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SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN TUANKU
LAILATUL SHAHREEN, PADANG BEHOR,
01000 KANGAR PERLIS
THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM
NAME:
I/C NO :
INDEX NO:
CLASS:
TEACHER:
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CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)
2.1 Meaning of open source (OS)
2.2 Example of open source (OS)
3.0 The Latest Open source Application Software
3.1 Meaning of open source
3.2 Examples of open source (OS)
4.0 The Latest Deveplopment in ICT
4.1 Hardware
4.2 Software
5.0 Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing
5.2 Examples of pervasive computing
6.0 Conclusion
Reference
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Meaning of Open Source
Generically, open source refers to a program in which the source code isavailable to the general public for use and/or modification from its original
design free of charge, i.e., open. Open source code is typically created as a
collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and sharethe changes within the community. Open source sprouted in the technological
community as a response to proprietary software owned by corporations.
A certification standard issued by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) that
indicates that the source code of a computer program is made available freeof charge to the general public. The rationale for this movement is that a
larger group of programmers not concerned with proprietary ownership or
financial gain will produce a more useful and bug -free product for everyone
to use. The concept relies on peer review to find and eliminate bugs in theprogram code, a process which commercially developed and packaged
programs do not utilize. Programmers on the Internet read, redistribute andmodify the source code, forcing an expedient evolution of the product. The
process of eliminating bugs and improving the software happens at a much
quicker rate than through the traditional development channels of commercialsoftware as the information is shared throughout the open source community
and does not originate and channel through a corporation's research and
development cogs.
1.2 Meaning of Hardware
Hardware means Refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk
drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast,
software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but ithas no substance.
Books provide a useful analogy. The pages and the ink are the hardware, while
the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software. A
computer without software is like a book full of blank pages -- you need softwareto make the computer useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful.
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1.3 Meaning of Software
Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and
instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that
provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, andapplication software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing theindividual hardware components of a computer system so that other software
and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be
concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory
to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consistsof an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk
formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication
(login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.
Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks
other than just running the computer system. Application software mayconsist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of
programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to
accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a largercollection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs
and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such
as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor,
spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a databasemanagement system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may
provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which
may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script
interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and largesuites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include
editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages
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2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)
2.1 Meaning of open source(OS)
An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that
coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. Most
operating system perform similar function that includes starting a computer,provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and
configuring devices. Some operating system also allows user to control a
network and administer security.
Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use andwhich provides the original code where the source code is available (under a
copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhancethe operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of
the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating
system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likelyuser interface.
2.2 Example of open source (OS)
Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of
the Ubuntuoperating system, using the year and month of the release as aversion number.
The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October
2004. Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is
delayed until a different month (or even year) to that planned, the version number
changes accordingly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_Ltdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_versioning -
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3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software
3.1 Meaning of open source application softwareOpen source application software is computer software that is available in
source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normallyreserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that
permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source
licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some
open source application software is available within the public domain. Opensource application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative
manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of
open source development and often compared to user-generated content oropen content movements. The term open source application
softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free applicationsoftware originated as part of a marketing campaign for free applicationsoftware
3.2 Examples of open source application software
BLENDER(SOFTWARE)
Blender is a free and open-source3D computer graphics software
product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed
models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's featuresinclude 3D modeling,UV unwrapping, texturing,rigging and skinning, fluid
and smoke simulation,particlesimulation, soft
body simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking,rendering,videoediting and compositing. It also features a built-ingame engine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_movinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_trackinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blenderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_body_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_movinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_trackinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_editing_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Blender -
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GIMP
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an image retouching and
editing tool and is released under theGPLv3license asfree and open-sourcesoftware. There are versions tailored for most operating systems
includingLinux, OS X, andMicrosoft Windows.
GIMP has tools used for image retouching and editing, free-form drawing,resizing, cropping,photo-montages, converting between different image
formats, and more specialised tasks. Animated images such as GIF and
MPEG files can be created using an animation plugin.The developers and maintainers of GIMP strive to create a high-end free
software graphics application for the editing and creation of original images,photos, icons, graphical elements of web pages, and art for user interface
elements .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomontagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomontage -
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Photoshop cs5
Launch
12 April 2010
Tool
CS5 introduces new tools such as the
Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer
Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. Thecommunity also had a hand in the additions
made to CS5 as 30 new features and
improvements were included by request.These includes automatic image
straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping
tool, colour pickup and saving an 16-bit
image as a JPEG. Another features includesthe Adobe Mini Bridge which allows for
efficient file browsing and management.
Advantage
CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5plus features in 3D and video editing. A
new materials library was added, providing
more options such as Chrome, Glass and
Cork.
Photoshop cs6
Launch
7 May 2012
Tool
CS6 brings the straighten tool to
Photoshop, where a user simply draws aline anywhere on a image, and the canvas
will reorient itself so that the line drawn
becomes horizontal, and adjusts the mediaaccordingly. This was created with the
intention that users will draw a line parallel
to a plane in the image, and reorient the
image to that plane to more easily achievecertain perspectives.
Advantage
Adobe has responded to feedback from
graphic designers and has modified theUser Interface accordingly. Now, it boasts
a more unified, static look, and is easier tokeep track of all the palttes and documents.
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5.0 Pervasive Computer
5.1 Pervasive computerPervasive computing means that the technology is gracefully integrated in our
everyday life. The user is no longer aware of this embedded technology. It
also refers to computers contained in common place objects such as cars andetc. It appliances and implies that people are unaware of their presence.
Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, mobile devices,
wireless communications and nomadic or ubiquitos computing system. Other
terms for pervasive computing are Ubiquitous Computing, Calm Technologyand Thing That Think. It is about the ability to deliver any information to any
device over any network. In short, it is about computers everywhere, where
computers are embedded into equipment, machines, furniture or people. The
current technology has evolved into embedded network and wireless.
5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computer
ASUS Eee Pad 101TC
The Eee Pad 101TC is in some respects a whole different kettle of fish to its
bigger brother. It's not just the 10 inches of glass that follows in the iPad's
footsteps, but also the metal sleeve around the edge now. Either way, this hasbecome an aesthetically acceptable style and the textured backside also looks
good and adds grip, however in the early sample on show the quality of
manufacture still needs some tweaking around the edges.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ENGYWrZZIxE/TgXwWLmT25I/AAAAAAAAANs/DaFXmm3U-9I/s1600/eePadEP101TC.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ENGYWrZZIxE/TgXwWLmT25I/AAAAAAAAANs/DaFXmm3U-9I/s1600/eePadEP101TC.jpg -
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SMARTPHONE
A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For
some,a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software
providing astandardized interface and platform for application developers. For
others, asmartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-mail, Internetand e-book reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB
keyboard andVGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has
phone cabalitiy.
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Reference
http://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-
lcd-packaging-bundle.html
http://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_review
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP
http://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMPhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.hardwareheaven.com/reviews/755/pg2/logitech-g19-gaming-keyboard-with-lcd-packaging-bundle.htmlhttp://www.trustedreviews.com/Logitech-G15-Gaming-Keyboard_Peripheral_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP