork .
atikosThesaurosapotenAgorates ellasgenikaSymperasmata "
eMakedoniakaiThrake1 Thessaloniki 1987 , pp.125-32.
k e Nu m is m at i k v o l. 1 3 T h eo r ie u n d r a i s M a in a m R h e i n
b l io gr ap hi e 2 nd e d. M ai n a m R h ei n 1 98 2 .
ord-Griec henlands seeGaebler .
ietyMuseumNotes New ork .
G r ee k Co i ns L o n d o n N e w o r k 1 9 8 3 .
TwoUnpublishedO verstrikes:NewSty leA thensandA esillasthe
N 32 1 9 87 , p p . 11 - 21 .
Circ ulationofR omanCoinageinthe irstCenturyB . C . inMac e-
calNumismatics/NumismaticArchaeology eds. .SheedyandCh.
n d o n 1 9 97 , p p . 11 8 -2 9 .
n ce H e l l e ni u e P a r is .
Roman mpire " ssaysinR omanCoinage resentedtoHarold
G . C ar s on a n d C. H . V . S u th e rl a nd O x f o rd 1 9 56 p p . 13 7 -4 8 .
ke n M un e n o n ig l ic h e Mu s eu m u B e r l i n v o l. 2 B e r l i n 1 8 89 .
eologi ueB ulgare Sophia.
s ch e M un e n i n W i nt e rt h ur W o t t on - un d er - d g e 1 9 67 2 v ol s .
talogueof theGreekCoinsintheB ritishMuseum. Mac edonia etc . rpt.
urChronologiemittelhellenistisc herMiin serien220-160v. Chr. A ntike
e ne S t ei n e 5 B e r l i n 1 9 72 .
H e l l e ni s ti s ch e r Mu n s ch a t a u s Tr a pe u n t 19 7 0 " S N R 5 4 1 9 75 , p p .
urGeschic htederA c haisc hen igaim2. und1. h. v . Chr. im
e s vo n o g gi o i c en e A b ru z e n , A ch a ia u n d l i s i n de r A nt i ke
onalenSymposiumsA thens 19-21Mai1989 A thens 1991 , pp.
x amenChronologi uedesMonnaiesf rappeesparlaCommunautedes
ndantetapreslaCon ueteRomaine P aris 1872 .
edesmonnaiesgrec uesanti uesdetanc iennec ollec tion o z i Maas-
1 9 79 .
TheMagistratesoftheR omanR epublic vol.2 99B .C.to31B .C.
1 95 2 r pt . 19 68 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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r i ce C oi n ag e i n th e G re e k W o rl d L o n do n 1 9 88 .
7 R oyalNumismatic Soc iety ondon.
e a n d Co t ys T wo r o bl e ms : . T h e D i p lo m ac y o f 16 7 B . C . I . T he
6 " A t he n ae u m 60 1 9 82 , p p . 46 1 -8 1 .
a t in a ru m 2 n d ed . B e r l i n 1 8 93 - 19 1 3 .
ermeule GreekCoins 1950to1963 Museumof ineA rts
ageandMoneyundertheR omanRepublic : talyandtheMediterra-
k e le y a nd o s A ng e le s 1 9 85 .
No r ma n D a v i s Co l le c ti o n A CN A C1 N e w o r k 1 9 69 .
o u e de l a c ol l ec t io n d e u y ne s m o nn a ie s g re u e s P a r is 1 9 24 - 36 r p t.
urter eds. TheA rthurS. Dew ingCollec tionofGreekCoins
1 98 5 .
. D . W a l la ce T he o a ni H o a rd o f 19 55 " A NS MN 1 1 1 96 4 , p p.
mationof theSi eofaCoinage:A SurveyandComparisonofMethods "
p . 18 5 -2 1 5.
oNotesontheA esillasTetradrac hms:MintA ttributionandaD ie
S M N 30 1 9 85 p p . 69 - 87 .
R o m i s ch - ma c ed o ni s ch e M ii n e n " Z f N 3 1 8 76 , p p . 17 7 -8 2 .
un kundeMakedoniens I I , MakedonienimA ufstandunterA ndriskos.
r o vi n , " Z f N 2 3 1 9 02 , p p . 14 1 -8 9 .
ord-Griec henland vol. 3 Makedoniaund aionia B erlin 1906 2nd
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
-
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m
, vol. 6 The ew isCollectioninCorpusChristiCollege Cambridge
v o l. 3 p t . 2 T h e o c ke t t Co l le ct i on L o n do n 1 9 39 .
, v o l- 7 M a nc h es t er U n i v e rs i ty M u se u m O x f o rd 1 9 86 .
m 1 9 80 .
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. H ead The llustrationsof theHistoriaNumorum anA tlasof
ondon 1898 ; rev iseded. byA lyc eMarieCresap Chicago 1968 .
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Ae s il l as " R N 1 9 73 , p p . 54 - 65 .
M a ce d on i a " i n a t e R e p ub l ic .
ou/1983H oardintheMuseumofThessalonik i A thenian NewStyle
nia , " NomismatikaChronika8 1989 , pp.7-20 inGreekand
ientMacedonia ca.200B .C-268-286A.D. , TheH oard
1 9 93 .
oulopoulou A c uisitionsduMuseeNumismati ued A thenes " B CH
6 -8 7 l a ta n ia h d . p p . 4 94 - 95 e r as s ia h d .
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sr o hd . p l . 2 1 - 2 l a ta n ia h d . p l . 2 5 e r as s ia h d .
ovaand . rokopov CoinHoardsf romtheCollec tionof the
h um en I - l c en t . B . C . f o rt h co m in g .
entairedelaCollectionWaddington P aris 1897-98 .
ptiveCatalogueof theCollec tionofGreekCoinsformedbySirH ermann
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o h n Ma W u l f in g C ol l ec t io n i n W a sh i ng t on U n i v e rs i ty A CN A C2 N e w
tik B erlin.
ons
cSociety New ork.MaterialandinformationprovidedbyC.
etc alf andN. Waggoner.
ction NationalMuseum Athens.Materialandinformationprovidedby
. Touratsoglou.
Staatlic heMuseen uB erlin. Materialandinformationprov idedbyH. -D.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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vanMunten enningenenGesnedenSteinen sGravenhage. Material
by . . A . vanderV in.
askovo B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprovidedby .
. H ersh New ork .
udurlugu stanbul. Materialandinformationprov idedbyN. A sgari.
ambol B ulgaria. MaterialandinformationprovidedbyD.
18th phoreiaofA nti uities avala. Materialandinformation
li-Chrysanthaki.
yustendil B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprov idedby .
ologicheeNumismatiche CastelloSfor esco Milan.Materialand
.Chiaravalle.
ng Munic h. Materialandinformationprov idedbyH. uthmann
unsthistorieogNumismatikk U niversitetet O slo. Materialand
. ngvaldsen.
A shmoleanMuseum O x ford. Materialandinformationprov idedby
B ibliothe ueNationale aris. Materialandinformationprov ided
colet.
niversityof ennsylvania.
lovdiv B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprovidedby .
a grad B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprov idedby .
rincetonUniversity rinc eton.
humen B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprov idedby .
eologi ue Sophia. Materialandinformationprov idedby . D imi-
v a.
ory Sophia. Materialandinformationprov idedby . rokopov.
terialandinformationprovidedbyA.S. ava.
en MedaillenundGeld eic hen unsthistorisc hesMuseum
ormationprovidedbyG.D embski.
rac a B ulgaria. Materialandinformationprov idedby . rokopov.
ec tion MuseumofA meric anH istory Washington D . C . Mate-
dedby . C lain-Stefanelliand . Cancio.
bibliothek Winterthur. Materialandinformationprov idedbyB . C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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k Munic h
ec kenbauer Munic h.
h ic a go .
t B erlin.
t d . W a s hi n gt o n D . C .
.
r - r e y r e ib u rg i m B r e i sg a u.
msandSons td. ondon seealsoV ec c hi& Sonsforc ombinedsale
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
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-
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19/135
ondon.
nerMiin handlung Munich.
ondon.
ckandB erlin.
rank furtamMain.
m is m at i st s t d . N e w o r k.
O r la nd o L .
riaArt hiladelphia A .
c erne.
e u AG Z u r i c h.
sruhe.
iin . u. Med.
- 19 1 4 , M u ni c h.
ndel Stockholm.
hagen.
an rancisc o CA .
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yt on O H .
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oog ne .
Mun kabinett Cologne.
S an M at eo C A.
e r ry C o he n B e v e r ly H i l l s C A.
e r Mi i n h a nd l un g M u ni c h.
S t ut t ga r t.
e r Mi i n h a nd l un g O s n a br u ck G e rm a ny .
terR upertus urpfal isc heMiin handlung Mannheim.
m is ma ti k a n , M un ic h.
th. empert , Cologne.
st a nsi ng M .
u r i c h e a rl i er u n de r t it l e B a n k e u s e e al s o H e s s- e u .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
-
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realsounwreathed fore ample late14 Thasos . tisfurthermore
stitutingalaurelwreathfor thecustomaryoakwreathwhichhad
eviousMacedoniantetradrachmcoinagessince hilipV , 4the
pebrokewithMacedoniantraditionandmadethe coinagemore
-wreathedNewStyletetradrachmsofAthensthatcirculatedwidely
outtheB alkanpeninsulaattheendof thesecondandbeginning
.5
follow ingMartin ric e hassuggestedthat therepresentationof the
c ouldofc oursebeinterpretedasanationalistic symbolonthe
L A Sissues whic hthusc onstitutesan answer totheportraitof
ic tetradrac hms. 6Thise planationisappealingbec auseitf itswell
wecangather fromthecoinageitself.Sincethereareveryfew
horitiesproducingentirelynewcointypesintheprovincesduringthe
henewMac edonianissuemustbeconnec tedw ithsomee traordinary
ymentinalocallyor regionallyacceptableyetidentifiably
onglydesired ifnotre uired.
versewasintendedtoe ploitthepotentialpropagandavalueofthe
ntinganewportraitofthe legendaryheroAle andertheGreat
eformermilitaryand economicpowerofMacedonbutalso it
don striumphantdefeatofAsiaticopponents.Theplacementofthe
NbeneathA le ander sportrait—insteadofonthereverseasearlier—
onnectionbetweenthislegendaryheroandhisdescendantslivingin
naddition ric ehasalsosuggestedthatthec omparativelyhigh
todetail partic ularly intherenderingofA le ander shairw ithits
pearance look asif theheadweretakenfromane uestrianstatue
ephalus. 8 f thisisright itmeansthattheappealof thec oinageto
engthenedfurtherbyreferencetoathenwellknownbut nowlost
n ueror.
erhand communicatessomething uitedifferent.D espitethe
clubofH eracles thereversebasicallyabandonsMacedonian
eadvisualreferencestoR omanpoliticalandeconomicpower:the
andof fic ialseat sella ofaR oman uaestortogetherw iththename in
rfinancialofficerresponsibleforthenewmoney.Thiswas aboldand
otheAesillasc oinage theRomanshadauthori edorproduc edtetra-
cadesafterthedefeatof erseusandsubse uentestablishmentof
s butthecoinageshadretainedstrictlyMacedoniantypesunima-
lderroyalcoinages.TheMacedonianshields theH eraclesclub
backward 9andthisis trueevenofthetwonew tetradrachm
ptionisthef leetingandtodayveryrareissueof theMac edonian irstDistric t
featof erseusin167 seeCrawford Coinage pp. 128-32w ithf ig. 45 .
rculation p. 37 anddeCallatay H oards " pp. 11-20 basedonthestudiesofTou-
vriouHoard " pp. 7-20 andMerkholm A thens " pp. 29-42.
g l i ve r io u H o a r d " p . 1 9 a n d r i ce M a ce d on i an s p . 3 3.
byMommsen p. 282 andmorerec entlybyCrawford Coinage p. 197 andsee
ofA sia.
ans p. 33.
nians pp. 32-36 forasummaryanddisc ussionof theonee c eption anunwreathed
raitofZ eusandcultstatueof ArtemisTauropolosmintedsoonafterthedefeatof
1 a n d 15 8 1 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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earlyfirstcentury.10TheAesillascoinageisthereforeune pect-
withitsclearandproudvisualreferenceto thesymbolicpowerof
niansof thepast thenewcoinagepresentse uallyunmistakable
yRomanpowerandauthority . ntheselec tionof thetypes then
onedallpretenseofpreservingthefiction ofMacedonianfinancial
medinsteadthatthisisa coinageofficiallyissuedfortheMacedo-
ofRome. notherwords theoldmaskhasnowbeenremoved.
withcoinage Aesillasisan unknownfigure.Nothingiscertain
servedas uaestorinMac edonia. Normally the uaestorshipwasan
betweentheages27and30followingserviceas amilitarytribune.
rtobeenrolledintheSenateandrepresentedthef irstof f ic einthe
.11R utAesillasisnotknownto haveheldanyotheroffice andhis
uallyuncertain.12
nefurtherpieceofnumismaticevidencethatseemstobeconnected
torshipinMacedonia.AraremonogramappearingonAttic-weighttetra-
dbythe ThracianislandofThasoscouldrepresentthefirst four
s if itwerewritteninGreekasA Z Y A A AZ . 13TheThasianmono-
n e as i ly b e r ea d a s A Z Y [ A AA Z ] s e e l a te 1 4 . A n d gi v en t h at t h e
arsonAesillas-typetetradrachmswiththereverseinscription
0Q hasalsobeenidentif iedasthenamerepresentedbythreemonograms
l c foundonThasiantetradrachms themonogrammaywellindic ate
authori edtheproductionofimitationThasiantetradrachms.
or particularlye traordinaryaboutR omancopyingofGreek
gwiththeGreekworld R omanofficialsroutinelymintedcoinsthat
esofentrenchedc irc ulationandhighdemand. The E GMA € -
nia theNewStyleAtheniantetradrachmsofSulla thenumerous
omanproconsulsinAsia andtheThasiantetradrachmsofSuraall
willingnesstoaccommodatetheirownfinancialneedstothetradi-
eoplesofthe ast.H Moreover theMacedonianissueofAesillas
ne actlyinitsAtticweight preferenceforthetetradrachm
prominentplac ementof thefamiliarandtraditionalMA € A O NQ N
ersetype.
olarlyconsensusthatthe Suraresponsibleforarareissue of
msw iththereverselegendSV V R A E G R0 Q P late5 17-92
legateunderC . SentiusSaturninus governorofMac edoniac a. 93-87
owever D. M. ew isproposedthatanotherSura . Cornelius entulus
th e M A € A O N D N a n d E G M A € A O N Q N c o in a ge s n o ws e e B u r ne t t p p . 54 - 67
ulation p.72. ormerlytheseissueswereconnectedwiththerevoltofAndronikos
e e e. g .G a eb l er A M NG 3 p p . 62 - 69 M a c a y p p . 34 - 40 .
o r v ol . 2 4 c ol s . 80 1 -2 7 .
no. 6 of fersthreenamesthatmightprov idec luesaboutthefamilyoriginof the
Aesil las rec ordedatA ncona NS 1910 , 365 , anA esilusSav if . fromCarpentorate
L , i i 1 1 60 , a n d an A si l as t h e t r us c an s e er f r om i s a in V i r g i l s A e ne i d 1 0 .1 7 5-
alsosuggeststhatA esillaswashimselfaGreek butthereisnothingtosupportsuc h
asservedas uaestorinMacedoniaprovesonlythathewasthere notthathe
ge pp. 195-209.
p . 1 7 8 B o m po i s p . 6 2 e n or m an t ' A nt i u i te p . 1 44 H e a d G u id e p . 1 1 2 a n d H N 2
M i in k un d e " p p . 1 7 1- 7 2 a n d A MN G 3 p . 7 3 2 2 5 a n d 2 nd e d . p . 9 9 B r o u g ht o n p . 1 9
snomendif fersintheanc ientsourc es: lut. Sulla11. 4has B rettios ; A ppian
s ; b u t 1 G i , 6 1 3 h as B p a i T io v " ; a n d t hi s i s ad o pt e d by W i s e ma n p . 2 1 7 7 0
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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ndCatilinarianconspirator wasthereallegateinMacedoniaserving
ar hisbrother-in- lawandc onsulof64.16Whileadmittingthatthereis
entulusSuratoMac edonia ew issuggestedthat . uliusCaesar
doniaresponsiblefortheCA R issueandthathe tookhis
" where Sura c anhavebeenmintingpro uaestoreindirec tsuc ces-
ew ishimselfemphasi es thisis morehypothetic althanthec onven-
however nodoubtwhy ew isofferedthisprev iouslyunsuspec ted
atingthehistoricalconte toftheAesillasissues fromtheconsensus
wisprovidedane planationforacrucialoverstrikeofAesillasonNew
94-353.
verstrikeontheAthenianNewStyleissueofD emeas- allikra-
swillbe discussedmorefullybelow.18What mattersforthe
uckanAthenianissuethat ewisandothersupportersofthe
leAthensplacesometenyearsafterSulla ssackofAthensin
w isreali edthatif theAesillasissues inc ludingCA R andSV V R A
werenotshif tedtoalaterdate theA esillasoverstrikewouldnec essarily
theAthenianissueandeliminatehispreferredlowchronology.20
gCA R andSV V R A withahypothetic albutseeminglypossible
nfigureswhocouldhaveservedinMacedoniaafterthedecade
ofAthensandthelow chronologydatefortheproductionofthe
ikratidesissue ew isprov idedanalternativehistoric alc onte tto
eminglyfatalnumismaticevidence.
erstandhereis that ewisandothers21assume1 thatCA
E G R 0 Q a r e cl o se t o ge t he r i n ti m e of p r od u ct i on a n d fo l lo w a
a nd S V V R A s e c on d a n d 2 t h at b e ca u se o f t he D e m e as - a l li k ra -
llasissuesmustbelater thantenyearsafterSulla ssackofAthensin
ionof theseassumptions itisdif f ic ulttobelievethat ew iswould
heidentif ic ationofSV V R A asthehypothetic al . Cornelius
of theearlier well-attestedQ . B raetiusSura.
alsomadetheidentificationofCA R lesscertainthanonce
is sproposedidentif icationofCA . . . as . uliusCaesar c onsulof
sumedthat . uliusCaesar c onsulof90 wasthegovernorofMac e-
ilasc oinsw ithCA R addedtotheobverselegend. n1902
entificationwithtwoinscriptionsfromSamothracenaminga
x v 6 ut o ] t o ; M a e S ov ia < ; a n da A eu x t o v I o uX i ov K ] a r ap a a n dG ae bl er s id en ti -
ptedbasisforassigning . uliusCaesartheproconsulargovernor-
immediatelyafterhisassumedpraetorshipin95and ustpriorto
tiusSaturninus underwhomQ .B raetiusSuraservedaslegate
aretwoimportantassumptionshere:1 thattheabbreviationCA
ta n d fo r C A [ S A R ] a n d 2 t h at C A R a n d S V V R A m us t b e
eybothappearontheAesillas-typecoinage.Nevertheless sinceQ .
efulsummaryof theancientsourc es seeSarakak is pp. 156-58 forthedatesof
seeB roughton pp. 15-49.
9 .
p p . 91 - 95 .
c f. B o e h r in g er C hr o no l og i e p . 3 1 a n d Ma t ti n gl y p . 1 48 .
bse uentinsistenc eonthispoint B y antium " pp. 54-65 esp. p. 65w ithn. 33.
M at t in g ly p p . 15 8 -6 0 a n d i s he r p p . 69 - 70 w i th n . 4 .
u n d e " p p . 17 1 -7 2 a n d a s he m sk i p p . 54 a n d 13 0 n . 1 B r o u g ht o n p . 1 3 wi t h n. 3 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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testedasa legateinMacedoniaduringthegovernorshipofSentius
onnecttheinscriptionsnaminga . uliusCaesarasgovernorof
R issuesoftheAesillascoinageandto placehisgovernorship
rmofSentius underwhomaSurawasknowntohave servedas
econstructionwasthatthenumismatic historical andepigraphical
einforceoneanother.23
bove ewisproposedacompletelydifferenthistoricalconte tfor
eptedreconstructionoftheAesillasevidence.Withoutre ectingthe
nbetweenCA R andSV V R A hedowndatedtheA esillas
ndidentif iedCA as . uliusCaesar c onsulof64 whosepraetor-
ovincialgovernorshipareunrecorded.24 n1979H aroldMattingly
w is sproposalinac arefulree aminationof thec areerof thelater
datreconc iling ew is salternativeidentific ationw ithasecondproble-
wnto ew iswhenhec hallengedThompson—ofB y antiumover
ewillalsobediscussedbelow.Settingtheproblemof theoverstrike
tisimportanttounderstand asMattinglyshows thatthereis
Caesar spre-consularcareerthatconflictswiththeideaof his
ween69and67B . C . O nc eagain however Mattinglyassumes as
numismatic ev idenc eof theCA R andSV V RA issuesmustbe
stbeorderedwith1 Aesillasmintingwhile uaestorunder
uramintingas egatusproQ uaestoreimmediatelyaf terthec essationof
however revealedadifferentarrangementofissuesthatbreaks
betweentheCA R andSV V R A issuesandreversestheorder
sult itmaybepossiblebothtoacceptthewell-attestedand
SV V R A withQ . B raetiusSura legateofgovernorSentius93-87
toassociateCA R w ith ew is sandMattingly sc on ec turalMacedo-
uliusCaesar c onsulof64 intheyearsbetween69and67 when
cedonianfasti.Admittedly thisisnot aconclusionanyonewould
renot fortheundeniableevidencegatheredfromacomprehensive
nationthisev idenc eprov idesforthepu z lingandseeminglyc ontra-
itwouldhardlyseemc redible. R oman uaestorsdidnotremaininthe
utnormallychangedannuallywiththearrivalof anewgovernor.26
anweacc ountforA esillas sproposedc onnec tionw ithmagistratessepa-
tialto rememberthattheAesillascoinageisGreekandnot
ght c hoic eofA le andertheGreatfortheobversetype andalmost
rthetetradrachmdenominationareallaimedatgainingacceptance
ewhereR omannumismaticpreferencescouldnotbeenforced.
ewasintroducedand gainedpopularityintheregionaleconomy
alifeof itsown. Thisseemsespec iallyc learf romtheSV V RA issue
pearasa replacementoftheAesillastypebutservedonlyas an
apsemergency supplementationof the normal c oinage. A fterall the
f thepositiveacc eptanc eof thisrec onstruc tion seeSarikakis pp. 67-69.
9 arguingthat . uliusCaesar wouldhavebeenpraetorin67atthelatest andin
in thefastiofMacedoniawillaccommodatehimwithoutdifficulty p.298 .
8inresponsetoThompson B y antium " pp. 54-65.
ussion p. 150 andabove n. 11.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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wnfrom usttworeversedies whiletheobverseisborrowedfromthe
whichapparentlyresumesimmediatelyaftertheSV V R Aanomaly.27
stylisticallydiversegroupsofAesillasissuesfollowSV V R A.
nt20ormore yearsofproductionasdemandre uired.Andwhen
me theCA R issueswereneverthelessevenmoreconservative
dnotreplaceor alterinanywaythe Aesillastypesbutmerelyadded
bbreviationidentifyingthespecialauthorityresponsible.B utonce
dinaryissueswerefollowedbythecontinuedproductionofundistin-
ht behoped thehoardrecordatleastsupports thebasicconclu-
sproduc edlaterthantheSV V R A issue. 29Whatisnotc lear however
s sandMattingly sproposedyearsof69-67fortheMacedoniangover-
esarcanbereconciledwiththesomewhatcontradictoryimplications
cord. fnot theidentif ic ationofCA R w ith . uliusCaesar
tobeabandoned.
especificidentificationofCA R isthebasicnumismatic
nstratesthat bythetime theAesillastypehadenteredcirculation
stablishedreputation itbec ameundesirable ifnotimpossible for
agistratesresponsibleforthefinancesofMacedoniatointroduce
matictypes. nstead theR omanssimplyimportedtheirown
dtheR omandenariusrapidlyreplacedallAttic-weighttetradrachm
e accepted—andonly—silver coinageinwidecirculation.30
tionofwheretheAesillasissueswereproduced. nthenineteenth
ries fourmintswereproposed:Thessalonika thecapitalofthe
acedonia ella theleadingc ityof theB ottiaeanMac edonians
c ity inwesternMac edonia andA mphipolis thenortheasternMacedo-
thThrace.31 enormant sbeliefthatthereversemonogramA
nationofA mphipoliswasearlyonruledoutbyB ompois who
onogramoccurredoncoinsbearingan obversetheta universally
alonika.32B eroeawasne teliminatedwhenGaeblerobservedadie
dsbetaproposedasthemintmarkof B eroeabyB ompois 015A-
eB -monogramprev iouslyconnec tedwith ellaandtheB ottiaeans here
blerattributedbothfrand8 toamintat ellaandfurthermore
ntbyassigningthe Aesillasissueswithoutanyobverseletteror
Thisestablishedatentativeidentificationofthreemints:Thessalo-
mphipolis.
anancientimitationof theSV V R Aissuediscussedinthe Commentaryon
h e S V V R A i s s u e s e e Co m me n ta r y 0 1 6- 0 19 p p . 47 - 49 .
nintheCommentaryon088-0102 pp. 68-69. ulla se tensiveproduc tionof
lecoinagereflectsthesameconservativeattitudeofR omanofficialswhenitcame
money seeCrawford Coinage pp. 197-98. Rememberalsothepossibleissuesof
AesillasandSura discussedabovewithn.13.
in H oards " pp. 97-110.
ge pp. 197-98 andTouratsoglou C irculation pp. 35 43.
Q u e s t eu r s R o m ai n s " p p . 32 7 -3 2 a n d t A n t i u i te p . 1 43 T h es s al o ni k a A mp h ip o -
r i ed l ae n de r p . 1 79 A mp h ip o li s B o t t i ae a ns ; B o m p oi s p p . 66 n . 1 a n d 94 - 95 T h es s al o ni -
e r oe a ; G a e b le r M i in k u nd e " p p . 1 76 - 77 T h es s al o ni k a A m p hi p ol i s a n d e l la ; a n d
41 T h es s al o ni k a an d B o t t ia e a .
66and94-95.
n kunde " pp. 176-77.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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TwoNotesontheA esillasTetradrac hms:MintA ttributionandaDie
sherreviewedthepreviousbeliefsaboutmintattributionsand argued
yofdiea isat twelveo c lockornearly twelveo c lock andfrom2
stylisticsimilaritiesthat thesamediecutterengravedreversedies
versediesw ithB - 8 0 anddieswithoutanyobverseletter. 34
isherseemstoadmit 35neitherof theseargumentsprovesvalidforestab-
differentmintsortheir location.
providethemostreliable evidenceforestablishingmintattribu-
perfectsensethatthethetaplac edontheobversesof thevastma ority
ntmarkofThessalonika.Thiswastheprincipalcityin theregion
olitic al military andf inanc ialcontrol. Sec ond theredoesnot
elyindependentseriesofissuesof Aesillastypesseparatefromthe
Thelettersandmonogramsaddedto variousreversediesandthe
nottrulyindependent becausetheyallhavedielinksconnecting
36Noris theabsenceofanyobversemarkingsvalidevidenceofa
eagain therearereversedielinks betweenissueswithandwithout
onofthetatotwoof theearlyobversediesinitiallycut andused
encemeansthatallissues whethermarkedwiththetaornot could
mint.Andthis onemintwouldalmostcertainlyhavebeenThes-
n. 2 3 w hi c h ci t es h i s R 1 2 R 6 7 a n d R 9 0 a s th e wo r k of t h e sa m e di e c ut t er t o -
andR 40 R 16andR81 andR2andR 60 eac hsaidtohavebeenc utbythesame
c laimdoesnotstandupunderc losesc rutiny . R12 SNG it 2346= 015A -85inthe
A NS - T N = A NS 1 94 4 1 0 0. 14 28 2 = 0 3 -9 , a n d R 9 0 A NS n ot ( P a r i sh , " a s i sh er
7. 100 = 09-44 c annotbesaidtohavebeen c utbythesamediec utter " bec ause
morethansuperfic ial. TheletteringofA S L L A Sissimilarinallthree butthe
s asdoesthee actplacementoftheletteringinconnectionwiththewreath.
ocertainmarksofpersonalstylein thesereversediesthatwouldleadto theconclu-
beenpreparedbythesamehand. isher ssimilarc laimforR 23 A NS- elley =
m . 1 -1 a n d R 4 0 S N GC o p 13 2 9 = 0 1 3 -7 4 i s v er y p ec ul i ar i n de e d. i s he r s R 2 3 i s
tionandhasnoreal stylisticsimilaritytohisR 40oranyotherregular Aesillas
fulldisc ussionbelow in A ncient mitationsand orgeries " m. 1-1 . R 16 A NS-
8 5 7 .8 = 0 1 4 -8 3 g g g a n d R 8 1 B o s t o n M A = 0 2 - 2B ) a l so c an n ot b e s ai d t o be
sthec lubandthec istahandleof isher sR 16aretreatedinauni uefashion and
of theletteringofA S L L A Sare uitedifferentf romhisR81. inally how-
m f or R 2 B e r li n = B a l l P L 6 9 e b. 1 93 2 , 2 2 1 = 0 85 -3 02 a nd R 6 0 K o l n er M un -
6 , 23= 091B -332 seemswellfounded. Thetwodiesareverycloseinstyle inc lud-
elettering partic ularly theSsofA S L L A S andtheplac ementof theright
tly thesameplac eonatieinthelaurelwreath c ompare late11 085-302and
2 . B utthereisnothingverysurprisingaboutthis sincethegroupof issuesinc luding
w cl o se l y af t er t h e CA R i s su e s th a t in c lu d e hi s R 2 s e e Co m me n ta r y g r ou p V I I I ,
sherapparentlybelievesthatdieengraversnevermovedandassertsskeptically : To
tattributionswouldre uireahypothesisthatdies werecutinonelocationand
p. 74 . Suc hav iew istoonarrow aswesimplydonotknowanythingaboutthe
dieengraversinanti uity letaloneinthe relativelysmallandculturallycohesive
ryB . C . Macedonia. isher stentativec onc lusion p. 79 thatalltetradrac hmswere
asindicatedbythecommonpresenceoftheta andthatallotherobverselettersand
rtofthedie controlsystemofthatonemintoffers nonewevidenceandwrongly
mplicationsofMerkholm sreconstructionofdieandmintpersonnelmovement
c istophoric c oinageinthe ergamenek ingdom seeMerkholm R ef lections "
ks seethediscussionsinthe relevantCommentarysectionsbelow.
dielinked nothetaandtheta w ithCommentaryongroupV I I and05A-B and
oobversedieshav ingnomarkings w ithCommentaryongroup .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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problemwiththisconclusion. fallofthe Aesillastypeswere infact
whyaredifferentmarksplacedontheobversedies inplaceofthetal
esubstitutionsrepresent adiec ontrolsystemwithinthisonemint. 38
whydotheissuingauthoritiesreplacethemint markofThessalo-
isnotnec essary and inonec asewherenumismatistsagreethat
mekindofspecialcontrol thethetaisnotremovedorreplaced.39
nisthatthe substitutedmarksoffrand8 dorepresenta
esponsibilityforthecoinagebeingproduced.R ememberthat
erysmall.Afteran e haustivesearch usttwoobversediesare
andonlyonefordrachms.B utwhiletheymayhavebeensmall
enumeroussignsofintenseproduction.W itnessthe13known
iththe2obverses 014-015 theindic ationsofprolongeduseof
ertheywerebadlyworn e. g. 015B -88 andtheremarkablyhigh
rv iv inginnearlyuncirc ulatedc ondition e. g. 014-83 . 40These
ee traordinaryfinancialnecessitymustliebehindtheproduction
r almostimmediateburialindisproportionatelyhighnumbers
Aesillascoinage.B utifthemint atThessalonikastruckthese
ouldthemintauthoritiesdisguisetheirresponsibility Whywouldthey
8
tieswereattemptingsomekindof deceptionseemsincredible.
elikelye planationisthattheB - and8simplyrepresenta
tingauthoritytoadifferentplace orplaces identifiedbythe
otheobversediesc utduringthetransfer. urthermore sinc eallof
ksareconnectedwiththe obversetheta frand8 obverses they
aimedasindependentabbreviationsforanymintingauthority.
ersemarksindicatemintingauthority itwouldbepossibletotransfer
andthisis ustwhatappearstobethec ase whenareversediewas
edwithatheta obversetousewithandwhen tworeverseswere
2 Theradicallydifferentstylesoftheobversedies withfrand 8
therwerecutbythe dieengraversotherwisepreparingdiesfortheta
notthemselvescutbythesameartist c ompare lates3-4 07-013
0 15 A- B ) .
eenfr and8reinforcethecloseconnectionbetweenthese
planation ustof feredisvalid thec hangefromfrto8c ouldrepresent
horityor location ustaswellas thechangefromthetatofr.
assupportforB ompois early ideathatbac kwardsbetawasthemint
carry-overofreversediesis understoodtohavebeenlessimportant
esediemark ings. 44O ntheotherhand f rand8aresoc loseinbasic
representa singlemintingauthoritychangingitsmindabout
Thetruth isthatcertaintyisnot possiblewithoutbetterevidence.
eCA R issue whichemploysfourobversedies twow iththeta
019w ithaddedS Commentaryongroup V . isherstrangely inc ludestheS
ssionofmintattributiondespitehis agreementthatthepresenceoftheta rulesout
s asanothermintdesignation p. 73 .
r ou p I I .
p I r e ve r se m a rk s i de n ti f ie d u nd e r th e c ol u mn h e ad i ng D , a n d gr o up I I 0 1 4.
1= 014-61 014-82= 015B -82 014-85= 015A -85.
d015A -82 015A-85.
p. 26w ithn. 31.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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corporatesallknownvarietiesofAttic-weighttetradrachmsand
Aesillastypes.Thisincludesissuescontainingtheobverselegends
CA R M A € A O N Q N u se d to ge th er w it h th e A S L L A S Q r ev er se
A O NQ Nobversesw ithaddedS thatatonepointemployedthe
A E G R 0 Q i n p la c e of A S L L A S Q . A n ci e nt t e tr a dr a ch m i mi t a-
stedseparatelyattheendof theCatalogueevenwhenthey
thspecificissuesorgroupsof issuesofthetetradrachms.The
however notedinbothsectionsoftheCatalogue.
sbeenusedthroughouttheCatalogueinthe placeof period to
stersofissues.D espiteclearevidencethatconsiderabletimepassed
oftheAesillastypeandits finalabandonment groupsseemtobe
iodsasdesignationsforthe distinctclustersofassociatedissues
udy becausethee actrelativechronologyofthedifferentclus-
hedwith absolutecertainty.
esarenumberedwithA rabic numerals 1 2 3 , e c eptinthe
ldieshavebeensignificantlyalteredbybreakageorrecutting
nstances c apitalletters A B , C areaddedtoidentify therec ogni -
hedie.V ariousspecialfeaturesappearingonindividualreverse
rams pellets etc . arenotedintheCatalogueunderc olumnlabeled D .
hereversedie thusmarkedisalsousedwith oneormoredifferent
ere.Specifice amplesappearingintheplatesare markedwithan
he specificcitation.NewreversediesfoundaftertheCatalogue
atedbyX X orX X plussuperscript.
amplesofeachdiecombinationlistedinthe Catalogueisalso
gNo.Sincemanyofthe individualcoinslistedinthis Catalogue
onceindifferentsalecatalogues thepublicationrecordofeach
ogicalorder withthemostrecentappearancefirstandtheearliest
naddition sincetherearenumerouscaseswheremorethanone
erse-reversediec ombinationisknown thelistofmultiplee amples
isalsoarrangedchronologically beginningw iththemostrec entlypublished
verse-reversecombinationandworkingbackintimetoe amples
ranceis available.Whenmultiple undatede amplesarepresent
lly. x amplesfromsalecataloguesarelistedbeforee amplesfrom
ons whichappeartogetherinalphabeticalorder.
spublishedinsalec atalogues haveadoptedthefollow ingformat:
ionofthedealerorcompanyisgivenfirst followedbythesale or
r i ce i s t n u mb e r an d t he d a te o f t he s a le f o ll o we d b y th e i nd i vi d ua l n um b er
ec einthesale and ifprov ided theweightanddiameter. nforma-
oehringerisidentif iedas B oehringerc ast .
otgivenin theCataloguebecauseitappearsthatallissues were
ariationsf romthisad ustmentarelimitedto forf /andmay
thanunintentionaldeviationsfromthestandard itseemspoint-
orientationsindividually.Theonlye ceptionstostandardorienta-
specimensofdoubtfulauthenticity.Noneofthefivegenuine
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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R A E G R 0 Q r e v er s e R 9 2 h a s it s r ev e rs e o ff o f t we l ve o c l oc k
I m. 7-7b= Witsc honke16.95 hasitsa isatf iveo c lock . Sinceonly
esillasissuesof doubtfulauthenticityvarysignificantlyfrom
omprehensiverecordofthisfeaturehasbeenomitted.1
ord mint isusedtoindic ateonlytheissuingauthorityc onnec ted
types. tdoesnotnecessarilyimplyproductionata particular
theunityofissuesand themeaningofletters monograms and
epast tobemintmarksare discussedfollowingeachCatalogue
trology pp. 83-87 .
andertheGreat w ithhornofZ eus-A mmonenc irc lingear fac ing
O N Q N [ c oi n " o f th e Ma ke do ni an s ) .
etaorotherlettersbetweenneckandlegend 05B and
cesc lub f lankedbyRoman uaestor sc hair sella tor. andmoney
s u rr o un d ed b y l au r el w r ea t h a b ov e t he c l ub A S L L A S l o we r
u ae st or ) .
0 A a bo v e up p er k n ot o f w re a th R 1 8 2 0 3 2 A a bo v e up p er k n ot
of lowerknotofwreath R 27 deltaoncista.
ssuedw ith01-6B , seebelow D rac hms D r. 1-1toDr. 6-6.
r o ve n an c e
1 3 A p r . 19 9 1 9 8 8 .
s hm 3 3 01 1 6 .7 4 2 9 m m.
ngrecuttorepairA . . . L L A Sandwreathreworked
o 19 6 1 hd . I G C H 64 2 1 6 . 1 9 b B e r l i n m h oo f -B l u m e r
b le r A MN G p l . 3 2 .
5 1 3 - 1 5 D e c. 1 9 93 4 2 1 6 .7 5 b S i de r ok a st r o 19 6 1
1 6 .6 5 o v er s tr i ke o r r es t ri k e on A e si l la s ; c e e 7 - 9
44 d B M 1 9 18 -2 -4 1 6. 76 2 8 mm e D a v is 1 03
I G C H 6 4 2 .
6 16. 77 33mm= euardent O c t. 1923.
Z e n tr um 7 2 2 -4 D e c .1 99 1 3 06 1 6. 33 b B e r l in er M un -
19 8 3 3 7 1 6 .6 8 c o n te r io a n d W y at t 8 5
d a n 2 0 1 3 Ma y 19 81 1 75 1 6. 88 e n op ek
1 6 .6 9 f S u pe r io r 1 5 -1 9 u n e 19 7 6 4 4 1 1 6 .8 4 =
1 7 A pr . 1 97 5 2 5 6 1 6 . 8 6 g S c hw ei e r is c he r e di -
2 0 h S o th e by 4 - 5 Ap r . 19 7 3 J . W a r d , 3 5 3
6 9 e b. 1 93 2 2 2 4 1 6 .8 ) A NS 1 94 4 10 0. 14 28 7
ld wi n 1 92 1 ; k B e r li n m ho of -B l u me r 1 6. 40 3 0
A 1 6 .4 9 3 1 m m= C o m st o ck a n d V e r me u le p l . 5
4 4 1 6 .7 5 3 0 m m n s t an b ul 9 4 5 1 6 .9 0 2 9 m m .
y k 2 8 - 29 A pr . 19 78 1 8 b s ta nb ul D 1 2 -1 0 1 6 . 80 2 9 mm .
ni u i ti e s 2 1 9 7 2 G 1 32 1 6 .7 .
s e e A nc i en t m i ta t io n s an d o r ge r ie s p p . 72 - 73 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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9 1 3 -1 4 D e c . 19 9 5 1 3 4 1 6 . 38 b s t an b ul D 1 2 - 7
P l o v d iv 2 8 2.
0 - 1 2 Ma r . 19 8 0 6 7 1 6 .7 8 b B o u r g ey 2 0 D e c . 1 92 9
1 A ug . 1 92 5 , 1 1 93 .
e 19 8 5 B 6 5 b S o th e by 2 8 -3 1 M ay 1 9 00 2 2 5
0 0. 1 42 8 2 1 6 . 6 0 3 3 m m d l o vd i v 27 8 8 = Z l a t o -
9 69 .
i g. 1 1 2 5 = S W M ac ed o ni a 1 98 1 h d. 1 3 3 , 2 5 1 6 .6 1
24 2 0 9 = C ia n i 1 2 D e c . 19 2 1 2 5 = S o th e by 1 9 08
r l i n o e bb e ck e 1 6. 7 7 2 8 m m .
c t . 1 99 3 3 6 7 1 6 . 5 2 b S e ab y 7 35 N o v. 1 9 79
N av il l e5 1 8 u ne 1 92 3 B M d u pl ic at es , 1 50 0
A r ma n d- V a l t on 2 9 5 1 6 . 78 3 1 m m e h i la d el p hi a
.
1 6 -1 7 S ep t . 19 8 7 7 4 1 6 .6 7 = H e s s- e u 4 9 2 7 -2 8
7 = N a v il l e 17 3 O c t . 1 93 4 3 8 5 1 6 .6 7 2 9 m m=
23 1 6. 66 b B u r ne tt 6 4 f ig . 11 2 6. = S W M ac e-
2 6 1 6 .8 2 .
t . 19 6 2 2 3 59 = S i de r ok a st r o 19 6 1 hd . I G C H 6 4 2 ,
1 99 3 7 0 1 6 .8 5 = u r pf a l i s ch e 1 4 3 1 M ay - 2
o t he b y 7 M a y 19 7 5 9 3 1 7 .0 9 = S o t he b y 2 0 N ov .
B u r n e tt 6 4 f i g. 1 1 2 7 = S W M ac ed o ni a 1 98 1 h d.
52 c r es s 15 6 2 M a y 19 73 1 51 1 6. 45 = r es s 14 0 7 - 8
N av il le 1 5 2 u ly 1 93 0 5 43 1 6. 88 3 2 mm e B e r li n
3 0 mm f B M 1 8 36 1 6. 20 3 0 mm = B M C 20 8 5 g
83 h M u ni c h 1 5 . 90 3 3 m m p i er c ed .
.9 0 2 9 m m.
9 O c t . 19 8 2 1 1 5 1 6 .7 4 = C i an i 1 8 -2 0 D e c . 19 2 4
te s 3 1 9 73 G 5 29 1 6 .7 b S i de r ok a st r o 19 6 1
1 6. 83 c C ah n 61 3 -4 D e c .1 92 8 8 4 1 6. 75 d
8 2 0 3 1 6 .6 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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06A -B )
f i g. 1 1 3 1 = S W M a ce d on i a 19 8 1 hd . 1 3 3 , 3 1 1 6 .4 9 .
Me d. P L 3 33 M ay 1 97 2 1 4 1 6 . 68 .
M us . of H i s t. = e vk a 19 73 h d. C H 6 4 9 .
4- 15 a n. 1 99 2 6 75 1 6. 82 = V i co 2 7 e b. 1 99 1 1 14 1 6. 8 =
90 1996 16. 78= Sc hulman236 1-4Mar. 1962
p ie r re 1 0 75 1 6 .8 5 3 2 mm .
1 6 -1 7 A pr . 1 98 5 2 8 5 b H i r s c h 1 7 - 1 9 Ma y 1 96 1 7 6 0 c
9 5 d H u n t e ri a n 35 5 .1 p l . 24 B , 1 6 .6 3 e s t an b ul
F i s he r p . 8 5 0 2 8- R 7 2 a , w r on g ly i d en t if i es a d i e
p e ll e t ) .
o 1 96 1 h d. I G C H 6 42 , 1 6 .7 5 b s t an b ul D 1 2 - 3 1 6 .7 4
ssicalNumismatic R ev iew17. 3 uly -Sept. 1992 67 16. 75=
0 1 2 55 = C ah n 6 5 1 5 O c t . 19 2 9 1 3 6 1 6 .8 7 =
19 29 2 10 1 6. 75 b B u r ne tt 6 4 f ig . 11 3 0 = S W
33 , 3 0 1 6. 74 c T ho mp so n B y a nt iu m " p l.
96 1 h d. I G C H 6 4 2 1 6 . 9 4 d M u n h a nd l un g
5 6 5 7 1 6. 71 e B o u rg ey 1 4 D e c. 1 93 4 6 5 f
19 3 1 7 0 1 1 6 . 8 2 g g g er 4 5 1 2 N o v . 19 1 3 4 6 4
2 8 1 6 .8 7 i s t an b ul D 1 2 - 9 1 6 . 74 3 0 m m )
3 1 m m= G a ns 1 9 A pr . 1 96 0 2 6 9 1 6 .9 2 .
adingdamage
6 7 2 6 = C ed er li nd P L 3 3 1 8.
a M u s. A rc h . 10 2 18 1 6 .4 5 3 2 mm .
v. : R 27only deltaaddedtoc ista
2 9 -3 0 a n . 19 9 1 4 5 1 6 .7 5 = B o u r g ey 1 4 N ov . 1 98 0 3 6
0 M a r . 19 7 6 6 6 1 6 .7 6 = B u t to n o l ne r M un h a nd -
5 3 9 = r e ss 1 4 4 2 2 u l y 19 6 8 1 2 9 1 6 . 7 b
06 3 2 mm c W a d de ll P L 2 5 1 8.
93 2 38 1 6. 72 b B M 1 8 46 -2 -1 7 1 6. 46 3 1 mm =
5 8 = B M C 1 9 8 4 .
1 6. 70 3 2 m m b e u e b. 1 96 4 3 30 ? ) .
42 8 9 1 6 . 79 3 0 m m = i s he r p l . 31 0 3 2- R 8 8 b
3 0 m m c s t an b ul D 1 2 - 4 1 6 .8 4 3 1 m m.
t . 19 9 5 1 1 6 1 6 .7 9 b M a lt e r 7 S p ri n g- S um me r
c r es s 16 0 8 -9 u ly 1 97 4 1 53 d A nc ie nt G en s
M a l lo y P L , S e p t . 19 7 3 2 9 3 = S ch u lm a n 6 - 8 e b .
r es s 13 0 3 0 u ne 1 96 4 1 41 1 6. 8 f C oi n Ga ll er ie s
63 6 1 g B a ll P L 6 9 eb .19 32 2 23 16 .6 h
1 m m i s t an b ul 9 5 9 1 6 .7 8 3 0 m m ) s t an b ul
m m.
r 12 3 0 N ov . 1 97 6 4 4 1 6 .7 4 = r e ss 1 2 4 2 9 N o v . 19 6 2
u lm an 1 4 -1 5 D e c . 1 97 0 7 7 5 c V a r o u ch a S y ll o ge "
ro 1 9 61 h d . I G C H 6 42 ; d s t an b ul D 1 2 - 1 1
15Nov. 1991 153 16. 70.
pairdamageinhair rev .:R 33c ontinued
6 1 6 .6 3 3 3 mm .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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venumismaticevidenceforestablishinge actlywhichobverse
rtheAesillascoinage.Theorderofobversenumbers1-6 is
ary.Thebasicse uenceemergesfromstudyingthecombinationof
andreversedieslinking theobverses.
ortant istheev idenc eofobverse6A -D. 06beganusew ithoutany
k 06A late2 06A -8 . A f terbeingc ombinedwithtendifferent
2-13 15-16 21 23-26 , itwasf irstrecuttorepairspreadingdamage
06A -21and06B -26 andthenrec uttoaddtheGreek letterthetabetween
ndthelegend 06C late2 06C-27 . inally whendamageto
eachedunacceptableproportions 06Cwasdrasticallyrecutand
therreversebeforebeingdisc arded 06 ) , late2 06D-33 . Sinc e
elifeof06A -D goesf romnothetatoaddedtheta itseemsreasonable
nganyidentificationmarksorlettersbefore06 andthosewith
onafter06.Thisisimportantbecause06is linkedwiththreeother
4 a n d 05 w i th o ut t h et a b y sh a re d r ev e rs e d ie s R 8 1 2 -1 3 1 5 -1 6 2 1
theta O l byR 26.
nctivesignsof diewearonthereversesconnectingobverses3
arrangement 05alsopreservesthesameprogressionof initialuse
ndlateradditionof thetatothedie 05B ) . Thisparallelevidenc e
ationandrecuttingof06A-D , makesitcertainthatthese uence
ect.Theorderis furtherreinforcedbythefactthatR 26
to07w iththeta c omesatalaterstageof06 sdeterioration
rseslinkedw ithobverseslac kingtheta R 8 12-13 15-16 21 .
1and02areplac edatthebeginningbec auseneitherhasthetaand
ysharedreversewiththe othercloselyconnectedobverseswithout
e ar e t hr e e re v er s es u s ed b o th w i th 0 1 a nd 0 2 R 1 2 B , 5 b u t on l y
nceoftherelativeorderofthe twoobverses.D uringitsusewith 01
R2A deterioratedandwasrec utintheareasof thelegendandwreath.
legendlookedlikeA - L A S asseenonSNGA shm3301 P late
ingwas however c orrec ted andtherecutversion R2B ) wasthen
edeeperdrillingofthe berriesinthewreathand thecarefully
L A S cl a ri f y th e s e u e n c e of i s su e P l a te 1 0 2 - 2B ) .
biguousevidenceofrecutting therearealsoconsiderationsof
serinsty le partic ularly inthetreatmentof thehair tothe
es03-06thanto01 andthissuggeststhat01 mayhavebeen
ror engraverssettledontheparticularstyleoftreating Ale an-
ently for02andthereafteringroups and I c ompare01w ith02-
ypes displaysnoteworthydisregardfordiepositioninginregard
gendMA € A O NQ Nappearsinitsentiretyon5of the12e amples
y or42%) , thenumberdropsto4of21for02 19%) , 10of26
o f 2 f or 0 4 5 0 % b u t to o s ma l l a sa mp l e to b e me a ni n gf u l 3 o f 1 7 fo r 0 5
to27of50for06A -D 54%) . Thustheoverallperc entageofc orrec tly
28 39%) . Whateverthereason thispatternofc arelessstrik ingat
asnot apermanentfeature.Thepercentageofcoinsstruckwith
yv isibleincreasesw ithlaterobversedies. 035 fore ample has8of9
8has10of14 and097has7of14 despitethefactthattheoverall
ydec reasing. urthermore whenitreallymattered aswhenCA
heobverseimmediatelyaboveMA € A O NQ N. v irtuallyeveryc oinhas
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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R v isible and inmorethanhalfof theknowne amples theentire
endalsoappearsonthef lan. 2
rikingoftheearliestAesillastetradrachmsalsoadverselyaffected
ntrolmarksplacedonsomeoftheearly reversedies.W ith01all
aluatedhavean Amonogramplaceddirectlyabovetheknotthat
erytopofthereversedesign. astspeculationthatthismonogram
gAmphipolisisnodoubtwrong. oralthoughitoccurswith
italsoappearswithobverseshavingtheta amarktraditionally—and
erpretedasthemintdesignationofThessalonika see06B -26 06C-
an d b el o w 0 7 -2 6 - 3 4 - 3 5 - 4 0 a n d 09 - 43 . A t pr e se n t a l l th a t ca n b e sa i d
gwith02 itwasomittedoraddedwithoutanydiscerniblepattern.
diesknownwith 03havethemonogramadded onlytwoofeight
hef irstninereversesusedw ith06A -B . So whilethee ac tpurpose
ramcannotbedeterminedwithabsolutecertainty itsplacement
thereversetypeneverthelessreflectsitsrelativeunimportance
oftenofftheedgeof theflanandthereforenotvisible atalldue
striking.This togetherwiththefactthatthemonogramwas
dfeatureandeventuallydisappearedaltogether clearlyindicates
danecessarycontrolessentialtotheproductionofthecoinage.
ative itseemstomethat theAmayhavebeennothingmore
mofoneof thedieengraversresponsibleforcuttingcertainreverse
oftheAesillascoinage.Sincethemonogram sunobtrusiveposition
hefirstnine obversediesseemtoruleout anycriticallyimportant
eythatsomethinglessthanessential likeanartist ssignature is
andpurelypersonalidentificationseemsfarmorelikelythan
icularlygivenitsunimportantpositionandinconsistentapplica-
nofaspec ific benefac tor liturgy ormagistrate givenagainthe
minence nottosayintentionalobscurity whichhardlyprovides
rthegenerosityofabenefactororthe officialresponsibilityofa
onsistingof01-6is highlyuniform.Thisappliesnotonlyto the
sand renderingofthewreaths—particularlythedouble lines
sthattie theindividualsegmentsofthewreath— butalsotothe
gewasproduced. romthee tremelyhighsurvivalratioof21:1
ef irst6obversedies whatemergesisapatternofstrik ingthatisc har-
duseofobversedies 01w ith5reverses 02w ith5 03w ith7 05
th18 andthecarry -overof reversesbetweentwoormoreobverses
1 2 1 3 1 5 1 6 2 1 a n d 26 . W e a r o n th e o bv e rs e s is v i rt u al l y ev e ry w he r e no t ic e-
A-D resultsinrepeatedrecuttingofthee istingdieratherthan
obverse.Takentogether thispatternappearstoreflecthastybut
atinitiallyvalued uantityover uality.
4 3 A o r A ab o ve w r ea t h R 5 3 - 5 6 p e ll e t un d er s e ll a a nd b e lo w kn o t
6 0 6 2 6 3 B , 6 4 6 8 7 0 X X , 7 2 -7 3 7 5 p e ll e t un d er s e ll a o nl y .
44 52%) havetheentirelegendv isibleontheobverse.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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r o ve n an c e
es 8 2 7 -2 8 u n e 19 7 8 1 7 8 1 6 . 64 b I s t an b ul 9 5 6 1 6 . 63
d 6 S e pt . 1 99 5 2 6 b V i n c h on 1 4 -1 5 M ar . 1 98 9 9 4 1 6 .5 3
, 3 -1 1 N ov . 19 83 3 = B o n ha ms 8 1 1- 12 M ay 1 98 2
s 30 1 2 5 -2 7 M ay 1 9 81 2 7 0 1 6 . 3 9 = Ma l lo y P L 1 5
e l ly 2 5 -2 9 A ug . 1 95 1 5 0 2 d r e ss 1 5 6 2 M a y
r e ss 1 4 0 7 - 8 A ug . 1 96 7 4 2 e H a r m e r 4 - 5 O c t .
S u pe r io r 2 4 -2 5 S ep t . 19 7 0 6 5 = S c h ul m an 6 O c t .
n 20-25Nov. 1964 1205= Sc hulman 1-4Mar.
r o u ch a S y ll o ge " p l . 1 1 = S i d er o ka s tr o 1 96 1 h d.
B e r l in 6 62 /1 92 0 1 6 .6 8 3 1 m m i S NG i t 2 3 4 7
t an b ul 9 5 5 1 6 .7 4 3 2 m m k h i la d el p hi a 1 08 B o e h r in g er
g to n D . C . 16 . 51 3 4 m m.
mi s ma t ic a 9 u n e 19 9 4 8 4 1 7 .0 = S t ac k 2 4 -2 8 A ug .
b H i r s c h 15 8 4 - 6 Ma y 19 8 8 7 3 1 6 .0 6 = H i r s c h
2 7 0 1 6 .0 5 = H i r sc h 7 5 2 2 -2 4 N ov . 1 97 1 8 2
12Nov. 1986 100 16. 76= Siderokastro1961hd.
76 d e u s 31 5 3 0 A p r. 1 9 86 8 5 1 6 . 61 u n ce r ta i n
s t an b ul D 1 2 - 1 3 1 6 .6 7 2 9 m m f U n i v . o f Mi s si s si p pi
B o e hr in ge r ca st .
1 6 .7 2 3 4 m m = S c hu l te n 2 0 -2 2 O c t . 19 8 7 1 4 0 1 6 .7 0
.
r ie d e s Mo n na i es 1 5 -1 6 e b . 19 7 7 5 0 1 6 .7 0 = e u -
3 2 5 b S i de r ok a st r o 19 6 1 hd . I G C H 64 2 , 1 6 . 76
.7 7 2 8 m m= C o i n Ga l le r ie s P L , 1 7 u l y 19 9 1
L , 2 3 M ar . 1 97 1 2 4 .
4 Ma y 19 90 1 50 1 6. 65 .
H o t e l D r o u ot 2 1 A pr . 1 98 9 1 4 1 6 .8 4 b A uc t io n es 5 2 - 3
.8 0 = S e ab y u n e 19 6 0 A 5 1 9 .
7 N o v. 1 9 93 8 2 1 6 .7 b C l as s ic a l Nu m is m at i c R e v ie w
33 16. 69 = Numismatic aArsC lassic aC 11-12
70= Sc hwei erische reditanstalt5 18-19Apr.
c Sc hwei erischerB ankverein25 19-20Sept. 1990
in k 7 1 1 1 O c t . 19 8 9 6 7 1 6 .6 6 = G l en d in i ng 2 6 O c t .
a st r o 19 6 1 hd . I G C H 6 4 2 ; e S p in k 1 3 9 - 10 M a y
f M al te r 25 1 97 0 3 0 g M al te r 25 1 97 0 3 0 h
93 2 1 4 5 i g ge r 7 a n. 1 90 8 4 1 2 1 6 .7 2 ) B r us -
.6 9 3 1 m m k S N GD e l e p ie r re 1 0 76 1 6 .7 2 3 1 m m.
1 3 -1 5 e b . 19 7 3 5 7 1 6 .5 6 .
8 2 2 M ay 1 9 89 2 0 2 1 6 . 69 b A uc t io n es 1 5 2 3 u n e 19 8 3
on Ga ll er ie s P L , 1 4 e b. 1 97 3 2 4 d B a y er is ch e
t . 19 7 3 1 7 0 1 6 .6 4 e H i r s c h 53 2 6 -2 9 u n e
B l a se r - r e y 12 1 7 -1 8 a n . 19 6 4 1 1 25 = S i d e ro -
C H 6 42 1 6 .9 1 f B u t t o n o l ne r M ii n h a nd l un g
1 6. 63 g H i r s ch 4 1 9 -1 1 D e c. 1 96 4 5 6 h S id e-
G C H 6 42 1 6 .8 3 i H e l b i ng 2 4 O c t . 19 2 7 2 8 1 7
rr y = H o l fe ld er 1 97 2 , 2 0 1 6. 63 3 1 mm k s ta nb ul
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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m m l s t an b ul 9 5 4 1 6 .8 2 3 3 m m u n ce r ta i n ov e r-
, M ar . 19 81 3 7 1 6. 50 = C oi n Ga ll er i es P L , 1 2 Ma r.
n 6 - 8 Ap r . 19 6 7 1 8 09 b S t ac k 1 9 -2 0 u n e
c H i r s c h 35 2 5 -2 8 u n e 19 6 3 3 3 6 d S i de r ok a st r o
2 1 6. 70 e G . H i rs ch 5 u ne 1 93 5 1 18 1 7. 00 3 1
8 5 D e c .1 93 2 2 01 6 1 6 . 7 g A NS 1 90 5 57 .1 00
s t an b ul 9 6 2 . 1 6 .7 6 3 3 m m i S N GA s hm 3 3 06
1 0 1 6 .4 5 3 0 m m.
n t er 1 9 93 3 7 1 6 .8 8 = S u p e ri o r 1 - 12 D e c . 1 9 92
ka s tr o 1 96 1 h d. I G C H 6 4 2 1 6 .9 6 b M y er s
ay 1 97 2 6 8 c r es s 14 8 2 1 u ly 1 96 9 1 47 1 6. 00 .
3 m m u n ce r ta i n ov e rs t ri k e A t he n s ) .
c Gr o up 3 0 1 1 u n e 19 9 4 1 0 3 1 6 .4 9 b
.8 0 3 0 m m.
7 3 1 mm .
6 .6 0 2 9 m m b s t an b ul D 1 2 - 1 1 6 . 71 3 1 m m c
6 .7 3 3 2 m m.
4 30mm.
e h r in g er c a st .
c t .1 96 4 5 1 1 6. 47 b H i r s ch 2 2- 24 O c t .1 96 2 2 35 8
a r. 1 9 62 1 2 38 1 6 .6 5 .
5 O c t . 19 91 6 1 6. 50 = S pi nk 9 5. 8 O c t . 19 87
ning 11A pr. 1973 233.
wer knotofwreath
1 6 .8 5 3 0 m m b S N GT i ib i ng e n 12 2 5 1 6 .8 7 .
r e di t an s ta l t 28 1 9 79 2 2 1 6 .8 5 = G i bb o ns P L 1 3
3 3 mm p ie rc ed c H a s ko vo 6 71 . C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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ng 1 1 - 2 D e c . 19 2 7 5 9 6 1 6 .5 5 3 3 m m c
c t . 19 6 2 2 3 5 7 d C a li c o M a y - u n e 19 5 9 3 5 2
O c t . 1 95 5 2 7 0 1 6 . 5 9 e H a m b u rg e r 2 7 M a y
N av il le 6 2 8 a n. 1 92 4 8 08 1 6. 72 3 5 mm g D e
3 3 m m.
a n u e d es M o nn a ie s 1 1 M ay 1 9 91 4 7 1 6 .5 5 = G i es s en e r
1 3 9 1 6 . 5 5.
4 D e c. 1 98 9 4 68 1 6. 55 b C hr is ti e 7 S ep . 19 89 3 5 1 6. 5 c
19 8 2 1 1 7 1 6 .7 1 = e u s 25 0 1 5 M ar . 1 95 4 2 9 2
1 7 u n e 19 0 8 4 1 9 1 6 .6 5 = H i r sc h 1 9 05 2 7 7
S e pt . 1 97 7 8 1 01 1 6 .4 2 = H e s pe r ia A rt P L 2 3
r ok as t ro 1 9 61 h d . I G C H 6 4 2 1 6 .9 0 f G l en d in i ng
1 6 .9 5 = H e s s 19 4 2 5 M ar . 1 92 9 2 4 3 1 6 .9 g
9 1 35 1 6. 86 h B e r l in o , 1 6. 73 3 3 mm =
1 6 .7 4 i S N G i t 2 3 48 1 6 .6 4 ) S N G M an c he s te r
7 u l y 19 2 1 2 3 4 k a l e U n i v. 2 6 B o e h r in g er
o e h r in g er c a st .
8 O c t . 1 99 3 6 9 57 1 6 .7 0 = S p i n k 88 . 7 S e pt . 1 99 0 4 4 70
a na D e c . 1 98 3 1 4 7 b R a t t o 1 6 -1 7 M ay 1 9 35
en e r 89 5 M a y 19 9 8 1 2 9 1 6 .6 5 b H e s s 2 5 3 8 - 9 M a r. 1 9 83
1 6 O c t. 1 92 3 4 7 c H i r s ch 2 7- 29 u n. 1 97 2 6 8
- 4 u l y 19 6 9 2 3 0 7 1 5 .6 b r ok e n fl a n .
9 78 , p l . 4 7 6 9 0 = So t he b y 19 1 4 7 2 1 6 .9 1 = H i r s c h 13 1 9 05
overstrike .
en e r 62 2 0 A pr . 1 99 3 1 5 2 1 6 .6 6 b o i nd e ss a ul t 2 9 -3 0 M ay
ss a ul t M a y 19 7 2 4 9 = C a h n 66 9 M a y 19 3 0 2 0 3
13 W i n t er 1 9 71 2 d G l en d in i ng 7 - 8 Ma r . 19 5 7 4 3
ella
6 2 2 0 Ap r. 1 99 3 1 53 1 6. 40 b M A 7 36 1 6. 81 3 2
rsella
ourgey16 10-12Mar. 1980 66 16. 69= NanteuilColl. 834 16. 70
92 1 2 4 b R a t to 4 -6 u ne 1 93 1 7 4 1 6. 60 .
reak tor. ofchin
r- r ey 1 7 2 7 Ma y 19 67 9 70 .
e n na P L 6 9 S e pt .1 98 6 1 0 = M V n c. P L , M ar .1 98 4 1 4
n e 19 7 0 2 0 0 = S ch l es s in g er 1 3 4 e b . 19 3 5 7 9 0
e r 1 1 u n e 19 3 0 6 8 1 6 .6 0 d N u mi s ma t ic a Ar s
1 3 7 4 1 6 .8 0 e B e r l i n o e bb e ck e 1 6 . 6 6 3 0
D . C . 16 . 71 3 3 m m = n o bl o ch P L 2 1 S p r i ng
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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au g h O v e r s tr i ke s " p l . 3 7 = B o u r g ey 7 1 0 -1 1 u n e 19 8 2 5 9
a n . 19 7 2 1 8 1 6 .7 4 = S o t he b y- C la r k 2 0 a n .
b B o u r g ey 9 - 10 N o v. 1 9 76 5 5 1 6 .6 7 = S o t he b y
6 .6 7 = S o t he b y 2 0 N ov . 1 97 0 2 0 0 1 6 .7 c
5 1 n o d at e , 3 0 d B u d a p es t 6 1- 1 95 3 .4 1 6 . 87
pl. 3 8 overstrikeonNewSty leAthens
eB auslaugh O verstrikes " 16-20 .
e r 33 3 u n e 19 8 6 1 1 1 1 6 .6 4 = S p i n k 4 1 0 -1 1 N ov . 1 98 3
u l f i ng 1 7 1 1 6 . 10 c s t an b ul 9 5 0 1 6 . 70 3 2 mm .
es s en e r 87 2 M a r. 1 9 98 1 3 9 1 6 . 55 = e p c y k 4 3 2 0 -2 1 N ov .
ac k 2 7 u n e 19 5 2 1 0 5 9 = S c hl e ss i ng e r 11 e b . 19 3 4
kdevelopstother. ofchinaboveNoflegend
stfalisc hes andesMus. B oehringerc ast .
ssic alNumismatic A uc tions20 Mar. 1992 62 16. 62= Coin
3 N ov . 1 99 1 8 3 o v er s tr i ke o n T ha s os ; b S p in k 2 0
1 6 .6 4 = M u ll e r 14 3 1 a n .- l e b .1 9 75 2 4 = G l en -
1 3 8 c A N S 19 4 4 10 0 .1 4 29 1 1 6 .6 8 3 4 m m d
33mm.
1 6 N ov . 1 99 5 5 7 1 6 .0 9 b o i ns i gn o n P L 3 4 O c t . 1 99 2
e s P L , 9 N o v. 1 9 82 9 0 1 6 .7 9 = C o i n Ga l le r ie s
3 3 w r on g ly 2 6 .7 9 f or 1 6 .7 9 , d o ub l e st r ik e o r re s tr i ke ;
, 9 M ar . 19 56 1 56 1 c S NG H a rt 5 29 1 6. 61 0
3 2 m m g s t an b ul 9 6 3 1 6 .7 2 3 4 m m h s t an b ul
i V i e n n a 28 - 87 8 3 1 m m.
u n e 19 9 6 1 6 .7 8 b G i es s en e r 64 1 1 O c t . 19 9 3
a tt 1 9 A pr . 1 92 0 2 2 d s t an b ul 9 6 0 1 6 .8 0 3 2 m m .
6 . 65 3 2 mm b s t an b ul 9 5 8 1 6 . 82 3 2 m m.
997 216 16. 49.
magetohairattopofheadandrec utletteringofMA € A O NQ N
7 2 71 1 6 .4 4 3 1 m m = r o ko p ov H o a r d " 1 .
3 5 9.
6 .2 4 .
5 7 8 2 1 6. 78 b I s ta nb ul D 1 2 -6 1 6. 75 3 2 mm .
8 8 S pr in g 19 90 3 1 = C ed er li nd P L 8 1 n o da te ,
6 1 n o da te , 1 14 b B M 1 8 14 1 6. 61 2 9 mm =
c t . 19 8 0 1 9 9 1 6 .7 0 .
s acloselylinkedgroupofsi obversedieswithaddedtheta.All
nd asaresult c anbee tremelydif f ic ulttodifferentiatef romone
eatmentofthehornofZ eus-Ammonthatappearsintheplaceof
theloc ksofhairthatstreamoutinsnake-like wavy linesarepartic u-
nand distinguishthisgroupofdiesas theworkeitherofa single
gfor unusuallyclosestylisticuniformity.Theaffinityinappear-
everalimportantreversedie links.07mustbethe firstobverse
itisc onnectedto06byR26 and fortunately thereissomevisible
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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ginalse uenceof06and07.Tiny crackscausedbythedeteriora-
emoree tensivewhenitwasusedwith07thanwith06 partic u-
ndthelowerright legofthesella andgenerallyaroundtheouter
mpare late2 06B -26and07-26 . Thisise ac tlywhatwewould
anitslife withoutthetaandonlyhadthetaaddedafter beingusedwith
everses includingR 26.Giventhat07and allotherobversesof
havetheta these uencemakesperfectsenseaspresentedhere.
eoftheAmonogramfromthereversedies connectedwith07-
ni ationreflectedinthereversedieli nks.After06B wasrecut
, fourof thesevenreversediesusedwithithadA orA . Also aside
sedbothw ith06B and07 therewereatleastthreemoreA orA
R34 35 40 . Thereaf ter however theA disappears:08isknown
esnothavethemonogram and09hasonlyone reversewithA
es R43 late3 09-43 . 010-013havenoreversesw iththeA or
rthere amplesappearelsewhereinthecoinage.
tedbyreversedielinks. iveoftheninereversesused with09
uentobverses:09-47to010-47 09-48to010-48and011-48
0to012B -50 and09-51to012B -51. Theremightwellbemore
sreversedierecordweremorecomplete.012A-D alsohasnumerous
verses fiveofwhicharerecordedhere:twowith09 twowith
14fromthene tgroup. Closestudyofallof thesec arry-oversrein-
f feredintheCatalogue. ore ample onbothR50andR 51there
ationwhentheywere usedwith012B thatarenotpresentwith
allbreakbelowthef irstSofA S L L A Sisnotfoundon09-50
09-50and012B -50 ; andon012B -51thesi eofasmallc rac k in
snotic eably largerthanitison09-51 c ompare lates3-4 09-51
ameistrueofR54c onnecting010to01l:on011-54thereisawart-
the baseoftheclubwhichis notfoundon010-54 compare
011-54 . A ndalthoughallof thesesignsofwearareadmittedly
oubtthat theyallsubstantiatethearrangementof09-013offered
9-013is theorderofthereversedie usage.Whereverpossible
esintheCatalogueis basedontheprogressivesignsofwear visible
ereareover140e amplesof thef iveobversediesinc ludedhere 33
0for011 50for012 and8for013 , theev idenc eofwearisinmost
blemis thattheresultingorderpresentsa patternnotoforderly
eversetothene tobversebutofremovalof reversesfromservice
andthenreintroductionatalater—sometimesconsiderablylater—
ithdrawalofsomereversesforlaterusealso impactsontheprogres-
rols.Asmentionedabove onlythefirstreverseusedwith 09
eA monogramrepeatedly foundonthereversesof01-07. Theremaining
9haveno addedcontrols butafterthreefurtherreverseswithout
acestwopellet- likedotsonthereversedie R53 , onebeneaththe
ondbelowthelowerknotof thewreath P late3 010-53 . A
hthesetwoaddedpelletsfollows 010-54through011-56 and
esediesis reinforcedbytheevidenceofwearon010 and011.
eaddedpelletsis however uncertain.3
see Metrologyand roductionControls " pp. 85-87.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0
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dieswith twoaddedpellets thereareseveralwithnoadded
9 - 5 7 - 5 8 a n d -5 9 . N e t b e gi n ni n g wi t h th e f ir s t re v er s e us e d wi t h
plac edundertheseatof thesella R 60 . mmediatelyaf ter no
butitwasagainpresentonR62. O nR 63 however apelletwas
ithadalreadybeenusedforsometime c ompare late4 012A-
hatfollowedlookslikeanearlyrandommi of reversesw ithand
012B -64through013-76 . Thisisc le