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Selective collection and recycling of household packaging waste in Belgium
Henri Meiresonne
Managing Director
Tel-Aviv 1 April 2008
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 2
Belgium
• 10,4 Mio inhabitants
• 327 inhabitants/km²
• 589 municipalities, ± 50 intermunicipal authorities
• 3 Regional governments - Waste is a regionalised matter
• Household waste = municipal responsibility (autonomy)
• Market quantities: ± 1.470 kT
- ± 770 kT household (± 75 kg/inh/year)
- ± 700 kT industrial
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 3
Basis = European Packaging Directive
• 1994: European Directive on Packagigng and Packaging Waste (1994, revised 2004)
• Producer responsability
- ≠ financial responsibility
- balanced sharing of responsibilities
- close cooperation between all parties concerned
Partnership as a key to success!
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 4
The Belgian packaging law
• Transposition of European packaging law in Belgian legislation = take-back obligation
• = defined as an obligation for each packaging responsible (producer, private label retailer, importer) to meet annually the recycling and recovery targets of the law- Via own system
- Via an accredited organisation (Fost Plus)
• The accredited organisation pays the full cost and determines HOW to reach the targets
but : with respect for the municipal autonomy
• Fost Plus is accredited by the authorities for household packaging (2004-2008). For industrial packaging: VAL-I-PAC.
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 5
Results (2007)
• 5 900 member companies= 730 kT household packaging
• 92% market coverage
• 116 kg/inhabitant collected - 70 kg paper-board
- 30 kg glass
- 15 kg PMD (lightweight packaging)
• 91 % recycling• 94 % recovery
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 6
Parties responsible for packaging (fillers)
(Inter)municipalities
RecyclersWaste management companies
IPC(Interregional
Packaging Commission)
Accreditation
Verification
Agreement5 years
How does the system work ?
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 7
Upstream : Members
• Household packaging
• Open-ended agreements (can be terminated each year)
• In principle : yearly declaration of packaging quantities
• Contribution determined by quantities and types of packaging
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 8
Downstream : Collection and sorting
• Co-operation with (inter)municipalities• Standard agreement for 5 years• Strict specifications for collection and sorting• Close administrative monitoring (PROFOST)• Public tender to waste operators = transparancy• Payment:
- if public tender : F+ covers full cost of collection
and sorting, communication, follow up, quality bonus…
- if no public tender : F+ covers average cost
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 9
Glass collection
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 10
Paper-Board collection
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 11
PMD (Plastic bottles, Metallic packaging, Drink Cartons) collection
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 12
Public waste yards
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 13
Recycling
• Collected and sorted packaging is allocated to recyclers on the basis of public tenders = transparancy
• Selection of recyclers is supervised by a joint committee (intermunicipalities, IPC, FOST Plus)
• Verification by independent auditors
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 14
Cost of the system
Packaging Responsibles Sale of material
(producers, private label for recycling
retailers, importers)
75 Mio EUR 38 Mio EUR
113 Mio EUR
Collecting and sorting Communication General expenses
(incl. intermun. qdm.) (incl. litter) Fost Plus
95 Mio EUR 9 Mio EUR 9 Mio EUR
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 15
Cost of the system
Cost to the industry
Examples of Green Dot fees per package :
- steel can 33 ml 0,0005 EUR
- alu tin 0,5 l 0,0008 EUR
- PET bottle 0,5 l 0,0043 EUR
- PET bottle 1,5 l 0,0059 EUR
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 16
Cost of the system
Cost to the citizen =
- 75 Mio EUR Green Dot fees (incl. in price of products)
- 8 Mio purchase of “blue sac” for light fraction
= total 83 Mio EUR
= 8 EUR per inhabitant per year
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 17
Key Factors for Success
• High, up-front investment in strategic studies rational and optimized collection scenario
• Industry and retail took the lead, and acted with solidarity
• PPS (Public Private Partnership)
• Tenders (collection, sorting, sale of materials)
>= transparancy and competition
• Communication Active participation of citizens
• Geographic progression (5 years to cover total country)
• Good relations with all the partners involved
• Quality management (materials and data) + controls
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 18
Communication
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 19
Communication - Schools
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 20
Is a deposit system an alternative ?
Usual arguments :
- High return rates
- Litter
But :
- return rates in Fost Plus system are equal or higher
- litter = a behavioural problem, not caused by industry
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 21
Reality : Deposit system =
- 5 to 15 times more expensive
- Creates more fragmented trafic (and pollution)
- Less convenient for citizens
- Limited to beverage packaging what about others ?
- Financially succesful when it fails
- Many possibilities for fraud (imports, double redemption…)
Conclusion : economically and ecologically, selective packaging collection is far superior
Is a deposit system an alternative ?
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 22
Communication - Littering
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 23
Prevention
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 24
Prevention
PREVENT.pack is the result of a co-operation between authorities and industry. It shows the packaging prevention efforts of companies, as an example to others.
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 25
Prevention: some examples
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 26
Prevention: the results
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HME-Tel-Aviv 01.04.2008 • • 27
Green Dot in Europe