Download - Sensorineural Function
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SENSORINEURAL
FUNCTION
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EYES
Layers/ Tunics of the Eye
1. External layer (Fibrous tunic)Sclera - the opaque white tissue that helpsmaintain the shape of the eye
Cornea - the dense transparent layer thatpermits light to enter the eye
2. Middle layer (Vascular tunic)Choroid between the sclera and the retinaCiliary body connects the choroid with the
iris and secretes aqueous humor thathelps give the eye its shape
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EYES
Iris the colored part of the eye, located in
front of the lens, and has a central
circular opening called the pupil.
3. Internal layer
Retina contains blood vessels andphotoreceptors called rods and cones.
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CATARACT
Definition: Opacity of the lens
Causes:
Aging
Congenital
Trauma
Retinopathy
Steroids
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CATARACT
Signs and symptoms:BlurredvisionUsuallyvisual acuity is decreasedLoss of visionAppearanceof a milky eyeGlare in bright lights
NANDA:Sensory perceptual alterationRFI
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CATARACT
Management:PhotocoagulationEye drop before: MYDRIATIC
Cataract extraction
Intracapsular- ExtracapsularEye patch
After surgery: (unaffected side)No coughingNo valsalva maneuver
No lifting heavy objects
No bending from the waist
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CATARACT
No sneezingNever rearrange furnitures predictable
environment
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GLAUCOMA
Usual Cause:IOP
Risk factors:
Familial historyOld ageDMCVDsMyopia
Signs and Symptoms:PainfulTunnel/halo/gun-barrel vision
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GLAUCOMA
Management:IOP Cholinergics
- MitoticsSurgeryTrabeculoplasty
Trabeculectomy
- unaffected side
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RETINAL DETACHMENT
Definition: Curtain or veil along the line of thepatient's vision
Cause:Trauma
Signs and symptoms:Floating spotsFlashes of lightNo pain
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RETINAL DETACHMENT
Management:Scleral bucklingBed rest
Eye patch
After surgery: (affected/dependent side)
6 N'sAvoid reading
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EAR
Functions:HearingMaintenance of balance
Anatomy and Physiology:External earMastoid processMiddle earTympanic membrane
- 3 bony ossicles (malleus, incus,
stapes)Inner earSemicircular canals
- Cochlea- CNVIII
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HEARING
WEBER'S TEST to check for bone conduction(lateralization of sound)
Conductive hearing losshear conduction/soundmore on the affected ear
- affected middle or outer ear
Sensorineural hearing loss hear sound more onthe unaffected ear- inner ear is affected
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RINNE'S TEST to compare bone
conduction with the air conductionif AC > BC normal
- AC twice as long as BCif BC > ACconductive hearing lossif AC > BC and with impaired hearing
sensorineural hearing loss
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MENIERE'S DISEASE
Definition: Increase pressure in the labyrinth in theear
Etiology:Hypertension consumption of sodiumAutoimmune and viral illness
Triad Symptoms:VertigoTinnitusLoss of hearing
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MENIERE'S DISEASE
Management:Avoid driving a carLie supine and open your eyes and stare straight
ahead.Low sodium dietAvoid high altitudes
Drug of choice: Antivert
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MENIERE'S DISEASE
ACOUSTIC NERVE: VestibuloValanceVertigoVomitingViyahiloVonamineValium
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Otosclerosisdisease of the labyrinthine
capsule of the middle ear that results in a bony
overgrowth of the tissue surrounding the
OssiclesFenestrationremoval of the stapes with a
small hole drilled in the footplate, and a
prosthesis is connected between the incus andfootplae.