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SHADOWS OF THE EMPIRE, PART II: RISE OF THE EMPIRE
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Shadows of the Empire
Caesar’s assassins believed they were saving the Republic The people of Rome did not share this
belief
Octavian, Caesar’s grandnephew and heir, forms an alliance with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate to hunt down the assassins
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Path to War
Octavian controlled the west, including Rome
Antony allies with Cleopatra, pharaoh of Egypt, in the east
Allies of Octavian start a rumor that Antony wants Cleopatra to be queen of Rome Antony’s mistake was ceding Rome to
Octavian
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The Battle of Actium, 31 BC
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Octavian Triumphant
Antony and Cleopatra fight Octavian at Actium Octavian routs his enemies Antony and Cleopatra retreat to Egypt Antony commits suicide Cleopatra commits suicide hours before
Octavian’s army closes in on her Octavian is left as master of the Roman
World
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Call to Power
January 1, 27 BC: The Senate votes Octavian the title Augustus- “Most Honored”
Awarded Princeps Civitatis- “First Citizen of the State” Awarded Tribunica Potestas- “Full Power of Tribunes” Awarded Pontifex Maximus- “High Priest of the State” Awarded Imperator- “Commander of the Roman Army”
This title is the basis for “Emperor”
Augustus turned Roman legions into a standing army Advanced into Germany Created an auxiliary reserve army Created the Praetorian Guard as police force and
personal bodyguard
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Life under Augustus
Advanced women’s rights Massive building campaign Allowed local governments to control
their own affairs Virgil’s Aeneid-an epic tale of the
founding of Rome-is written Aeneas, hero of Troy and Dido, his
princess
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Heir to Augustus
None of the titles were hereditary Augustus feared civil war upon his death To establish succession he shared
consular and tribunican powers with his adopted son, Tiberias
With the death of Augustus in AD 14, the Senate recognized Tiberias as the new emperor
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The Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Augustus established a dynasty that lasted from 27 BC to AD 68 Tiberias
Tiber River in Rome was named for him Son in law was Pontius Pilate
Caligula Had his horse proclaimed senator and consul
Claudius May or may not have been insane
Nero The most hated emperor…ever
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Julius Caesar and Octavian Caesar Augustus
These two men dominated Roman history and politics for seventy years
Established the Roman Empire The Pax Romana-the Roman Peace Imperial Rome controlled 2.3 million square
miles of territory in Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Middle East
The Roman Empire survived in one form or another until 1453
Almost a quarter of the world’s population that has ever existed, lived and died under the reign of a Roman Emperor
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A Final Thought
“I found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble,” –Caesar Augustus
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Summarize
In your interactive notebook, at the bottom of your notes page, write a short paragraph about today’s lesson. Write about: What the main idea of the lesson was AND what you learned today.
Your summary should be able to explain today’s lesson to someone who was not in class today.