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TAURODONTISMThe term was coined by Sir Arthur Keith in 1913 to describe a peculiar dental anomaly in which
the body of the tooth is enlarged at the expense of the roots.
The term ‘TAURODONTISM’ means “bull-like” teeth.
Tauro= bulldont=tooth
• Hammer et al believed that the taurodont is caused by failure of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level.
TAURODONTISM is characterised by an elongated body and short roots with
longitudinally enlarged pulp chambers.
Etiology• A specialised or retrograde character• A primitive pattern• A Mendelian recession trait• An atavistic feature• A mutation resulting from odontoblastic
deficiency during dentinogenesis of roots
Shaw classified taurodont teeth into:
• Hypotaurodont• Mesotaurodont• Hypertaurodont
Syndromes associated with taurodontism are:
1. Klinefelter syndrome2. Down’s syndrome3. Rapp Hodgkin syndrome4. Trichodentosseous syndromeIt is also commonly associated with
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Conditions associated with taurodontism are:
Certain dermatological conditions like- Epidermolysis bullosa Otodental dysplasia Dyskeratosis congenita
Clinical features:• Age- middle age• Sex- no sex predilection • Site- Deciduous and permanent dentition
affected. Molars are commonly involved. It may be bilateral or unilateral
• Shape of involved teeth- Rectangular shape rather than the normal tapering towards root.
Radiographic features:• Involved teeth tend to be rectangular in shape
rather than taper towards the roots.• Pulp and pulp chamber- pulp chamber is
extremely large. Pulp lacks the usual constriction at the cervix of tooth.
• Roots- the roots and root canals are exceedingly short
DIAGNOSIS:• Clinical- Rectangular shaped crown• Radiographic- Extremely large pulp chambers
Differential diagnosis:Developing Mandibular Molar
Management: No specific treatment as it does not
cause any clinical problems
HYPERCEMENTOSIS Hypercementosis is a non-neoplastic
condition in which excessive cementum is deposited in continuation with the normal radicular dentin.
It is also called as Cementum Hyperplasia or Exostosis of Root.
Etiology:• Loss of antagonist• Inflammation of root• Trauma repair (tooth repair)• Osteitis deformans or Paget’s disease of bone• Others-Hyperpituitarism, calcinosis, thyroid goitre, Vitamin A deficiency, Rheumatic fever
Types of Hypercementosis
• Localised
• Generalised
Clinical features:• Age-adults• Sex- no sex predilection• Site- premolars are often bilaterally affected. Deciduous and permanent dentition affected• Symptomless (unless periapical infection is
present)• Signs- teeth are vital and not sensitive to
percussion• Roots-roots appear larger in diameter and present
with rounded apices
• Fusion of teeth- extensive hypercementosis causes fusion of 2 or more adjacent teeth
• Spike formation- it occurs in case of excessive occlusal trauma
Radiographic features:• Thickening and apparent blunting of roots.• Bulbous appearance of roots.• Apex- Roots exhibit rounding of the apex• Lamina dura- follows the outline of teeth in
normal periodontal space• Bone resorption- irregular accumulation of
cementum that is accomodated by related area of resorption
Differential diagnosis:
• Multirooted teeth and dilacerated root• Fused root
Management:Treatment of the primary cause
Extraction of teeth with hypercementosis is contraindicated
CUSP OF CARABELLI It is an accessory lingual cusp located on
the mesiopalatal cusp of maxillary second deciduous molars and first,second,third permanent molars.
Unilaterally or bilaterally present.
CUSP OF CARABELLI
Accessory cusp is seen occasionallyon mandibular permanent or deciduous molar.
It is called as “Protostylid”
MULBERRY MOLAR MULBERRY MOLAR or MOON’S MOLAR is a
characteristic syphilitic lesion of posterior teeth in which the hypoplastic enamel develops with spherical aggregates orglobules on the surface of dentin.
HUTCHINSON’S INCISOR Enamel Hypoplasia due to congenital syphilis. The anterior teeth affected are called
“ Hutchinson’s teeth”. The upper central incisor is ‘screw driver’
shaped. The mesial and distal surfaces of the crown taper and converge toward the incisal edge. The edge may be notched.
SUPERNUMERARY ROOTS Teeth that are normally single rooted,
particularly the mandibular bicuspids and the cuspids have two roots.
Clinical features:• Site- molars,bicuspids, cuspids• They are seen as slender outgrowths at the
centre of furcation area of molars.
Radiographic features: