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Selling Safety
Presented to the Tennessee Valley Chapter
of the System Safety Society 20 March 2013
David Schultz, Steven Hosner
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Outline
• Premise: Safety is typically presented as negative.
– How the safety profession has been damaged by misperception.
• Thesis: Safety, correctly presented, is positive. – Positive examples of the safety profession.
• Synthesis: Safety Engineering enhances quality of life for all. – How to “sell” safety to: Lawyers, Scholars, Sporty People,
Program Managers, and (Non-Safety) Engineers. – Additional ideas on improving the profession’s image.
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Premise:
Safety
as typically presented
has negative connotations
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“Safety” seems Negative:
• Safety Engineering is typically presented in a negative context, as in:
– Safety Engineers are the people who use statistics, logic and analysis (paperwork) to reduce the probability that the system under study will cause death, dismemberment and/or destruction of property.
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Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics*
• “Safety” has an unfortunate entanglement with statistics as a method of expression: – 2.39x10-7 failures/hour??
• 175 Lbs, 525 horsepower, 17,000 mph orbital velocity, these numbers people can understand and relate to. – Things are either OK or broken.
– Tiny fractions of a failure per hour are not.
(*Mark Twain)
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“Safety” seems Negative:
• “Safety Scissors” in kindergarten – Surpassed only by “left handed safety scissors” in
frustrating children's ability to create paper crafts
• “Safety Seats” for kids in cars, restaurants, and shopping carts. – Frustrating for children, parents, and everyone
else in the place. (and they still manage to wiggle out and land on their heads).
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Negative Safety Associations:
• OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health Administration
• TSA - Transportation Security Administration
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Forbidding Jargon
The language of safety is filled with mystic, negative images, and obscure jargon:
• Probability of Failure (Pf)
• Low probability of Failure
• Hazard Effects
• Catastrophic
• Fatalities
• Injury
• As Low As Reasonably Practical (ALARP)
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Inverted Concepts
Safety is measured by failure:
• Probability of Failure (Pf)
• 2.39 X 10 -7 failures/hour
• A successful safety program is one that finds multiple design flaws that can kill people??
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Confused Language:
• Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA):
– Analysis of
– The hazards of
– Functional(s), (whatever it is?, (they are?))
• So the hazard of the functional is analyzed for?
• Or the Functional Hazard is analyzed, to get what?
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Confused Language:
• Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA):
– Assessment of
– The hazards of
– Functional(s), (whatever it is?, (they are?))
• So the hazard of the functional is assessed for?
• Or the Functional Hazard is assessed, to get what?
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Inverted Logic
• Fault Tree Analysis (FTA): Successful achievement of the top item on the chart results in the hazardous effect (catastrophe, disaster, etc.)
(Hooray??)
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Relative Safety
• Safety can never be perfect.
– Safe Enough is a reasonable goal.
– Safer than Safe Enough is unreasonable.
– Safer than that is even better?!?
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Safety Frustration
• Safety can never be perfect:
– Statistical approximation is required.
• Actual Achieved Safety cannot be measured before products are released:
– Safety engineers cannot be certain how valuable their contribution is until the product fails, or fails to fail, or …
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Safety Engineering is boring
• Safety is presented as a paper shuffling and number crunching task, with no immediate impact on the design.
• Safety is always the last presentation on the last day of the design review!
• Little wonder that few engineers start their careers lusting for a chance to become: . “The Safety Person”.
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Misuse of Safety Engineering
• The practice of calling on the “Safety Person” to sprinkle “holy water” on the design after the design is “cast in concrete” leads to:
– Late discovery of complex interactions, hidden flaws, etc. requiring higher administrative involvement, and decision to fix or ship as is.
– Or worse: incomplete, inaccurate safety analysis and assessments, leading to distribution of products with unknown defects.
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NTSB is cool, Safety Engineering not
• NTSB deals with the effects of hazards. Death, destruction, losses.
• Safety engineers fix potential hazards before they happen, with engineering paperwork.
• People are excited by tragedy, not paperwork, no matter how significant the benefit to society.
• So, how can ISSS become cool?
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Thesis:
Safety,
correctly presented,
is positive.
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Thesis: Safety is positive
• The “gold standard” for safety is:
“As safe as a babe in its mothers arms.”
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Positive Safety
• Context matters: “A babe in its mothers arms”
– Not very safe in a moving car.
– But great in a rocking chair.
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Positive Safety
• Safety Engineers identify the non-obvious, chained cases, improving outcomes.
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Synthesis:
Safety Engineering
is a
Life Enrichment Activity
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Which is more persuasive?
Safety Engineering promotes “health and survival”.
or
Safety Engineering prevents
“death and destruction”.
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Which is more persuasive?
• Design Assurance Level
– Implies positive outcomes
• Level of Rigor
– Implies hard work
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Safety Engineering as a Life Enrichment Activity
• Including safety in the early design process results in products that are:
– More reliable
– Easier to understand, and operate
– More fun to use
– Provide new experiences, information, and adventure
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Safety Engineering Enriches:
Lawyers
Scholars
Sports-Persons
Program Managers
(Non-Safety) Engineers
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Safety Enriches Lawyers Lives:
Safety Engineers help to :
• Affix blame in an injury law suit so your client is willing to pay you a large fee.
• Avoid blame in an injury law suit so your client is willing to pay you a large fee.
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Lawyers benefit from safe products:
Healthy, happy customers use lawyers to:
• protect intellectual property.
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Safety for Young Scholars
• Provide educational material to present safety in a positive light.
• Much visibility, low cost, make safety a contest, and fun.
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Safety for Young Scholars
• Well designed tools for use by youth can improve their construction projects, and reduce their frustration levels.
• Need: Pictures of children/teens making things with 3-D printers (e.g. RepRap), Laser cutters, and scissors that work!
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Safety for Young Scholars
• Well designed tools for use by youth:
– “Safe” tools includes things like scissors, knives, and saws that actually work.
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Safety for Young Scholars
• Well designed study tools improve research accuracy, improve experimental success.
• Safety gear improves success rates in reading, writing, and math, by keeping brains intact.
• Need: Pictures of walking on a well designed sidewalk, riding motorcycles, horses, chemistry lab, machine shop, etc.
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… a well designed sidewalk …
Is fairly boring,
But:
• with the right backdrop
• and interesting subjects in the foreground,
• the sidewalk can be shown
• as the potential killer it is!
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Safety for Sports
• Helmets keep the brains intact when riding bikes, climbing, or jumping off bridges.
• Pads & Gloves prevent bruises & abrasions.
[Need: Pictures of trail bikers, rappelling, bungee jumpers, Judo throw]
Safety: We think about it before you do!
The International Systems Safety Society
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Safety for Program Managers
Safety Engineers contribute to program success
• Identify optimal resource allocations
– Fewer spares
– Higher availability
– Fewer and less expensive repairs
– Effective, accurate user/maintainer training
• Result: on time and under budget program.
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Safety for (Non-Safety) Engineers.
• Early inclusion of safety engineering identifies and corrects “hidden”, non-obvious, chained, compound, interactive, unacceptable safety cases before the design is “cast in concrete”.
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Safety for (Non-Safety) Engineers.
• Realignment of resources early can achieve success.
– (a late discovery may not.)
• Safety is about getting it right,
– so you don’t have to ask forgiveness.
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Which sounds better?
Safety engineers design cars so that you will not be injured in most car
accidents!
A better life, brought to you by Safety Engineers!
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Which sounds better?
Do you have what it takes to be a safety engineer?
The few, the proud, the nerdy!
Safety: We think about it so you don’t have to!
International System Safety Society
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A catch phrase might help:
International Systems Safety Society
The Safety Engineering people!
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A catch phrase might help:
• Do you have an idea for an ISSS catch phrase that can be associated with the society in a positive manner?
• Send submissions to:
HSV-ISSS-WebGuru @
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Educational Safety Contest
– Example build “Cars” to hold eggs, and survive impact with a “brick wall” [concrete block?].
– ISSS could provide a track for cars roll down, (and contains the mess from losers.) Move from school to school. Put the design on internet.
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Egg Car Contest
• Need volunteers to help design the contest rules, portable track, cleanup cart, etc.
• Need volunteers to take the track to schools, give a brief (2-5 minutes) introduction and bring it back to (see next).
• Need volunteer to store track/cart between schools.
• Would need $ 0??? to purchase parts.
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Educational Contest
• Better ideas???
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Safety:
We think about it
so you don’t have to!
International System Safety Society